Government of Singapore

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Government of Singapore
Overview
Established9 August 1965;59 years ago (1965-08-09)
State Republic of Singapore
Leader Prime Minister of Singapore
Appointed by President of Singapore
Main organ Cabinet of Singapore
Ministries 16
Responsible to Parliament of Singapore
Website www.gov.sg
Former Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the Istana on 3 June 2006 Lee Hsien Loong, June 3, 2006.jpg
Former Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the Istana on 3 June 2006

The Constitution defines the Government of Singapore as the President and the Cabinet of Singapore. The executive authority of Singapore is vested in the President and is exercisable by them or by the Cabinet of Singapore or any Minister authorised by the Cabinet. [34] However, the President normally plays a nominal and largely ceremonial role in the executive branch of government. Although the President acts in their own personal discretion in the exercise of certain functions as a check on the Cabinet and Parliament of Singapore, [35] they are otherwise required to act in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet. [36] It is the Cabinet that has the general direction and control of the Government. [37] As Singapore follows the Westminster system of government, the legislative agenda of Parliament is determined by the Cabinet. At the start of each new Parliamentary session, the President gives an address prepared by the Cabinet that outlines what the Cabinet intends to achieve in the session. [38]

Each parliament lasts for a maximum of five years from the date of its first sitting, [39] and once a parliament has been dissolved a general election must be held within three months. [40] Following a general election, the President appoints as Prime Minister an MP who, in their judgment, is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the MPs. [41] In practice, the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party holding the majority of the seats in Parliament. [42] The President also appoints other Ministers from among the MPs, acting in accordance with the Prime Minister's advice. [41]

Ministries and responsibilities of Ministers

The Prime Minister may, by giving written directions, charge any Minister with responsibility for any department or subject. [43] In practice, this is done by issuing notifications that are published in the Government Gazette. For instance, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Responsibility of Senior Minister and Co-ordinating Minister for National Security, Prime Minister's Office) Notification 2009 [44] states:

It is hereby notified for general information that, pursuant to Article 30(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, the Prime Minister has directed that Mr S. Jayakumar shall, with effect from 1st April 2009, be charged with the responsibility for the following matters:

(a) national security issues involving or affecting more than one Ministry;
(b) Chairmanship of the Security Policy Review Committee;
(c) foreign policy issues involving or affecting more than one Ministry; and
(d) foreign policy issues which involve legal negotiation or international adjudication,

and that he shall be designated as Senior Minister and Co-ordinating Minister for National Security.

Lim Hwee Hua, the first woman to be appointed a full minister to the Cabinet of Singapore, at the World Economic Forum on East Asia in Seoul, South Korea, on 19 June 2009. Lim was a Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Second Minister for Finance and Transport during the 11th Parliament. LimHweeHua-WEF-Seoul-20090619.jpg
Lim Hwee Hua, the first woman to be appointed a full minister to the Cabinet of Singapore, at the World Economic Forum on East Asia in Seoul, South Korea, on 19 June 2009. Lim was a Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Second Minister for Finance and Transport during the 11th Parliament.

Ministers may be designated by the Prime Minister to be in charge of particular ministries, or as Ministers in the Prime Minister's Office. Such Ministers were formerly known as Ministers without portfolio. The Prime Minister may retain any department or subject in their charge. [45] Some Ministers are appointed as Second Ministers for portfolios other than their own to assist the primary Minister in their duties. For instance, on 1 April 2009 during the 11th Parliament, Lim Hwee Hua, who was a Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, also held the posts of Second Minister for Finance and Second Minister for Transport. [46]

As of 8 July 2024, the ministries of the Government are the following: [47]

A ministry is usually composed of a headquarters and a number of departments, boards or other subordinate entities, and statutory boards. For instance, in May 2007 the Ministry of Law had three departments (the Chief Information Officer's Office, Insolvency and Public Trustee's Office and Legal Aid Bureau), three boards and tribunals (the Appeals Board for Land Acquisitions, Copyright Tribunal and Land Surveyors Board), and two statutory boards (the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore and Singapore Land Authority). [48] The Second Lawrence Wong Cabinet is composed of the following members. [49]

