This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad | |
---|---|
খন্দকার মোশতাক আহমেদ | |
4th President of Bangladesh | |
In office 15 August 1975 –6 November 1975 | |
Preceded by | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
Succeeded by | Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem |
Personal details | |
Born | 27 February 1919 [1] Dashpara,Bengal,British India (now Comilla,Chittagong,Bangladesh) |
Died | 5 March 1996 77) Dhaka,Bangladesh | (aged
Political party | Awami League (1949–1975) |
Other political affiliations | All-India Muslim League (Before 1949) Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (1975-1996) |
Alma mater | University of Dhaka |
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed;27 February 1919 –5 March 1996) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the fourth president of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975,after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He was involved in the assassination of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975. He took on the role of president immediately after the assassination,praised the assassins as "sons of the sun" and put cabinet ministers loyal to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in jail. [2] [3]
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad was born in February 27,1919,into a Bengali Muslim family of Khondakars in the village of Dashpara in Daudkandi,Tipperah district (now Comilla District,Bangladesh). He completed his Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of Dhaka and entered politics in 1942. He was one of the founder joint secretaries of the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League. [3]
Ahmad was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly in 1954 as a candidate of the United Front. After the central government of Pakistan dissolved the United Front,Ahmad was jailed in 1954 along with other Bengali leaders. He was released in 1955 and elected the chief whip of the United Front parliamentary party.
In 1958,with the promulgation of martial law,he was arrested by the regime of Ayub Khan.
During the 6 Point Movement,Ahmad was again jailed in 1966. Following his release,Ahmad accompanied Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (then the most senior leader of the Awami League) to the all-parties conference called by Ayub Khan in Rawalpindi in 1969.
In 1970 he was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan. [3]
At the onset of the Bangladesh War of Independence and Mujib's arrest,Ahmad and other Awami League leaders gathered in Mujibnagar,Meherpur to form the Government of Bangladesh in exile. Syed Nazrul Islam served as the acting president while Mujib was declared president,Tajuddin Ahmad was appointed prime minister and Khondakar Mostaq Ahmed was made the foreign minister. [4] [5] In this capacity,Ahmad was to build international support for the cause of Bangladesh's independence. But his role as the Foreign Minister became controversial as he wanted a peaceful solution,remaining within Pakistan in line with the Six Point Charter of his leader Sheikh Mujib. He was sidelined after his maneuverings came to light,left out of a visit to the United Nations General Assembly and dismissed by Prime Minister Ahmad shortly before the end of the provisional government,when the war had already ended. He was replaced by Abdus Samad Azad. Zafrullah Chowdhury alleges that Ahmad did not act alone in this regard and that Awami League leaders were involved. [6]
After the liberation,Ahmad was appointed the Minister of Power,Irrigation and Flood Control in 1972 as part of the Second Sheikh Mujib cabinet. In 1973,he took charge of the Ministry of Commerce in the Third Sheikh Mujib cabinet. He was a member of the executive committee of Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL) which was formed in 1975. [3]
Sheikh Mujib and all members of his family,except his two daughters,who were in West Germany at the time,were assassinated by a group of army personnel on 15 August.
Ahmad immediately took control of the government,proclaiming himself President. [7] All three services chiefs were dismissed and replaced by next in line seniors. Major General Ziaur Rahman was appointed Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army,replacing K M Shafiullah. Air Vice Marshal A. K. Khandekar was replaced by AVM M G Ghulam Tawab. Mushtaq reportedly praised the plotters who killed Sheikh Mujibur Rahman calling them Shurjo Shontan (sons of the sun). [8] Mushtaq Ahmad also ordered the imprisonment of leaders Syed Nazrul Islam,Tajuddin Ahmad,A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman and Muhammad Mansur Ali. He replaced the national slogan of Joy Bangla with Bangladesh Zindabad slogan and changed the name Bangladesh Betar to 'Radio Bangladesh'. He proclaimed the Indemnity Ordinance,which granted immunity from prosecution to the assassins of Mujib. [3] Mujib's daughters Sheikh Hasina Wazed and Sheikh Rehana were barred from returning to Bangladesh from abroad. BAKSAL and pro-Mujib political groups were dissolved.
On 3 November,in what became infamously known as the "Jail Killing Day", [9] the four imprisoned leaders Tajuddin Ahmad,Syed Nazrul Islam,A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman,and Muhammad Mansur Ali,who had refused to co-operate with Mostaq, [10] were killed inside Dhaka Central Jail by a group of army officers on the instruction of President Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad. [11] However,Mushtaq Ahmad was ousted from power on 6 November following a coup on 3 November led by Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf and Colonel Shafat Jamil among others. [12]
Ahmad was imprisoned by Brigadier General Khaled Mosharraf [13] and later by the Ziaur Rahman administration until 1978. Upon his release,he formed Democratic League and attempted to resuscitate his political career,but to no avail. He spent his last years in Dhaka and died on 5 March 1996.
Ahmad was named in the investigation of the murder of Sheikh Mujib launched in 1996 by his daughter Sheikh Hasina,who had just won the national elections to become Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Hasina blamed Ahmad for her father's death. [14] Due to his death,he was not charged or tried. Historians and critics[ who? ] assert that Ahmad was one of the key plotters of Mujib's murder. He has been criticized by Bangladeshi liberal public for legitimizing political murders by protecting Mujib's killers.[ citation needed ]
Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic,whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments.
