Bangladeshi diaspora

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Bangladeshi diaspora
প্রবাসী বাংলাদেশী
Flag of Bangladesh.svg
Flag of Bangladesh
Map of the Bangladeshi Diaspora in the World.svg
Total population
7.5 million + [1] (est.)
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 2,116,192 (2022 census) [2]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  UAE 1,089,917 (2013) [3]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 900,000 (2017) [4]
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 680,242 (2018) [5]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 400,000 (2023) [6]
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 400,000 (2019) [7]
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 350,000 (2020) [8]
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 300,000 (2019) [9]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 213,000 (2023) [10]
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 160,000 (2020) [11]
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 150,000 (2020) [12]
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 150,000 (2020) [13]
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 150,000 (2020) [14]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 146,000 (2019) [15]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 120,000 [16]
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 80,000 [17]
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 80,000 [18]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 50,000 [4] [19]
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 40,000 (2022) [20]
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 30,000 [21]
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 36,000[ citation needed ]
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 25,000 [22] [23] [24] [25]
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 25,000 (2021) [26]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 25,000+ (2023) [27]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 22,000 (2020) [28]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 20,000 (2019) [29]
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 18,000 (2023) [30]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 20,000 (2020) [31]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 15,000 [32]
Flag of France.svg  France 14,400 [33]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 13,904 (2023) [34]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 7,000 [35]
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 6,000 [36]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 6,000 (2018) [18]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 5,000 (2018) [18]
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 3,300 [37]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 3,000 [38]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 27,000 [39]
Religion
67% follow Islam [40]
21% follow Hinduism [40]
Minorities follow Christianity, Buddhism

The Bangladeshi diaspora (Bengali : প্রবাসী বাংলাদেশী) are people of Bangladeshi birth, descent or origin who live outside of Bangladesh. First-generation migrants may have moved abroad from Bangladesh for various reasons including better living conditions, to escape poverty, to support their financial condition, or to send money back home to their families. The Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment estimates that, as of 2023 there are 5 million to 10 million Bangladeshis currently living abroad, one of the highest among the top 176 countries of origin for international migrants. [41] [ citation needed ] Annual remittances transferred to Bangladesh were almost $23 billion in 2023, the seventh highest in the world [42] and the third highest in South Asia. [43] By the end of December 2024, the total amount of remittance received from oversees Bangladeshis between January 1st to December 31st stood over $26 billion. [44]

Contents

The largest Bangladeshi diaspora population is in Saudi Arabia. There are also significant migrant communities in various Arab states of the Persian Gulf, particularly the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Oman, where Bangladeshis are mainly classified as foreign workers. [45] The United Kingdom is home to the largest Bangladeshi community in Europe. [46] British Bangladeshis are mainly concentrated in London boroughs such as (Tower Hamlets and Newham); the migration to Britain is mainly attributed with chain migration from the Sylhet Division. In addition to the UK and the Middle East, Bangladeshis also have a significant presence in the United States. [47] Other countries where there are significant Bangladeshi communities include Malaysia, South Africa, Singapore, Italy, Canada, and Australia. The majority of the Bangladeshi diaspora are Muslim, with a significant Hindu minority.

Bangladeshi diaspora movements and settlements abroad have divergent histories and challenges, with the diaspora in the Gulf Cooperation Council states focused on ensuring continuous labor migration flows and reducing labor-related abuses, while in the US and UK, a major challenge is the growing intergenerational divides. [48]

South Asia

India

Maldives

According to the Maldivian foreign ministry; some 50,000 Bangladeshi were working in there in 2011, a nation of only around 400,000 people, with a third having no valid documents or registration. [49]

Pakistan

Middle East

Bangladeshis in the Middle East form the largest part of the worldwide Bangladeshi diaspora. Between 2.3 million and 2.9 million live within the Middle East.