Government of Singapore
Chinese name
Chinese 新加坡政府
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Xīnjiāpō zhèngfǔ
Composition of the Cabinet [50]
PortfolioMinisterPortraitDate
Prime Minister Lawrence Wong Lawrence Wong 20230526.jpg 15 May 2024
Minister for Finance 15 May 2021
Deputy Prime Minister Gan Kim Yong Gan Kim Yong - 2022 (cropped).jpg 15 May 2024
Minister for Trade and Industry 15 May 2021
Senior Minister Lee Hsien Loong Lee Hsien Loong 2016 (cropped).jpg 15 May 2024
Minister for Defence Chan Chun Sing Chan Chun Sing profile pic.jpg 23 May 2025
Coordinating Minister for Public Services
Minister for Health Ong Ye Kung Ong Ye Kung at the 2018 G20 Education Ministerial Meeting.jpg 15 May 2021
Coordinating Minister for Social Policies 23 May 2025
Minister for Home Affairs K. Shanmugam K. Shanmugam in meeting with Iranian Parliament chairman Ali Larijani.jpg 1 October 2015
Coordinating Minister for National Security 23 May 2025
Minister for Foreign Affairs Vivian Balakrishnan Vivian Balakrishnan - 2010.jpg 1 October 2015
Minister for Law Edwin Charles Tong Chun Fai Edwin Tong 2019.jpg 23 May 2025
Second Minister for Home Affairs
Minister for Sustainability and the Environment Grace Fu Hai Yen Grace Fu (cropped).jpg 27 July 2020
Minister-in-charge of Trade Relations18 January 2024
Minister for Education Desmond Lee Desmond Lee at Bukit Brown Cemetery, Singapore - 20171118.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister-in-charge of Social Service Integration27 July 2020
Minister for Social and Family Development Masagos Zulkifli Minister Masagos Zulkifli.jpg 27 July 2020
Minister for National Development Chee Hong Tat SIN Chee Hong Tat at Caring Commuter Carnival 2023-11-04.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister for Digitial Development and Information Josephine Teo Josephine Teo at AI Summit at Bletchley Park 2023.jpg 15 May 2021
Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Indranee Thurai Rajah Indranee Rajah (4x5).jpg 1 May 2018
Second Minister for Finance
Second Minister for National Development 27 July 2020
Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth David Neo Chin Wee David Neo, 2025 (cropped).jpg 23 May 2025
Minister for Manpower Tan See Leng Dr-Tan-See-Leng.png 15 May 2021
Minister-in-charge of Energy, Science and Techology23 May 2025
Acting Minister for Transport Jeffrey Siow Chen Siang 23 May 2025
Acting Minister-in-Charge of Muslim Affairs Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim Faishal Ibrahim at GE2025 Nomination Day 20250423 125047.jpg 23 May 2025

Senior Ministers of State

Composition of the Cabinet
PortfolioMinisterPortraitDate
Senior Minister of State for Education David Neo Chin Wee David Neo, 2025 (cropped).jpg 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Finance Jeffrey Siow Chen Siang 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim Faishal Ibrahim at GE2025 Nomination Day 20250423 125047.jpg 27 July 2020
Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs Sim Ann Sim Ann 5 (cropped).jpg 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs15 May 2021
Senior Minister of State for Education Janil Puthucheary Janil Puthucheary.png 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment
Senior Minister of State for Health Koh Poh Koon Koh Poh Koon, 2024.png 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Manpower15 May 2021
Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment Zaqy Mohamad 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Defence27 July 2020
Senior Minister of State for Health Tan Kiat How Tan Kiat How, GE2025 (cropped).jpg 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Digital Development and Information13 June 2022
Senior Minister of State for Culture, Community and Youth Low Yen Ling (SGP-Singapore) Low Yen Ling at Hume MRT Station Opening 2025-02-28 - 1.jpg 15 May 2024
Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry
Senior Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office Desmond Tan 15 May 2024
Senior Minister of State for National Development Sun Xueling With a copy of a public submission on the National Conversations on SG Women Development.jpg 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Transport
Senior Minister of State for Transport Murali Pillai Murali Pillai (cropped).png 23 May 2025
Senior Minister of State for Law

