Government of Bangladesh

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Government of Bangladesh
বাংলাদেশ সরকার (Bengali)
Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg National emblem of Bangladesh.svg
Government Seal  • National Emblem
Overview
Established10 April 1971;54 years ago (1971-04-10)
StateFlag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
Leader Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus
Appointed by President Mohammed Shahabuddin
Main organ Cabinet of Bangladesh
Ministries 23 advisers, 353 departments and directorates
Responsible to Parliament of Bangladesh
Annual budget৳7.90 trillion (US$65 billion)(2025–26)
Headquarters Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka
Website bangladesh.gov.bd

The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali : গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার, romanized: Gôṇôprôjatôntri Baṅladeś Sôrkar, pronounced [ˈɡɔnoˌpɾodʒaˌtɔntɾiˑˈbaŋlaˌdeʃˈʃɔɾkaɾ] ) was constituted by the Constitution of Bangladesh comprising the executive (the president, prime minister and cabinet), the legislature (the Jatiya Sangsad), and the judiciary (the Supreme Court). Bangladesh is a unitary state [1] and the central government has the authority to govern over the entirety of the nation. The seat of the government is located in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

The executive government is led by the prime minister, who selects all the remaining ministers. The prime minister and the other most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet. After the Resignation of Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, the current Interim government is led by Muhammad Yunus as chief adviser.

Head of state

The President serves as the head of state, primarily performing ceremonial duties, while the Prime Minister, as the head of government, holds actual executive authority. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. The President is elected by the legislature for a five-year term and normally exercises limited powers, which are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government to oversee the transition to a new administration. Bangladesh has a unique system for the transfer of power: at the end of a government’s term, authority is temporarily handed over to a non-partisan caretaker government, drawn from civil society, for three months to conduct general elections and transfer power to the newly elected representatives. This system was first practiced in 1991 and was incorporated into the Constitution through the 14th Amendment in 1996. [5]

As head of state, the President has the power to grant pardons, commute death sentences, or reduce punishments. In certain circumstances, the President also performs limited legislative and judicial functions as provided by the Constitution.

Head of government

The Prime Minister is the head of government of Bangladesh. In accordance with Article 56(3) of the Constitution, the Prime Minister is ceremonially appointed by the President from among the members of parliament who, in the President’s opinion, command the support of the majority of members.

The cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister, consists of selected ministers who collectively exercise executive authority under the Constitution. As head of government, the Prime Minister holds the supreme executive power and directs the overall governance of Bangladesh.

Cabinet and ministries

The executive branch of the Government of Bangladesh administers the state and implements laws enacted by the Jatiya Sangsad. It is responsible for maintaining internal law and order, conducting foreign relations, and protecting the defence, independence, and sovereignty of the country.

The Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister and consists of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. According to the Constitution of Bangladesh, all members of the Cabinet must be members of the Jatiya Sangsad, or they must be elected to the Parliament within six months after their appointment.

Each ministry is led politically by a Minister and administered by a Secretary, a senior civil servant who oversees policy implementation and manages the overall operation of the ministry and its subordinate divisions.

Ministries of the Government of Bangladesh
#MinistryDepartments/Divisions
1 Ministry of Defence Armed Forces Division; Other defence agencies
2 Ministry of Home Affairs Public Security Division; Security Services Division
3 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Political Affairs; Multilateral & Bilateral Wings
4 Ministry of Education Secondary & Higher Education Division; Technical & Madrasa Education Division
5 Ministry of Finance Finance Division; Internal Resources Division; ERD; Financial Institutions Division
6 Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Legislative & Parliamentary Affairs Division; Law & Justice Division
7 Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives LGRD Division; Rural Development & Co-operatives Division
8 Ministry of Public Administration Civil Service Administration; Field administration
9 Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology ICT Division; Posts & Telecommunications Division
10 Ministry of Industries BOI; BSTI; BSCIC; BCIC
11 Ministry of Housing and Public Works Public Works Department; Urban development authorities
12 Ministry of Youth and Sports Sports federations and youth agencies
13 Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment BMET; BOESL
14 Ministry of Religious Affairs Hajj Office; Waqf Administrator; Islamic Foundation; Hindu, Buddhist and Christian Welfare Trust
15 Ministry of Agriculture DAE; BADC; Agricultural bodies
16 Ministry of Science and Technology Atomic Energy Commission; NSTD
17 Ministry of Commerce Trade organizations; Tariff Commissions
18 Ministry of Textiles and Jute BJMC; BJRI; Jute Development Boards
19 Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism CAAB; Biman Bangladesh Airlines; Tourism Board
20 Ministry of Primary and Mass Education Primary education and mass education agencies
21 Ministry of Food Food Distribution Department
22 Ministry of Land Land Administration; Land Records & Surveys
23 Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources Power Division; Energy & Mineral Resources Division
24 Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges Road Transport & Highways Division; Bridges Division
25 Ministry of Railways Bangladesh Railway
26 Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs CHT Affairs Boards
27 Ministry of Social Welfare Social Service Department
28 Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Women and Child Development Agencies
29 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Health Services Division; Medical Education & Family Welfare Division
30 Ministry of Planning Planning Commission; Statistics Division
31 Ministry of Cultural Affairs National Museum; Bangla Academy
32 Ministry of Liberation War Affairs Freedom Fighter welfare agencies
33 Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Disaster Management Department
34 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Department of Environment; Forest Department
35 Ministry of Water Resources BWDB; Water authorities
36 Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Fisheries Department; Livestock Services
37 Ministry of Labour and Employment Labour regulation bodies; Skills agencies
38 Ministry of Shipping CPA; MPA; BIWTA; BIWTC
39 Ministry of Information and Broadcasting BTV; Bangladesh Betar; PID; BFDC

Agencies

The executive calculates the income and expenditure of the government. It also performs various public welfare services such as; education, agriculture, establishment of industry, trade and commerce, land reform, tax and revenue collection. Beside this, it also accepts and implements various development projects.

Government in parliament

The legislature of Bangladesh is unicameral. Called the Jatiya Sangsad in Bengali, it is the parliament of Bangladesh. The speaker presides over meetings of the Jatiya Sangsad and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. The current Jatiya Sangsad contains 350 seats, including 50 seats reserved exclusively for women and 300 seats for elected members, which are apportioned on elected party position in the parliament. The twelfth national parliamentary election was held on 7 January 2024. The recently resigned speaker is Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury, who was presiding over the tenth, eleventh and twelfth parliament. She is the first woman to have held this office.

Local government

At the local government level, the country is administratively structured into divisions, districts, subdistricts (upazilas), unions, and villages. The lowest level of local government representative are local officials of union council those who are elected at the union level election. All larger administrative units are run by members of the civil service.

Finance

Economy

Taxation

Annual budget

Issues

Corruption

See also

Notes

    References

    1. ↑ "Article 1". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    2. ↑ "Part VI: The Executive". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    3. ↑ "Part V: The Legislature". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    4. ↑ "Part VI: The Judiciary". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    5. ↑ 14th Amendment, Constitution of Bangladesh, 1996.
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