More than two million are in Saudi Arabia. [50] The United Arab Emirates is home to 706,000. [51] Oman has about 680,242 Bangladeshis as of 2018. [52] There is a Bangladeshi school in the city of Muscat, in Oman, called Bangladesh School Muscat.[ citation needed ] Qatar has about 400,000 Bangladeshis as of 2019. [53] There is a Bangladeshi school in Doha called Bangladesh MHM School & College. Bangladeshis in Qatar make more than 14% of the Qatar population.[ citation needed ] Kuwait has about 350,000 Bangladeshis as of 2020. [54] Bahrain has about 180,000 Bangladeshis as of 2017. [55]

Saudi Arabia

The introduction of Islam to the Bengali people has generated a connection to the Arabian Peninsula, as Muslims are required to visit the land once in their lifetime to complete the Hajj pilgrimage. Several Bengali sultans funded Islamic institutions in the Hejaz, which popularly became known by the Arabs as Bangali Madaris. It is unknown when Bengalis began settling in Arab lands though an early example is that of Haji Shariatullah's teacher Mawlana Murad, who was permanently residing in the city of Mecca in the early 1800s. [56] There are about three major Bangladeshi schools in Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam.[ citation needed ]

United Arab Emirates

There are 706,000 Bangladeshis residing in the United Arab Emirates as of 2020. [51] There is one Bangladeshi school in UAE called Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Bangladesh Islamia School in Abu Dhabi. Bangladeshis make up around 7% of the UAE population and are 4th largest community in the UAE.[ citation needed ]

East and Southeast Asia

Malaysia

The Bangladeshi population in Malaysia is 400,000 as of 2023.

South Korea

In South Korea, there are more than 12,678 Bangladeshi foreign workers in the country as of 2013. [57] A few of them include illegal immigrants. The 2009 Korean film Bandhobi , directed by Sin Dong-il, depicts a Bangladeshi migrant in South Korea. [58]

Japan

Bangladeshis in Japan (在日バングラデシュ人, Zainichi Banguradeshujin) form one of the smaller populations of foreigners in Japan. As of 2010, Japan's Ministry of Justice recorded 10,175 Bangladeshi nationals among the total population of registered foreigners in Japan. [59]

Western world

United States

The census in 2000 found up to 95,300 were born in Bangladesh. It was until the 1990s when Bangladeshis, many from Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet, started to move to the United States, and settled in urban areas such as New York, Paterson in New Jersey, Philadelphia, Atlantic City, New Jersey, Washington D.C., and Los Angeles. Although recent findings claim that Bangladeshis started arriving during the late 19th centuries from the southern part of current Bangladesh. In some parts of Queens and Manhattan in New York City, there are Bangladeshi restaurant owners of Indian restaurants, Pakistani restaurants, and Bangladeshi restaurants. [60] [61] The Baishakhi Mela celebration of the Bengali New Year is also held by the Bangladeshi American communities in New York, Paterson, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Atlantic Cityand other cities annually. The street of 3rd Street, Los Angeles has a large history of Bangladeshis and has officially been dubbed as "Little Bangladesh". In "Little Bangladesh", Bengali Muslims arrange Chaand Raat celebrations by performing classic, lively Bengali folk songs with the crowds singing along and selling Fuskas (a Bangladeshi street snack of fried semolina dough filled with spicy chickpeas, potatoes and toppings). [62] However, some Bangladeshis residing in New York have settled in newer areas, such as Hamtramck, Michigan, Buffalo, New York, Paterson, New Jersey, and many other nearby states due to lower living costs and better job opportunities. Many Bangladeshis in New York City are often Taxi Drivers, Fast-Food Chain Workers, Restaurant Workers, software developer, computer scientists, medical doctors, attorneys, accountants, business owners, company CEO etc. In Atlantic City many work in casinos.[ citation needed ]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2018 American Community Survey, there were 213,372 people of Bangladeshi origin living in the US. [47]