Ministers of State

Composition of the Cabinet
PortfolioMinisterPortraitDate
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Gan Siow Huang Gan Siow Huang.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Trade and Industry
Minister of State for National Development Alvin Tan AlvinTanportrait.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Trade and Industry1 Sep 2020
Minister of State for Digital Development and Information Rahayu Mahzam 15 May 2024
Minister of State for Health
Minister of State for Transport Baey Yam Keng Baey Yam Keng 4 May 2024.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Culture, Community and Youth
Minister of State for Manpower Dinesh Vasu Dash Dinesh Vasu Dash, GE2025 (cropped).jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Culture, Community and Youth
Minister of State for Education Jasmin Lau 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Digital Development and Information
Minister of State for Defence Desmond Choo Desmond Choo.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Home Affairs Goh Pei Ming Goh Pei Ming leisure.jpg 23 May 2025
Minister of State for Social and Family Development

Senior Parliamentary Secretaries

Composition of the Cabinet
PortfolioMinisterPortraitDate
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Law Eric Chua Eric Chua.png 23 May 2025
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Social and Family Development13 June 2022
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Manpower Shawn Huang Shawn Huang.jpg 23 May 2025
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Finance15 May 2024
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Culture, Community and Youth Goh Hanyan 23 May 2025
Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Sustainability and the Environment

Other aspects of the Government

Ministers of State and Parliamentary Secretaries

As in the United Kingdom and in a number of Commonwealth countries, Members of Parliament (MPs) may be appointed as Ministers of State to aid Ministers in the performance of their functions. In addition, the Constitution provides that the President, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, may appoint Parliamentary Secretaries from among the MPs to assist Ministers in the discharge of their duties and functions. [51] Such office holders are not regarded as members of the Cabinet.

Where in any written law a Minister is empowered to exercise any power or perform any duty, he may, in the absence of any provision of law to the contrary, with the approval of the President and by notification in the Government Gazette, depute any person by name or the person for the time being discharging the duties of an office designated by him to exercise that power or perform that duty on behalf of the Minister subject to such conditions, exceptions and qualifications as the President may determine. [52] For instance, under the Delegation of Powers (Ministry of Law) (Consolidation) Notification, [53] the Senior Minister of State for Law is deputed to exercise certain powers of the Minister for Law under the Copyright Act, [54] Criminal Procedure Code, [55] Land Acquisition Act, [56] Land Surveyors Act, [57] and Pawnbrokers Act; [58] while the Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs is deputed the powers of the Minister for Home Affairs under regulation 157 of the Prisons Regulations [59] pursuant to the Delegation of Powers (Ministry of Home Affairs) (Consolidation) Notification. [60]

Statutory boards

A statutory board is an autonomous agency of the Government that is established by an Act of Parliament and overseen by a government ministry. The Act sets out the purposes, powers and rights of the agency. Unlike ministries and government departments that are subdivisions of ministries, statutory boards may not be staffed by civil servants [61] and have greater independence and flexibility in their operations. They are managed by boards of directors whose members usually include businessmen, professionals, senior civil servants and officials of trade unions. [62] The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), the Central Provident Fund Board (CPF), the Housing and Development Board (HDB), the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS), the Land Transport Authority (LTA), the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), the National Heritage Board (NHB), and the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) are all statutory boards.

