Tharman Shanmugaratnam

Last updated

His Excellency
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
PPA(E) PBM
தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம்
Tharman Shanmugaratnam Official photo 2023.tif
Official portrait, 2023
9th President of Singapore
Assumed office
14 September 2023
Preceded by Halimah Yacob
  • Politician
  • economist
Ministerial offices
Signature Tharman Shanmugaratnam signature.svg

Tharman Shanmugaratnam [lower-alpha 1] (born 25 February 1957), also known mononymously as Tharman, is a Singaporean politician and economist who has been serving as the ninth president of Singapore since 2023.

Contents

Prior to his presidency, Tharman served as Senior Minister of Singapore between 2019 and 2023, Coordinating Minister for Social Policies between 2015 and 2023, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023. [1]

Tharman is an economist in roles principally related to economic and social policies. He has also led various international councils and panels simultaneously. Tharman chairs the Board of Trustees of the Group of Thirty, a global council of economic and financial leaders from the public and private sectors and academia. He also co-chairs the Global Commission on the Economics of Water with Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, Mariana Mazzucato and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of the UN Water Conference in March 2023. Tharman has also been co-chair of the G20 High Level Independent Panel on Global Financing for Pandemic Preparedness and Response since 2021. In 2017, Tharman was appointed to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance.

A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Taman Jurong division of Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister between 2011 and 2019, Minister for Finance between 2007 and 2015, Minister for Education between 2003 and 2008.

Tharman made his political debut in the 2001 general election, and has been re-elected to Parliament four times at subsequent general elections in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020. On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his intention to run for the 2023 presidential election and his scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and as a member of the PAP, as the presidency is a non-partisan office. [2] On 2 September 2023, Tharman was announced as the winner after receiving 70.41% of the vote in a landslide victory and was elected as the ninth president of Singapore. He is the first presidential candidate not of Chinese descent to win in a contested presidential election in Singapore. [3]

Early life and education

Tharman was born in Singapore during British colonial rule in 1957 to a family of Ceylonese Tamil origin and was raised in the Hindu faith. [4] In his youth, Tharman attended the Anglo-Chinese School (ACS) [5] before graduating from the London School of Economics (LSE) with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics. (LSE later awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011). [6]

He subsequently went on to Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, where he completed a Master of Philosophy degree in economics. [7] He then became a student at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, where he completed a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a recipient of the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Award (given to MPA students who demonstrate academic excellence and leadership).

Tharman was a student activist while studying in the United Kingdom during the 1970s. [8] He originally held socialist beliefs, but his views on economics evolved over the course of his working career. [8]

Early career

Tharman started his working career at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), where he became its chief economist. [9] He later joined the Singapore Administrative Service and served in the Ministry of Education as Senior Deputy Secretary for Policy, [10] before returning to the MAS where he eventually became its managing director. He was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 1999. [11] He resigned as managing director of the MAS to contest in the 2001 general election as a candidate for the People's Action Party.

Official Secrets Act case

While serving as director of the Economics Department of the MAS in 1992, Tharman was one of five persons charged under the Official Secrets Act (OSA) in a case involving the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash GDP growth projections in the Business Times newspaper. The others included the editor, Patrick Daniel, of the Business Times. [12]

The OSA case, which lasted over a year, was reported extensively in the Singapore press. [13] [14] Tharman contested, and was eventually acquitted of, the charge of communicating the GDP growth flash projections. [15] The District Court then introduced a lesser charge of negligence, as the prosecution's case had been that the figures were seen on a document that he had with him on a table during his meeting with private sector economists together with one of his colleagues. [16] Tharman also contested this lesser charge of negligence, and defended himself on the witness stand for a few days. [17]

The Court nevertheless convicted him and the others in the case. [18] Tharman was fined S$1,500, and the others S$2,000. [18] As there was no finding that he communicated any classified information, the case did not pose any hurdle to his subsequent appointment as the managing director of the MAS, nor to his subsequent larger national responsibilities.

Political career

Tharman in 2010 Tharman Shanmugaratnam at the official opening of Yuan Ching Secondary School's new building, Singapore - 20100716 (cropped).jpg
Tharman in 2010

Tharman made his political debut in the 2001 general election, contesting Jurong GRC as part of a five-member PAP team and won 79.75% of the vote. Tharman was subsequently appointed Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry and Senior Minister of State for Education.

He was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister for Education in 2003 and served in this role until 2008.

