Sayem ministry

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Sayem ministry
Flag of Bangladesh.svg
Interim government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
26 November 1975–12 June 1978
ASM Sayem.jpg
Chief Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
Date formed8 November 1975
Date dissolved29 June 1978
People and organisations
President Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
Ziaur Rahman (acting)
President's historyASM Sayem
Former Chief Justice of Bangladesh
(1972–75)
Ziaur Rahman
Chief of Staff of Bangladesh Army
(since 1975)
Chief Martial Law Administrator
(since 1976)
Vice-President Abdus Sattar
No. of ministers21
Total no. of members31
Member parties Military
Independent
Awami League
Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal
Status in legislatureDissolved
History
Election-
Outgoing election 1978 (presidential)
Predecessor Mostaq
Successor Zia

The Sayem ministry led what eventually became the first interim government in independent Bangladesh and an unofficial model for future interim regimes. It was formed on 8 November 1975, [1] following the assassination of Brig. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf on 7 November amid a nationwide soldier and public uprising against his 3 November coup d'état. [2] [3] After a three-day coup with support of some high-ranking officers and his Dhaka Brigade, [4] Mosharraf had forced Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, who, following the 15 August coup that assassinated the autocratic founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, [5] replaced him as President of Bangladesh with support of the mid-ranking assassin officers, to resign. [6] Chief Justice Sayem, with the constitutional requirement for the direct election of the president and role of the vice-president as acting president suspended by Mostaq under a martial law proclamation, [7] had been installed in his place. [6] [8] With Mosharraf's death the responsibility of CMLA (Chief Martial Law Administrator) fell on Sayem. [4]

Contents

Following the first-ever dissolution of the Jatiya Sangsad on 7 November, [9] the cabinet was initially set up as a military junta with the recently promoted armed forces chiefs, notably the chief of army staff war hero Ziaur Rahman, who had been usurped and put under house arrest by Mosharraf during the coup, [2] [10] as the CMLA's deputies. [4] [8] [10]

At Bangabhaban on 26 November 1975, the president administered oath to a newly formed council of advisers defacto headed by the junta. He promised a general election in February 1977 in a presidential speech addressed to the nation, [8] but in November 1976, with the country in a dire situation with no stability and security, indefinitely postponed it and relinquished his CMLA duty with Zia nominated to succeed. [4] [9] 5 months later on 21 April 1977, [9] [11] when Sayem retired on health grounds, [12] in the absence of a vice-president in office Zia decided to act as president. Forty days later he organised a nationwide presidential confidence referendum to legitimise his presidency. [9] [10] In June, the President's special assistant Abdus Sattar was promoted to the office of vice-president and on 9 December, the council of advisers was reorganised with three dismissals and seven new appointments. [9]

After coming to power, Zia immediately moved to restore law and order in the country by strengthening the police force, practically doubling its size and arranging for their proper training, as well as order in the armed forces and withdrew the ban on the newspapers inaugurating the free flow of news by making the information media free and without government interference. [4] [10] An ordinance allowing political parties to engage in open politics was promulgated reversing the ban imposed on them by Mujibur Rahman months prior to his assassination. [4] [10] Zia organised his own party in February 1978 called the Jatiyotabadi Gonotantrik Dol ("Nationalist Democratic Party"), or JaGoDol for short, and in the presidential election – the first direct election – that year, his candidacy was supported by his and five other parties of the nationalist "Jatiyatabadi Front". [13] He achieved a landslide victory against his wartime superior, retired commander-in-chief MAG Osmani, [10] whose candidacy was supported by the then-dominant Awami League and five other parties of the socialist "Ganatantrik Oikkya Jote ("Alliance of Democratic Unity")". [13]

The cabinet was dissolved on 29 June 1978, once Zia formed his provisional Council of Ministers before the pending general election scheduled to be held next year. [1]

Background

15 August 1975 coup d'état

This section is an excerpt from 15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état.[ edit ]
Grave of the victims at Banani Graveyard, Dhaka Banani Graveyard in Dhaka 02.jpg
Grave of the victims at Banani Graveyard, Dhaka

The military coup in Bangladesh on August 15 of 1975 was launched by mid-ranking army officers in order to assassinate founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, [14] [15] whose administration post-independence grew corrupt and reportedly authoritarian until he established a one-party state-based government led by the socialist party Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League. [16] [17] Mujib, along with his resident family members, were killed during the coup but was survived by his two then-expat daughters, one of them being future prime minister Sheikh Hasina. [18] [19] The officers were led by Capt. Abdul Majed, Maj. Syed Faruque Rahman, Maj. Khandaker Abdur Rashid and Maj. Shariful Haque Dalim. [18]

Immediately following the coup, one of Mujib's close associates and cabinet ministers Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, with support of the officers, took control of the government and declared himself President of Bangladesh. [20] Under martial law, he made a proclamation on 20 August to amend the constitution to omit the provision for the legal basis for one-party system. [21] He reportedly praised the assassin officers, calling them "Children of the Sun", and proclaimed the Indemnity Ordinance, which granted them immunity from prosecution. [22] [23]