The National Heritage Board is a statutory board of the Ministry of Digital Development and Information. They are both housed in the Old Hill Street Police Station, photographed here on 23 March 2005. MITA Building Singapore 02.jpg
The National Heritage Board is a statutory board of the Ministry of Digital Development and Information. They are both housed in the Old Hill Street Police Station, photographed here on 23 March 2005.

The National Heritage Board is an example of a typical statutory board. It was established on 1 August 1993 with the enactment of the National Heritage Board Act. [63] Section 3 of the Act states: "There shall be established a body to be known as the National Heritage Board which shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and shall, by that name, be capable of—(a) suing and being sued; (b) acquiring, owning, holding, developing and disposing of property, both movable and immovable; and (c) doing and suffering all such acts or things as bodies corporate may lawfully do or suffer." The functions of the Board are: [64]

The board is empowered to "do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of its functions". [65] Without prejudice to the generality of that provision, the Board also has power to, for example, develop and manage museums, archives, oral history centres and other facilities related to its functions; [66] to advise and facilitate the preservation of historic sites; [67] and to establish liaison with other museums, archives, oral history centres, universities and other institutions to secure maximum collaboration of all activities relevant to its functions. [68]

The board consists of a chairman, a deputy chairman, and not less than 10 nor more than 25 other members as the Minister for Digital Development and Information may from time to time determine. [69] The members of the board are appointed by the minister, [70] and hold office for such term as the minister may determine unless they resign during their term of office or their appointment is revoked by the minister. [71] The minister is not required to provide any reason for revoking the appointment of a board member. [72] The minister may, in consultation with the Board or otherwise, give the board directions as he thinks fit that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the act concerning the exercise and performance by the board of its functions, and the board is required to give effect to such directions. [73]

With the approval of the minister, the board is required to appoint a chief executive officer who is responsible to the Board for the proper administration and management of the Board's affairs in accordance with the policy laid down by the Board. [74] The board is entitled to appoint employees and officers on such terms as to remuneration or otherwise as it may determine, and to engage other persons and pay for their services as it considers necessary for carrying out its functions and duties. [75]

Community Development Councils and district mayors

The People's Association (PA) is a statutory board, the objects of which include the organisation and the promotion of group participation in social, cultural, educational and athletic activities for the people of Singapore in order that they may realise that they belong to a multiracial community, the interests of which transcend sectional loyalties; [76] and the establishment of institutions for the purpose of leadership training in order to instill in leaders a sense of national identity and a spirit of dedicated service to a multiracial community. [77]

There are five Community Development Councils (CDCs) appointed by the board of management of the PA for districts in Singapore, namely, the Central Singapore CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC, South East CDC and South West CDC. [78] The functions of a CDC include fostering community bonding and strengthening social cohesion amongst the people of Singapore; and advising the PA on matters affecting the well-being of residents in districts, the provision and use of public facilities and services within districts, and the use of public funds allocated to districts for community activities. [79]

Each CDC consists of a chairman and between 12 and 80 other members. [80] Where the number of residents in a district is not less than 150,000, the PA's board of management is empowered to designate the Chairman of a CDC to be the Mayor for the district that the CDC is appointed for. [81] As it is the practice for MPs to be appointed as Chairmen of CDCs, these MPs have also been designated as Mayors. As of 25 July 2020, the Mayors are:

DistrictMayor
Central Singapore Denise Phua
North East Desmond Choo
North West Alex Yam
South East Mohd Fahmi Aliman
South West Low Yen Ling
The names in bold are the surnames of Chinese persons, and the personal names of Indian and Malay persons.