Canada

Bangladeshi Canadian refers to a person of Bangladeshi background born in Canada or a Bangladeshi that has migrated to Canada. Before 1971 about 150 Bengali people came to Canada as East Pakistani. The main influx of migration of Bangladeshis started in the early 1980s. Back in 1988, about 700 Bangladeshi families lived in Toronto, though about another 900 families were living in Montreal. Now, Toronto has a sizeable Bangladeshi community significantly larger than Montreal's, with over 50,000 in the city proper and over 65,000 in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto's eastern boroughs of East York and Scarborough on Danforth Avenue have a sizable Bangladeshi population. The area around Danforth east and west of Victoria Park Avenue has many Bangladeshi stores and restaurants. The Crescent Town neighbourhood just north of Danforth, which consists of many high-rise apartment buildings, has primarily a Bengali population. In 2019, a petition was started to rename Danforth Avenue, or at least a part of it, to Bangladesh Avenue. This request was made to honour the large Bangladeshi community that was established there. In July 2023, the City of Toronto officially designated Danforth Avenue, between Pharmacy Avenue and Main Street as "Banglatown". Under the Investor Category, about 100 families moved to Canada since 2015.

Australia

Bangladeshis in Australia are one of the smallest immigrant communities living in Australia.[ citation needed ] There are around 41,000 Bangladeshis in Australia. [63] The largest Bangladeshi communities are mainly present in the states of New South Wales and Victoria, with large concentrations in the cities of Sydney and Melbourne.[ citation needed ]

Brazil

Bangladeshis started arriving in Brazil in the 1980s. There are around 2,000 people of Bangladeshi origin in Brazil with most of them living in São Paulo as of 2021. Bangladeshi nationals, who live in Brazil, mainly depend on fabrics, clothing and garment trade. But many are service holders and some work in poultry farms, grocery shops and restaurants. [64]

Europe

United Kingdom

Brick Lane has become the centre of London's Banglatown Brick Lane street signs.JPG
Brick Lane has become the centre of London's Banglatown

Earliest records of Bengalis in the European continent date back to the reign of King George III of England during the 18th century. One such example is of James Achilles Kirkpatrick's hookah-bardar (hookah servant/preparer) who was said to have robbed and cheated Kirkpatrick, making his way to England and stylising himself as the Prince of Sylhet. The man was waited upon by the Prime Minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger, and then dined with the Duke of York before presenting himself in front of the King. [65] Mass migration started since the days of the British Raj, where lascars from Sylhet were often sent to the United Kingdom. Some of these lascars lived in the United Kingdom in port cities, and even married British women. Since then, mass migration has occurred, specifically from Sylhet. Today, the British Bangladeshis are a naturalised community in the United Kingdom, running 90% of all South Asian cuisine restaurants and having established numerous ethnic enclaves across the country – most prominent of which is Banglatown in East London. [66]

The street of Brick Lane in East London, has a large history of Bangladeshis and has officially been dubbed as "Banglatown", and has hundreds of "Indian" restaurants nearly all owned by Sylheti Bangladeshis. Many British Bangladeshis have made their presence in the UK, often becoming doctors, engineers, and lawyers, but also many have become politicians for the Labour party, such as Rushanara Ali, and Tulip Siddiq, as well as London Borough Mayors, such as Lutfur Rahman and Nasim Ali.

Italy

Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant populations in Italy. [67] As of 2022, there were 150,692 Bangladeshis in Italy. [68] Most of the Bangladeshis in Italy are based in Lazio, Lombardy and Veneto with large concentrations in Rome, Milan and Venice.[ citation needed ]

See also

Notes

    Further reading

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhaka</span> Capital and largest city of Bangladesh