3 November counter coup

This section is an excerpt from 3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état.[ edit ]
The 3 November coup d'état was a military coup in 1975 by Brig. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf against President Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad. It was the result of a power struggle between the regime of Mostaq Ahmad and the mid-ranking officers backing him, Capt. Abdul Majed, Maj. Syed Faruque Rahman, Maj. Khandaker Abdur Rashid and Maj. Shariful Haque Dalim, [24] and Mosharraf and the high-ranking officers supporting him, Col. Shafaat Jamil, Lt. Col. Abu Taher Mohammad Haider and Col. Khondkar Nazmul Huda. The high-ranking officers were worried about army discipline with "junior mutinous officers issuing orders from the presidential palace". With the coup, Mosharraf promoted himself to the rank of major general and the post of Chief of Army Staff after placing Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman under house arrest while the mid-ranking officers went on exile, as was agreed upon between the belligerents. The coup lasted 3 days, after which A. S. M. Sayem was installed as president while Mosharraf served as the Chief Martial Law Administrator.

7 November revolution

This section is an excerpt from National Revolution and Solidarity Day.[ edit ]
Soldiers being received by the public in 1975 Soldiers of the Biplobi Shainik Sangstha.png
Soldiers being received by the public in 1975
National Revolution and Solidarity Day (Bengali: জাতীয় বিপ্লব ও সংহতি দিবস ) is a commemorative and former public holiday celebrated in Bangladesh on November 7. [25] The day pays homage to the Sipahi-Janata revolution in 1975 by regular army soldiers of Dhaka Cantonment and the common masses that showed solidarity with them in support of the deposed government against a military coup. [25] [26] [27] The uprising, though organised by Lt. Col. (retd.) Abu Taher and his clandestine revolutionary socialist group of sepoy mutineers, the Biplobi Shainik Sangstha (BSS), to unsuccessfully create a socialist revolution, resulted in a counter coup. [28] In the backdrop of the 15 August coup against Sheikh Mujib, it ended the four-day long coup d'état to remove from power Mujib's replacement President Khondaker Mostaq and the mid-ranking anti-Mujib army officers backing him, Capt. Abdul Majed, Maj. Syed Faruque Rahman, Maj. Khandaker Abdur Rashid and Maj. Shariful Haque Dalim, organised by the pro-Mujib Brig. Gen. Khaled Mosharraf, who was assassinated in the aftermath. [25] [29] Meanwhile, the soldiers proceeded to release Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman, who was put under house arrest at the inception of the coup by Mosharraf. [29] [30]

Members

The following lists the president(s), the vice-president(s) and the special assistant(s) to the president: [1]

PortfolioMinisterTook officeLeft office
President's Office
President, CMLA (until 1976) and also in-charge of꞉6 November 197521 April 1977
President (acting), CMLA and also in-charge of꞉
Lt. Gen. Ziaur Rahman
21 April 197712 June 1978
Special Assistant to the President (until 1977)
Vice-president (since 1977) and also in-charge of: 		27 November 197529 June 1978
Women's Affairs Assistant to the President (until 1977)
Women's Affairs Adviser to the President (since 1977)		13 April 197629 June 1978

List of advisers

The following lists the advisers of the interim government: [1] [31]

PortfolioMinisterTook officeLeft office
Advisers to the Interim Government
Deputy CMLA (until 1976)
CMLA (since 1976) and also in-charge of Establishment Division
Adviser for꞉
Lt. Gen. Ziaur Rahman
8 November 197521 April 1977
Adviser for Communications 8 November 19759 December 1977
Adviser for Power, Water Resources and Flood Control 8 November 19759 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Education 26 November 197522 June 1977
22 June 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Jute 26 November 19755 August 1977
5 August 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Land Administration and Land Reform 26 November 19759 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives 9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Public Works and Urban Development 26 November 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Planning 26 November 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Health and Population Control 4 December 19758 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Relief and Rehabilitation 4 December 197529 June 1978
Adviser for Industries 23 January 197610 July 1977
10 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Manpower Development, Labour and Social Welfare 18 June 19768 December 1977
9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Agriculture and Forest 18 June 197629 June 1978
Adviser for Petroleum (and Mineral Resources since 1977) 6 September 197612 July 1977
12 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Food 6 September 197614 July 1977
14 July 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Civil Aviation and Tourism 9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Information and Broadcasting 18 September 197612 October 1977
12 October 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Commerce 27 December 197629 June 1978
Adviser for Foreign Affairs 25 March 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Textiles 28 June 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Railways, Roads, Bridges and Road Transport 9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Ports, Shipping and Inland Water Transport 9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Fisheries and Animal Husbandry 9 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Home Affairs 9 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Agriculture and Forest 9 December 197729 June 1978
Adviser for Posts, Telegraph and Telephone 30 December 197729 June 1978
Deputy Adviser for Health and Population Control 13 April 197829 June 1978

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Deputy CMLA

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "১৯৭১ সাল থেকে ০৭-০১-২০১৯ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি, উপ-রাষ্ট্রপতি, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও মন্ত্রিপরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দ এবং নির্দলীয় তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকারের প্রধান উপদেষ্টা ও উপদেষ্টা পরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দের দপ্তর বন্টনসহ নামের তালিকা।" (PDF). মন্ত্রিপরিষদ বিভাগ. Ministry Department, Government of Bangladesh. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
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