Even if Mayors are required to vacate their seats in Parliament because Parliament has been dissolved or otherwise, they continue to hold office until their terms of office expire or they are directed to vacate their office by the PA's board of management. [82] As of January 2012, the Mayors are paid an annual salary of S$660,000 (US$486,500). [83]

See also

References

  1. Part V of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore ( 1985 Rev. Ed.,1999 Reprint ) is entitled "The Government". Chapter 1 of Part V deals with the President, and ch. 2 the Cabinet.
  2. By the Transfer of Singapore to East India Company, etc. Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 108) (UK).
  3. Pursuant to the Government of India Act 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 79) (UK).
  4. Kevin Y. L. Tan (2005), "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", in Kevin Y. L. Tan (ed.), Essays in Singapore Legal History, Singapore: Singapore Academy of Law & Marshall Cavendish Academic, pp. 30–31, ISBN   978-981-210-389-5 .
  5. By the Straits Settlements Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict., c. 115) (UK).
  6. Letters patent dated 17 November 1877.
  7. 1877 letters patent, Art. II.
  8. Richard Olaf Winstedt (1931), The Constitution of the Colony of the Straits Settlements and the Federated and Unfederated Malay States, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, p. 4.
  9. Tan, "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", pp. 36–39.
  10. "The Second World War : A military history". 2010.
  11. By the Singapore Order-in-Council 1946, S. R. & O., 1946, No. 462 (UK), dated 27 March 1946.
  12. Tan, "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", p. 43.
  13. By the Singapore Colony Order-in-Council 1955, S.I. 1955, No. 187 (UK).
  14. Yeo Kim Wah (1973), Political Development in Singapore, 1945–55, [Singapore]: Singapore University Press, p. 62.
  15. Tan, "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", pp. 44–47.
  16. C[onstance] M[ary] Turnbull (1977), A History of Singapore, 1819–1975, Kuala Lumpur; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, p. 263, ISBN   978-0-19-580354-9 .
  17. Turnbull, p. 264.
  18. 6 & 7 Eliz. 2. c. 59.
  19. Singapore (Constitution) Order-in-Council 1958, S.I. 1958, No. 156 (UK).
  20. Singapore (Constitution) Order-in-Council 1958 (UK), Art. 21.
  21. Singapore (Constitution) Order-in-Council 1958 (UK), Arts. 15–19.
  22. Tan, "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", pp. 47–48.
  23. Tan, "A Short Legal and Constitutional History of Singapore", p. 49.
  24. Constitution and Malaysia (Singapore Amendment) Act 1965 (No. 53 of 1965) (Malaysia), ss. 4 and 5.
  25. Constitution and Malaysia (Singapore Amendment) Act 1965 (Malaysia), s. 6.
  26. Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 Archived 7 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine (No. 9 of 1965) (1985 Rev. Ed.), s. 4.
  27. Kelley Bryan; Gail Davidson; Margaret Stanier (17 October 2007), Rule of Law in Singapore: Independence of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession in Singapore (PDF), Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada (reproduced on the Singapore Democratic Party website), archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2011, In the 1959 elections, the People's Action Party (PAP), led by Lee Kuan Yew, took power and formed the government. The PAP has won all eleven general elections since. In fact, in nearly fifty years, the PAP has never won less than 95 percent of the parliamentary seats, and in recent years a large number of PAP candidates have run unopposed. Detailed results of elections may be viewed on the website of the Elections Department of Singapore: see Parliamentary general elections results, Elections Department of Singapore, 26 March 2009, retrieved 9 June 2009.