After retaining his parliamentary seat in the 2006 general election, Tharman was appointed Second Minister for Finance (alongside his role as Minister for Education). [19] On 1 December 2007, he was appointed Minister for Finance. [20]

Tharman with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi, July 2017 The Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr. Tharman Shanmugaratnam calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on July 22, 2017.jpg
Tharman with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi, July 2017

Following the 2011 general election, Tharman was appointed Deputy Prime Minister, while retaining his portfolio as Minister for Finance. He also served as Minister for Manpower between 2011 and 2012 concurrently. He stepped down as Minister for Finance on 30 September 2015 after 9 years.

At the 2015 general election, Jurong GRC, which was predominantly anchored by Tharman, won 79.28% of the vote against the five-member Singaporeans First team.

Tharman was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the People's Action Party in December 2002, and was appointed 2nd Assistant Secretary-General in May 2011. After the 2015 general election, Tharman remained Deputy Prime Minister and was also appointed Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies in October 2015. [21]

On 23 April 2019, it was announced that both Tharman and Teo Chee Hean were appointed Senior Ministers effective from 1 May 2019 under a Cabinet reshuffle, relinquishing their Deputy Prime Minister portfolios. Tharman would also be Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and advise the prime minister on economic policies. [22]

Tharman retained his parliamentary seat in Jurong GRC at the 2020 general election, after winning 74.62% of the vote against the five-member Red Dot United team.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down from Parliament and all his positions in the government and resigned as a member of the PAP in order to stand as a candidate in the 2023 Singaporean presidential election.

Other roles

Tharman served as Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for 12 years from 1 May 2011 until 7 July 2023, when he was succeeded by his deputy, Lawrence Wong. [23] [24]

In May 2019, Tharman was appointed Deputy Chairman of GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund. He stepped down as Deputy Chairman of GIC on 7 July 2023. In addition, Tharman also served as Director of GIC between 2004 and 2023, and Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC) between 2011 and 2023. On 7 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC).

Tharman chaired the International Advisory Council (IAC) of the Economic Development Board (EDB) between 2014 and 2023, [25] and the International Academic Advisory Panel that advises the Singapore Government on strategies regarding the university sector. [26] On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Chairman of the International Advisory Council (IAC) of the Economic Development Board (EDB).

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

Tharman chairs the Board of Trustees of the Singapore Indian Development Association (SINDA), [27] which seeks to uplift educational performance and aspirations in the Indian community in Singapore. He also chairs the Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute.

He chairs the National Jobs Council aimed at rebuilding skills and jobs for Singaporeans in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. [28]

Tharman has led the SkillsFuture programme, launched in 2014 with the aim of developing skills of the future, and opportunities for life-long learning and job upskilling among Singaporeans. He also chaired the tripartite Council for Skills, Innovation and Productivity (CSIP) until May 2017. [29]

Tharman co-chaired several bilateral committees to promote economic and trade relations between Singapore and other countries, including the Singapore-Liaoning Economic and Trade Council from 2004 to 2008, [30] and the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission from 2011 to 2020. [31]

International appointments

In 2011, members of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), the policy advisory committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), appointed Tharman as its chair where he served until 2014. In announcing Tharman's selection, the IMF said that his "broad experience, deep knowledge of economic and financial issues, and active engagement with global policy makers will be highly valuable to the IMFC". [32]

In April 2017, Tharman was appointed by the G20 to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group (EPG) on Global Financial Governance. In October 2018, the Group proposed reforms [33] for a more effective system of global development finance and for financial stability.

On 1 January 2017, Tharman succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as Chair of the Group of Thirty, an independent global council of leading economic and financial policymakers. [34] Tharman was subsequently succeeded by Mark Carney and was appointed Chairman of the Board of Trustees on 1 January 2023.

On 22 May 2019, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) announced that Tharman will be co-chairing the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report (HDR) 2019 alongside Thomas Piketty. He was reappointed twice, to co-chair the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report 2020 alongside Michael Spence, [35] and the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report 2021/2022 alongside Michele Lamont. [36]

In May 2019, Tharman was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum (WEF). [37]

In January 2021, Tharman was appointed by the G20 to co-chair the G20 High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Lawrence Summers.

In March 2022, Tharman was appointed a member of the United Nations Secretary-General's High‑Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism. [38]

Tharman co-chairs the Global Commission on the Economics of Water with Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, Mariana Mazzucato and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of the UN Water Conference in March 2023. [39]

Presidency (2023–present)

2023 presidential bid

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his intention to be a candidate in the 2023 presidential election. [2] [40] He resigned from all his positions in the government and as a member of the People's Action Party (PAP) on 7 July in order to stand in the election, as the presidency is a non-partisan office.

