West Asian Canadians

Last updated
West Asian Canadians
West Asian Canadian population by province.svg
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern Canadians as percent of population by province/territory
Total population
  • 1,011,145 [1]
  • 2.9% of the total Canadian population (2016)
Regions with significant populations
Toronto, Richmond Hill, Vaughan, Vancouver, Coquitlam
Languages
Religion
Related ethnic groups
Middle Eastern Canadians  · Arab Canadians  · Asian Canadians

West Asian Canadians, officially known as West Central Asian and Middle Eastern Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to West Asia and Central Asia. The term West Asian Canadian is a subgroup of Asian Canadians and Middle Eastern Canadians. According to Statistics Canada, West Asian Canadians are considered visible minorities and can be further divided by nationality, such as Lebanese Canadian or Iranian Canadian.

Contents

As of 2016, 1,011,145 Canadians had West and Central Asian geographical origins, constituting 2.9% of the Canadian population and 16.6% of Canada's Asian Canadian population.

Terminology

In the Canadian census, people with geographical origins or ancestry in West Asia (e.g. Arab Canadians, Armenian Canadians, Kurdish Canadians, Iranian Canadians, Turkish Canadians) and Central Asia (e.g. Afghan Canadians, Kazakh Canadians, Uzbek Canadians) are classified as West Asian, officially as West Central Asian and Middle Eastern. [3]

History

  • West & Central Asian Canadian
  • Population History
YearPop.±%
2001483,415    
2006652,645+35.0%
2011778,465+19.3%
20161,011,150+29.9%

19th century

People from what are now Lebanon and Syria started immigrating to Canada during the late 19th century; the Ottoman province of Syria at that time covered the entire Levant, so they were called either Turks or "Syrian−Lebanese" on census reports. Settling in the Montreal area of southern Quebec, they became the first West Asian group to immigrate to Canada. [8] The first Lebanese immigrant to Canada was Abraham Bounadere (Ibrahim Abu Nadir) from Zahlé in Lebanon who settled in Montreal in 1882. [9] Because of situations within Lebanon and restrictive Canadian laws these immigrants were 90% Christian. These immigrants were mostly economic migrants seeking greater prosperity in the New World.

Similar to late 19th century through early 20th century Lebanese immigration and settler patterns, while the vast majority of Syrians migrated to South America, a small percentage made their way to the United States, and an even smaller percentage settled in Canada. Once again, in a similar demographic to early Lebanese settlers to Canada, the overwhelming majority of Syrians who settled in Canada from the 1880s–1960s were of the Christian faith. The so-called Shepard of the lost flock, Saint Raphael Hawaweeny of Brooklyn, New York, came to Montreal in 1896 to help establish a Christian association called the Syrian Benevolent Society and then later on an Orthodox church in Montreal for the newly arrived Syrian faithful. [10]

West Asian settlement into Canada was also bolstered by early Armenian immigration during the late 19th century. The first Armenians migrated to Canada in the 1880s. The first recorded Armenian to settle in Canada was a man named Garabed Nergarian, who came to Port Hope, Ontario in 1887. [11] [12] Some 37 Armenians settled in Canada in 1892 and 100 in 1895. Most early Armenian migrants to Canada were men who were seeking employment. After the Hamidian massacres of mid-1890s Armenian families from the Ottoman Empire began settling in Canada.

20th century

In 1901, Canada had between 300–400 Muslim residents, equally divided between Turks and Syrian Arabs. [13] Furthermore, the turn of the 20th century featured a small wave of Syrian−Lebanese settlement into the southern prairies including Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Contemporarily in Lebanon, many families were from what was western Syria at the time in particular settled in southern Saskatchewan. [14] A majority of the Syrian−Lebanese families settling in the prairies were of the Christian faith, with a minority adhering to Islam, mirroring earlier settler demographics in Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario. Prominent settlement occurred in communities such as Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and Lac La Biche, Alberta. [15] [16] [17] Few reached the Northwest Territories, the best known being Peter Baker, author of the book An Arctic Arab, and later elected as a member of the legislative assembly of the Northwest Territories. [18]

During the pre-World War I period, Turks were to be found in mining and logging camps across Canada. [19] However, due to bad relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies, further migration was made difficult for the Turks and the Canadian government discouraged "Asian" immigration. [19] With the Canadian Immigration Act of 1910, Turkish immigration to the Canada was banned. [20] With the onset of World War I, Turkish Canadians were placed in "enemy alien" internment camps. [21] Five days after the war began, on 10 November 1914, 98 Turks were deported and settled in Kingston and then in Kapuskasing. Their number increased over time. [22] They were not the only "enemy aliens" subjected to internment. More than 8,500 people were placed in 24 camps during the war. Of them, 205 were Turks. [23] [24]

