Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972, and has undergone seventeen amendments.
Iajuddin Ahmed was the President of Bangladesh, serving from 6 September 2002 until 12 February 2009. From late October 2006 to January 2007, he also served as Chief Advisor of the caretaker government. From October 2006 to early 2008, his responsibilities as president included the Defense Ministry of the caretaker government.
Begum Khaleda Zia is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the prime minister of Bangladesh from March 1991 to March 1996, and again from June 2001 to October 2006. She was the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and second female prime minister in the Muslim world, after Benazir Bhutto. She is the widow of one of the former presidents of Bangladesh, Ziaur Rahman. She is the chairperson and leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) since 1984, which was founded by her husband in 1978.
The president of Bangladesh, officially the president of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is the head of state of Bangladesh and commander-in-chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces.
The prime minister of Bangladesh, officially prime minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is the chief executive of the government of Bangladesh. The prime minister and the cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The prime minister is ceremonially appointed by the president of Bangladesh.
Supreme Court of Bangladesh is the highest court of law in Bangladesh. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division, and was created by Part VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the Chief Justice, Appellate Division Justices, and High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh. As of August 2024, there are 6 Justices in Appellate Division and 78 Justices in High Court Division.
2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2006th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 6th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 7th year of the 2000s decade.
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 29 December 2008. The two main parties in the election were the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by Khaleda Zia, and the Bangladesh Awami League Party, led by Sheikh Hasina. The Bangladesh Awami League Party formed a fourteen-party Grand Alliance including Ershad's Jatiya Party, while the BNP formed a four-party alliance which included the Islamist party Jamaat-e-Islami. The election was originally scheduled for January 2007, but it was postponed by a military-controlled caretaker government for an extended period of time.
The 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis began as a caretaker government (CTG) assumed power at the end of October 2006 following the end of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party administration. The BNP government increased the chief justice's retirement age in an unconstitutional way to bias the appointment of the head of the caretaker government. CTG manages the government during the interim 90-day period and parliamentary elections. Political conflict began with the alleged appointment of a Chief Adviser, a role which devolved to the President, Dr. Iajuddin Ahmed. The interim period was marked from the beginning by violent protests initiated by the Awami League named Logi Boitha Andolan, with 40 people killed and hundreds injured in the first month. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party had its own complaints about the process and the opposition.
Fakhruddin Ahmed is a Bangladeshi economist, civil servant, and a former governor of the Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank. He also served as the acting prime minister of Bangladesh.
The Chief Adviser is the title of both the head of the abolished caretaker government and the 2024 interim government of Bangladesh, who serves as the head of government during the transition period between one elected government and another. With powers roughly equivalent to those of the prime minister of an elected government, their executive power is limited by the constitution. The Chief Adviser leads an Advisory Committee comprising several advisers, all of them selected from among politically neutral individuals to be acceptable to all major political parties.
A caretaker government of Bangladesh, is an unelected interim government in Bangladesh tasked with organizing free and fair general elections. The Chief Adviser, the head of government in lieu of the Prime Minister, is appointed by the President. The Chief Advisor appoints other advisers, who act as ministers. The appointments are intended to be nonpartisan.
Moeen Uddin Ahmed is a former Bangladesh Army general and the 12th Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army from 15 June 2005 to 15 June 2009 with last one-year extension during the caretaker government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed. He has worked in Bangladesh High Commission in Islamabad, Pakistan as a Defence Attaché in the rank of brigadier, and previously served as a UN Peacekeeper in United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda as a colonel in 1995.
The history of Bangladesh (1971–present) refers to the period after the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
Anwarul Iqbal was an adviser of 2007–2009 interim caretaker government of Bangladesh. He was appointed as Local Government and Rural Development Minister & Labour Minister of the non-party interim caretaker government of Bangladesh on 17 January 2007 and remained in that post until elections were held two years later. Later he was given the charge of the Jute & Textile Ministry. He had the responsibility to head three ministries of the government of Bangladesh. He served as the 25th Inspector General of Bangladesh police. He went into voluntary retirement from the IGP post after he had been made officer on special duty and within few days he took charge as the adviser of the caretaker government headed by Fakhruddin Ahmed during the state of emergency in Bangladesh which was declared on 11 January 2007.
Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, also known as Mokhles Chowdhury, is a Bangladeshi journalist and editor. He served as Press Secretary of the President Iajuddin Ahmed. Mukhles Chowdhury performed as an advisor to the President Iajuddin Ahmed during the Caretaker Government established in October 2006.
Justice Mohammad Fazlul Haque was a former High Court judge of Bangladesh who served as the chief adviser of the non-partisan caretaker government of Bangladesh for one day in January 2007.
The Fakhruddin Ahmed ministry was the fourth caretaker ministry in the history of Bangladesh which was formed on 11 January 2007 under the leadership of Chief Adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed. The caretaker ministry was formed on the background of the 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis following a military coup, notoriously nicknamed "1/11" inspired by 9/11, led by General Moeen U Ahmed and the resignation of President Iajuddin Ahmed as the Chief Adviser. Ahmed appointed an team of thirteen advisers to form the government. During his tenure, many high-profile figures, most importantly the two dominant political party leaders Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina, were arrested as part of the emergency government's anticorruption crusade and its attempt to break the women's stranglehold on the country's politics. The attempt was controversially known as the "minus two" formula due to the aim being the exclusion of the two from further political participation.
Operation Dal-Bhat was an operation carried out by Bangladesh Rifles to provide grocery items to low income groups in Bangladesh. The operation was carried out during the Caretaker Government of Fakhruddin Ahmed. It was one of the main reasons behind the Bangladesh Rifles Mutiny of 2009. Colonel Mujibul Haque who was killed in the mutiny was in charge of the operation. The mutineers demanded their share of the profits from the operation.
Sufia Rahman is a former Health and Family Welfare Adviser of the government of Bangladesh. She served in the caretaker government of President Iajuddin Ahmed in 2006–2007. She is a consultant and chief advisor of Euro-Bangla Heart Hospital Ltd.