  28. See, for example, Norman Flynn (2002), Moving to Outcome Budgeting: Paper Commissioned for the Finance Committee by the Scottish Parliament Research and Information Group [SP Paper 584], Edinburgh: Stationery Office, p. 5, para. 3.48, ISBN   978-0-338-40614-9, archived from the original on 21 June 2009, [The] Singapore ... government is recognised as a modern and progressive manager of the civil service and the economy.
  29. Corruption Perceptions Index 2010, Transparency International, 2010, pp. 2 & 9, archived from the original on 3 December 2010, retrieved 29 October 2010.
  30. "Singapore polls undemocratic, says opposition candidate", The Peninsula , 24 May 2006, archived from the original on 23 July 2009, retrieved 9 June 2009.
  31. See, for example, Simon Tisdall (14 April 2006), "Singapore's 'fear factor' fails to silence dissident", The Guardian .
  32. See, for example, the cases Jeyaretnam Joshua Benjamin v. Lee Kuan Yew [1990] S.L.R. [Singapore Law Reports] 38, Court of Appeal (C.A.); Jeyaretnam Joshua Benjamin v. Lee Kuan Yew [1992] 2 S.L.R. 310, C.A.; Goh Chok Tong v. Tang Liang Hong [1997] 2 S.L.R. 641, High Court (H.C.); Lee Kuan Yew v. Tang Liang Hong [1997] 3 S.L.R. 91, H.C.; Goh Chok Tong v. Jeyaretnam Joshua Benjamin [1998] 3 S.L.R. 337, C.A.; Lee Kuan Yew v. Chee Soon Juan (No.2) [2005] 1 S.L.R. 552, H.C.; Goh Chok Tong v. Chee Soon Juan (No. 2) [2005] 1 S.L.R. 573, H.C.; Lee Hsien Loong v. Singapore Democratic Party [2007] 1 S.L.R. 675, [2009] 1 S.L.R. 642, H.C.; and Lee Hsien Loong v. Review Publishing Co. Ltd. [2009] 1 S.L.R. 177, H.C. See also Michael Hor (1992), "The Freedom of Speech and Defamation", Singapore Journal of Legal Studies: 542; Tey Tsun Hang (2008), "Singapore's Jurisprudence of Political Defamation and its Triple-Whammy Impact on Political Speech", Public Law : 452.
  33. Newspaper and Printing Presses Act( Cap. 206,2002 Rev. Ed. ), ss. 24–28. See, for example, Re Dow Jones Publishing (Asia) Inc's Application [1988] S.L.R. 481, H.C.; and Dow Jones Publishing Co. (Asia) Inc. v Attorney-General [1989] S.L.R. 70, C.A.
  34. Constitution, Art. 23(1).
  35. See, generally, Art. 21(2) of the Singapore Constitution.
  36. Constitution, Art. 21(1).
  37. Constitution, Art. 24(2).
  38. Standing Orders of Parliament (as amended on 19 October 2004) (PDF), Parliament of Singapore, 19 October 2004, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2010, retrieved 25 May 2009, Orders 15(1) ("At the conclusion of the President's speech delivered at the opening of any session, Parliament shall stand adjourned without any question being put. The Leader of the House shall give two clear days' notice naming an ordinary sitting day, not less than two clear days after the day on which the speech was delivered, for the next sitting of Parliament, and Parliament shall sit on the day stated in such notice.") and 15(2) ("Such notice shall also give notice for such sitting day, of a motion to be moved by a Minister or other Member named by the Leader of the House that an Address expressing the thanks of Parliament for the speech of the President be agreed to. Debate thereon shall be confined to the policy of the Government as outlined in the speech."). See also Constitution, Art. 62: "The President may address Parliament and may send messages thereto."
  39. Constitution, Art. 65(4) ("Parliament, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue for 5 years from the date of its first sitting and shall then stand dissolved.")
  40. Constitution, Art. 66 ("There shall be a general election at such time, within 3 months after every dissolution of Parliament, as the President shall, by Proclamation in the Gazette, appoint.").
  41. 1 2 Constitution, Art. 25(1).