Before the Armenian genocide of 1915 some 1,800 Armenians already lived in Canada. They were overwhelmingly from the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire and usually lived in industrial urban areas. The influx of Armenians to Canada was limited in the post-World War I era because Armenians were classified as Asians. [12] Nevertheless, some 1,500 genocide survivors—mostly women and children—came to Canada as refugees. [25] In 1923–1924, some 100 Armenians orphans aged 8–12, later known as the Georgetown Boys, were brought to Canada from Corfu, Greece by the Armenian Canadian Relief Fund to Georgetown, Ontario. [11] Dubbed "The Noble Experiment", it was Canada's first humanitarian act on an international scale. [12] The Georgetown Farmhouse (now the Cedarvale Community Centre) was designated historic and protected municipal site in 2010. [26] Overall, between 1900 and 1930 some 3,100 Armenians entered Canada, with 75% settling in Ontario and 20% in Quebec. [27] Some later moved to the United States; 1,577 Armenians entered the U.S. from Canada between 1899 and 1917. [12]

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 resulted in a spike of immigration to Canada from the West Asian country. [28] In the aftermath, many Iranian Canadians began to categorize themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian", mainly to dissociate themselves from the Islamic regime of Iran and the negativity associated with it, and also to distinguish themselves as being of Persian ethnicity. [29] [30]

Demography

Storefronts in North York offering Iranian cuisine. North York holds the largest population of West Asians in Toronto. Persian Plaza - Yonge Street - Toronto 2014.jpg
Storefronts in North York offering Iranian cuisine. North York holds the largest population of West Asians in Toronto.

Ethnic and national origins

West and Central Asian Canadians Demography by Ethnic and National Origins (2001−2016)
Ethnic/National
Origin
2016 [4] 2011 [5] 2006 [6] 2001 [7]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanese 219,555190,275165,150143,635
Flag of Iran.svg Iranian 210,405163,290121,50588,220
Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghan 83,99562,81548,09025,230
Flag of Syria.svg Syrian 77,04540,84031,37022,065
Flag of Iraq.svg Iraqi 70,92049,68029,95019,245
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkish 63,95555,43043,70024,910
Flag of Armenia.svg Armenian 63,81055,74050,50040,505
Flag of Palestine.svg Palestinian 44,82031,24523,97514,675
Flag of Israel.svg Israeli 28,73515,01010,7556,060
Flag of Kurdistan.svg Kurdish 16,31511,6859,2055,680
Flag of Jordan.svg Jordanian 14,2509,4256,9053,760
Assyrian 13,83010,8108,6506,980
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabian 6,8107,9552,7301,080
Flag of Yemen.svg Yemeni 6,6453,9452,3001,445
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijani 6,4254,5803,4651,445
Tatar 4,8252,8502,300875
Pashtun 4,8103,3151,6901,040
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgian 4,7753,1552,200970
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbek 3,9202,725N/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakh 3,3302,270N/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajik 2,9052,400N/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwaiti 2,2402,2401,575855
Uighur1,5551,155N/AN/AN/AN/A
Hazara1,520N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyz 1,055N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmen 1,040N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
  • Other
  • Arab
111,40594,64086,13571,705
  • Other
  • West & Central Asian
25,28016,54012,0758,805
  • Flag of Canada.svg Total West & Central
  • Asian Canadian Population
1,011,150778,465652,645483,415

Religion

Religious background of West Asian Canadians (2001)

   Islam (53%)
   Orthodox (11%)
   Catholic (8%)
   Irreligion (6%)
  Others (13%)

Geographical distribution

Provinces & territories

West Asian population by province or territory (2016)
Province / territory PopulationPercentage
Flag of Ontario.svg Ontario [31] 523,340
Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec [32] 240,795
Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia [33] 99,560
Flag of Alberta.svg Alberta [34] 97,355
Flag of Nova Scotia.svg Nova Scotia [35] 17,205
Flag of Manitoba.svg Manitoba [36] 11,850
Flag of Saskatchewan.svg Saskatchewan [37] 9,415
Flag of New Brunswick.svg New Brunswick [38] 6,835
Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador [39] 2,660
Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg Prince Edward Island [40] 1,625
Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg Northwest Territories [41] 215
Flag of Yukon.svg Yukon [42] 195
Flag of Nunavut.svg Nunavut [43] 100
Flag of Canada.svg Canada [1] 1,011,145

See also

Related Research Articles

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