    Dhaka, formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is the ninth-largest and seventh-most densely populated city in the world with a density of 23,234 people per square kilometre within a total area of approximately 300 square kilometres. Dhaka is a megacity, and has a population of 10.2 million residents as of 2024, and a population of over 23.9 million residents in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. It is widely considered to be the most densely populated built-up urban area in the world. Dhaka is an important cultural, economic, and scientific hub of Eastern South Asia, as well as a major Muslim-majority city. Dhaka ranks third in South Asia and 39th in the world in terms of GDP. Lying on the Ganges Delta, it is bounded by the Buriganga, Turag, Dhaleshwari and Shitalakshya rivers. Dhaka is also the largest Bengali-speaking city in the world.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Bangladesh</span>

    Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. As per the final results of the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911. Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sylheti language</span> Indo-Aryan language spoken in Bangladesh and India

    Sylheti is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by an estimated 11 million people, primarily in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, Barak Valley of Assam, and northern parts of Tripura in India. Besides, there are substantial numbers of Sylheti speakers in the Indian states of Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland. as well as diaspora communities in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and the Middle East.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sylhet Division</span> Division of Bangladesh

    Sylhet Division ; is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively, and by the divisions of Chittagong to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sylhet</span> Metropolis in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh

    Sylhet is a metropolitan city located in the northeastern region of Bangladesh. It is the administrative center of the Sylhet District and the Sylhet Division. It is situated on the banks of the Surma River. Sylhet is the fifth-largest city in Bangladesh, with a population of 999,374 people as of 2024.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladeshi cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Bangladesh

    Bangladeshi cuisine has been shaped by the region's history and river-line geography. Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate. The staple of Bangladesh is rice and fish. The majority of Bangladeshi people are ethnic Bengali, accustomed to Bengali cuisine, with a minority of non-Bengalis, many used to cuisines from different traditions and regions.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Bengalis</span> Ethnic group native to Bangladesh and India

    Bengalis, also rendered as endonym Bangalee, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia. The population is divided between the sovereign country Bangladesh and the Indian regions of West Bengal, Tripura, Barak Valley, Goalpara, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and parts of Meghalaya, Manipur and Jharkhand. Most speak Bengali, a classical language from the Indo-Aryan language family. Sub-section 2 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Bangladesh states, "The people of Bangladesh shall be known as Bengalis as a nation and as Bangladeshis as citizens."

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jagannathpur Upazila</span> Upazila of Bangladesh

    Jagannathpur (Bengali: জগন্নাথপুর, is an upazila located in the northeast of the district of Sunamganj and in the middle of the division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is bordered by Chhatak and Dakshin Sunamganj to the north, Bishwanath and Osmani Nagar to the east, Derai to the west, and Nabiganj to the south.

    Bangladeshis in Malaysia are members of the Bangladesh diaspora who currently reside in Malaysia. Bangladeshis in Malaysia form a large proportion of Malaysia's foreign labour force. Their population was estimated to total 221,000 persons, roughly one-eighth of all the foreign workers in Malaysia as of 2017. In early 2016, a controversial agreement by Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was signed to send a total of 1.5 million Bangladeshi workers in stages for 3 years to Malaysia. This decision was met with criticism from both individuals in government and the general Malaysian public and was quickly revoked.

    Bangladeshis in Japan form one of the smaller populations of foreigners in Japan. As of in June 2023, Japan's Ministry of Justice recorded 24,940 Bangladeshi nationals among the total population of registered foreigners in Japan.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">British Bangladeshis</span> Citizens of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in Bangladesh

    British Bangladeshis are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots are from Bangladesh. Bengali Muslims have prominently been migrating to the UK since World War II. Migration reached its peak during the 1970s, with most originating from the Sylhet Division. The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as Tower Hamlets. This large diaspora in London leads people in Sylhet to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londonis.

    British Bangladeshis are people who arrived from Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, and throughout the years have started to create new businesses throughout the country, especially in Brick Lane, where there are many Bangladeshi restaurants. Bangladeshis were the first to have started the curry industry in the UK, from small businesses. The curry is now regarded as Britain's National dish. Many others also own supermarket stores specialising in Bangladeshi products, and also in the media, the main Bengali channels - Bangla TV and Channel S.

    Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates include expatriates from Pakistan who have settled in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with a population of over 1.5 million, Pakistanis are the second largest national group in the UAE after Indians, constituting 12.5% of the country's total population. They are the third largest overseas Pakistani community, behind the Pakistani diaspora in Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. The population is diverse and consists of people from all over Pakistan, including Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA, Balochistan, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan. The majority of Pakistanis are Muslim, with significant minorities of Christians, Hindus and other religions. The majority are found in Dubai and Abu Dhabi respectively, while a significant population is spread out in Sharjah and the remaining Northern Emirates. Dubai alone accounts for a Pakistani population of 400,000.

    Angura Muhammadpur is a village in Beanibazar Upazila of Sylhet District, Bangladesh. The village, also known by its nickname Maodpur, is situated in the 3rd Ward of the Kurarbazar Union Council. Angura Mohammad Pur is renowned for its privately funded madrasa, a notable landmark in Sylhet District, called Jamia Madania Angura Muhammadpur Madrasa. This institution is supported by both local villagers and expatriates. The village is geographically divided by the Kushiyara River and the Khoroti Canal. A significant number of residents have emigrated to Europe, the United States, and the Middle East. The village has a population of 2,134.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladeshis</span> Citizens of the country of Bangladesh

    Bangladeshis are the citizens and nationals of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centred on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay.

    The Bengali Hindu diaspora is the worldwide population of the Bengali Hindus of Indian and Bangladeshi origin.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sylhetis</span> Indo-Aryan ethnocultural group

    The Sylheti or Sylhetis are an Indo-Aryan ethnocultural group, that are associated with the Sylhet region. There are strong diasporic communities in Barak Valley of Assam, India, North Tripura, Shillong, Meghalaya, and Hojai, Central Assam. Outside South Asia, there are significant numbers in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Sylhet Division</span>

    The economy of Sylhet is the 5th largest in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It has a gross state product of $16 billion in nominal terms, and $40 billion in terms of purchasing power parity, making it the third largest behind Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi. Since the formation of Bangladesh, Sylhet has been regarded as the spiritual and cultural center of the country, and often termed as the agricultural capital of Bangladesh. Due to vast natural resources and emerging metropolitan, Sylhet is a major economic hub of the country alongside Dhaka and Chittagong. In recent years, Sylhet is experiencing major infrastructural developments, and projected to be the forefront of Bangladesh's economic growth. Sylhet is known for its tea plantations. About 80% of the country's agar processing factories are located in Barlekha Upazila.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh–Maldives relations</span> Bilateral relations

    Bangladesh and Maldives established diplomatic relations in 1978.

    Ayub Ali Master, was an early British Bangladeshi social reformer, politician and entrepreneur. He is notable for pioneering social welfare work for many early British Asians. He established a boardinghouse known as "Number 13" in his home which provided many facilities for British Asians. He is one of the earliest of Sylhetis to arrive in the United Kingdom, now hosting one of the largest Bangladeshi diaspora communities outside of Bangladesh and due to this, he was amongst the famous household names in the Sylhet region during his time referred to as the brave jahazis (sailors). His family is also notable as entrepreneurs and businessmen.

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    60. ↑ "South Asian eateries in U.S. distinguishing cuisine from 'Indian food' umbrella". NBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
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    62. ↑ Hasan, Sadiba (21 April 2023). "South Asian Muslims Herald Eid al-Fitr with a Night of Communal Revelry". The New York Times.
    63. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics. "People in Australia who were born in Bangladesh". Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
    64. ↑ Mahmud, Ezaz (19 May 2021). "Livelihoods of Bangladeshis at stake in Covid-19 hit Brazil". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
    65. ↑ Colebrooke, Thomas Edward (1884). "First Start in Diplomacy". Life of the Honourable Mountstuart Elphinstone. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN   9781108097222.
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    67. ↑ Cuopo, Diego (June 2017). "Explaining the Bangladeshi migrant surge into Italy". The New Humanitarian.
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