  42. Thio Li-ann (1999), "The Constitutional Framework of Powers", in Kevin Y L Tan (ed.), The Singapore Legal System (2nd ed.), Singapore: Singapore University Press, p. 67 at 84, ISBN   978-9971-69-213-1 .
  43. Constitution, Art. 30(1).
  44. S 142/2009.
  45. Constitution, Art. 30(2).
  46. "The PM's new cabinet" (PDF), The Straits Times, p. A8, 27 March 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2009.
  47. "ministries". Default. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  48. Our organisational structure, Ministry of Law, 3 May 2007, archived from the original on 12 June 2009, retrieved 10 June 2009.
  49. "S'pore Cabinet reshuffle 2025: Who's going where?". Mothership. 21 May 2025. Retrieved 21 May 2025.
  50. Government of Singapore (16 May 2024). "The Cabinet". Prime Minister's Office (Singapore) . Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  51. Constitution, Art. 31(1). The Article also states: "if an appointment is made while Parliament is dissolved, a person who was a Member of the last Parliament may be appointed a Parliamentary Secretary but shall not continue to hold office after the first sitting of the next Parliament unless he is a Member thereof".
  52. Interpretation Act( Cap. 1,2002 Rev. Ed. ), s. 36(1).
  53. Cap. 1, N 10, 2002 Rev Ed., as amended by the Delegation of Powers (Ministry of Law) Notification 2005 (S 438/2005) which took effect on 5 July 2005.
  54. Copyright Act( Cap. 63 ).
  55. Criminal Procedure Code( Cap. 68 ).
  56. Land Acquisition Act( Cap. 152 ).
  57. Land Surveyors Act( Cap. 156 ).
  58. Pawnbrokers Act( Cap. 222 ).
  59. Cap. 247, Rg. 2, 2002 Rev. Ed. Regulation 157 relates to the withdrawal or curtailment of prisoners' privileges in cases of abuse. Oddly, though, it does not specifically mention the Minister for Home Affairs. It may be that this is a typographical error, and that the Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs was intended to be delegated the power of the Minister under reg. 127, sub-reg. 10 of which provides that certain visits of or communications with prisoners are only permitted at the written order of the Minister or the Director of Prisons.
  60. Cap. 1, N 8, 2002 Rev Ed. Under the notification, specified powers of the Minister for Home Affairs are also deputed to various civil servants, including the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Director of the Central Narcotics Bureau, the Director of Prisons, the Commissioner of Police and the Controller of Immigration.
  61. Though civil servants may be seconded from a ministry or subdivision thereof to a statutory board.
  62. Barbara Leitch Lepoer, ed. (1989), "Statutory Boards", Singapore: A Country Study, Washington, D.C.: GPO for the Library of Congress, OCLC   227772061 .
  63. National Heritage Board Act( Cap. 196A,1994 Rev. Ed. ) ("NHB Act").
  64. NHB Act, s. 6.
  65. NHB Act, s. 7(1).
  66. NHB Act, s. 7(2)(a).
  67. NHB Act, s. 7(2)(c).
  68. NHB Act, s. 7(2)(g).
  69. NHB Act, s. 5.
  70. NHB Act, 1st Sch. ("Constitution and Proceedings of the Board"), para. 1(1).
  71. NHB Act, 1st Sch., paras. 2, 5 and 6.
  72. NHB Act, 1st Sch., para. 5.
  73. NHB Act, s. 10(1).
  74. NHB Act, ss. 28(1) and (2).
  75. NHB Act, s. 29.
  76. People's Association Act( Cap. 227,2000 Rev. Ed. ) ("PA Act"), s. 8(a).
  77. PA Act, s. 8(b).
  78. People's Association (Community Development Councils) Rules (Cap. 227, R 2, 1998 Rev. Ed.) ("PA (CDC) Rules"), rr. 3 and 4 and 1st Sch. See also Overview of CDC, People's Association, 5 July 2007, archived from the original on 17 December 2008, retrieved 15 May 2009.
  79. PA (CDC) Rules, rr. 14(1)(a) and (c).
  80. PA (CDC) Rules, r. 5(1).
  81. PA (CDC) Rules, r. 6.
  82. PA (CDC) Rules, r. 6(2).
  83. "Salaries for a Capable and Committed Government" (PDF). Public Service Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

Bibliography

Further reading