Syed Nazrul Islam was a Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. During the Bangladesh Liberation War,he was declared as the Vice President of Bangladesh by the Provisional Government. He served as the Acting President in the absence of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Tajuddin Ahmad was a Bangladeshi politician and statesman. He led the Provisional Government of Bangladesh as its prime minister during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 and is regarded as one of the most instrumental figures in the birth of Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL) (Bengali:বাংলাদেশকৃষকশ্রমিকআওয়ামীলীগ,English:Bangladesh Worker-Peasant's People's League;বাকশাল) was a political front comprising the Bangladesh Awami League,the Communist Party of Bangladesh,the National Awami Party (Muzaffar) and Bangladesh Jatiya League.
Syed Faruque Rahman was a coup member involved in toppling the Sheikh Mujib regime in Bangladesh. He was convicted and hanged on 28 January 2010 along with co-conspirators Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan,A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed,Mohiuddin Ahmed,and Mohammad Bazlul Huda in Dhaka Central Jail,Old Dhaka,for the murder of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,the founder and first President of Bangladesh. Syed Faruque Rahman and his close ally Khondaker Abdur Rashid were the chief organisers of the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975. He was 2IC of the 1st Bengal Lancers Regiment of the Bangladesh Army who led a group of junior army officers in-order to overthrew the regime of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and installed Khondaker Mushtaque Ahmed as President of Bangladesh.
The first president of Bangladesh,Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,and most of his family were killed during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his Dhanmondi 32 residence as part of a coup d'état. Minister of Commerce,Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad,immediately took control of the government and proclaimed himself president. The assassination marked the first direct military intervention in Bangladesh's civilian administration-centric politics. 15 August is National Mourning Day,an official national holiday in Bangladesh.
Mujibnagar,formerly known as Baidyanathtala (Boiddonathtola) and Bhoborpara,is a town in the Mujibnagar Upazila of Meherpur District in Khulna,Bangladesh. The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971,however,sworn in on 17 April 1971 in this place by the elected representatives of the Bengalees,that led the Bangladesh Liberation War,who were leading the guerrilla war for the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971. The place was renamed Mujibnagar by the proclamation of independence,in honour of then imprisoned Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,who had declared Bangladesh independent. The actual capital of the government while in exile was Calcutta. A memorial complex covering 20.10 acres (8.13 ha) has been built at the site where the ministers of that first government took their oaths.
Muhammad Mansur Ali was a Bangladeshi politician who was a close confidant of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,the founding leader of Bangladesh. A senior leader of the Awami League,Mansur also served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh in 1975.
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician,government minister and a leading member of the Awami League. A member of the Mujibnagar Government,Qamaruzzaman was murdered along with Syed Nazrul Islam,Muhammad Mansur Ali and Tajuddin Ahmed in the jail killings in Dhaka Central Jail on 3 November 1975 by a group of army officers on the instruction of President Mostaq.
Jail Killing Day is observed by the Awami League (AL) of Bangladesh and many other political organisations on 3 November every year. It commemorates the killing of four Awami League and national leaders:former vice-president Syed Nazrul Islam,former prime minister Tajuddin Ahmed and Captain (Rtd.) Mansur Ali,and former home minister A H M Quamruzzaman on this date in 1975.
The Provisional Government of Bangladesh,popularly known as the Mujibnagar Government;also known as the Bangladeshi government-in-exile,was a provisional government that was established following the declaration of independence of East Pakistan as Bangladesh on 10 April 1971. Headed by prime minister Tajuddin Ahmad,it was the supreme leadership of the Bangladeshi liberation movement,comprising a cabinet,a diplomatic corps,an assembly,an armed force,and a radio service. It operated as a government-in-exile from Kolkata.
Muhammad Yusuf Ali was a Bangladesh politician. He was the first minister for Education and Cultural Affairs in the first cabinet of Bangladesh.
S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury is a Bangladesh army officer who was convicted for the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,president of Bangladesh,and for involvement in the murder of four national leaders in the Jail Killing. He is currently a fugitive,hiding in Canada. The Canadian government has refused to extradite him,because he faces the death penalty in Bangladesh.
Mohammad Bazlul Huda was a Bangladeshi Army officer who was convicted of the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,president of Bangladesh. On 28 January 2010,Bazlul was hanged along with Syed Faruque Rahman,Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan,Mohiuddin Ahmed,and A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed in Old Dhaka Central Jail.
The 7 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état was a coup d'état launched by left-wing army personnel in collaboration with left-wing politicians from Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal. The coup resulted in the death of Major General Khaled Mosharraf,who only 3 days prior,led a coup against those involved in the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. During the coup,Ziaur Rahman was freed from house arrest,enabling him to seize power and become president.
Ahmed Sharful Hossain,also known as Shariful Islam,is a Bangladesh Army officer and a fugitive involved in the assassination of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the Jail Killing.
The 3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état was a military coup d'état led by Major General Khaled Mosharraf to remove the assassins of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from power.
Mohammad Kismat Hashem was a Bangladesh Army officer who was convicted for his role in the 1975 Jail Killing following the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,the President of Bangladesh.
Abdul Majed was a Bangladeshi military officer who was convicted for his role in the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,the founding president of Bangladesh.
The Jail Killing refers to the murder of four Awami League leaders in prison by the planners of army officers who launched the 15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état. The four were former President Syed Nazrul Islam,former prime ministers Tajuddin Ahmed and Muhammad Mansur Ali,and President of Awami League A. H. M Qamaruzzaman.
Khondakar also knew that the situation was bound to be grave once Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Kamaruzzaman and Mansur Ali were released ... Khondakar had them arrested under various pretexts shortly after Mujib's assassination, who remained in Dacca Jail. Khondakar ordered the assassination of the jailed four leaders.