On 26 July, Tharman launched his presidential campaign with the campaign slogan "Respect for All". [41] On 7 August, he submitted his application for the Certificate of Eligibility (COE) to the Elections Department. [42] He was issued the COE on 18 August by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC). [43]

On 2 September, Tharman was announced as the winner after receiving 70.41% of the vote, with Ng Kok Song receiving 15.72% and Tan Kin Lian receiving 13.87%, and was elected as the ninth president of Singapore. [44] He is the first non-Chinese presidential candidate to win in a contested presidential election in Singapore. [45] Tharman also garnered the highest vote count in Singapore's presidential electoral history of 70.41%.

He was sworn in on 14 September at a ceremony held at the Istana, succeeding Halimah Yacob. [46]

Awards

Domestic Honours

  • In July 2010, Tharman became the fourth recipient of the Honorary Fellowship of the Economic Society of Singapore, [47] after Goh Keng Swee, Lim Chong Yah, and Goh Chok Tong.
  • In May 2017, the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) conferred its highest award, [48] the Medal of Honour, on Tharman for his varied contributions to the labour movement including "driving national initiatives to better the lives of workers" and "his deep commitment to building an inclusive society". [49]

International Honours

Tharman was named Finance Minister of the Year 2013 by Euromoney , [51] in recognition of the roles he played in the economic restructuring of Singapore and as statesman of the region on the international stage.

During a working visit in June 2019, Tharman was admitted to the Freedom of the City of London. [52]

In October 2019, Tharman received the Institute of International Finance's inaugural Distinguished Leadership and Service Award, [53] together with Bank of England Governor Mark Carney, for his role as a leading proponent of global reforms to de-risk and grow development finance and to achieve more resilient capital flows.

Personal life

Tharman is a fourth-generation Singaporean of Ceylonese-Tamil ancestry from the 19th century and an adherent of Hinduism. [54] [55] [56] One of three children, Tharman is the son of Emeritus Professor K. Shanmugaratnam, [56] a medical scientist known as the "father of pathology in Singapore", who founded the Singapore Cancer Registry and led a number of international organisations related to cancer research and pathology. [57] [58] [59]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a Singaporean lawyer of Chinese–Japanese descent. She is actively engaged in social enterprise and the non-profit arts sector in Singapore. The couple have one daughter and three sons together. [60] [61]

Tharman was an active sportsman in his youth, particularly in cricket and hockey and has highlighted his opinion that sports instils lessons for life. He spoke about sports as a form of education in Game for Life: 25 Journeys, [62] published by the Singapore Sports Council in 2013, as "a huge deal for character... Children learn the value of teams. They learn the discipline of repeated practice, and how there is no other way to develop expertise. Plus, the ability to fall or lose in competition and pick oneself up... with humility."

In Singapore's Chinese-language media, Tharman is often referred to as 尚达曼 (pinyin :Shàng Dámàn), an approximate transliteration of Tharman Shanmugaratnam. [63] The name was given to him by a leading Chinese language specialist in 1995. Tharman has done Chinese calligraphy since 2002.

Notes

  1. ↑ Tamil: தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம்

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Singapore</span> Head of state of the Republic of Singapore

The president of the Republic of Singapore is the head of state of Singapore. The president represents the country in official diplomatic functions and possesses certain executive powers over the Government of Singapore, including the control of the national reserves and the ability to revoke and appoint public service appointments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabinet of Singapore</span> Executive branch of the Singapore government

The Cabinet of Singapore forms the executive branch of the Government of Singapore together with the President. It is led by the Prime Minister who is the head of government. The prime minister is a Member of Parliament (MP) appointed by the president who in the president's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the Members of Parliament (MPs). The other Ministers in the Cabinet are Members of Parliament appointed by the president acting in accordance with the advice of the prime minister. Ministers are prohibited from holding any office of profit and from actively engaging in any commercial enterprise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacob A. Frenkel</span> Israeli economist (born 1943)

Jacob Aharon Frenkel is an Israeli economist and the Chairman of JPMorgan Chase International. He served as Governor of the Bank of Israel between 1991 and 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurong Group Representation Constituency</span> Electoral division in Singapore

The Jurong Group Representation Constituency is a five-member Group Representation Constituency located in the western area of Singapore. The GRC consists of a large section of Jurong, sections of Bukit Batok and areas near Upper Bukit Timah Road. The five divisions of the GRC: Bukit Batok East, Jurong Central, Taman Jurong, Jurong Spring and Clementi managed by Jurong Town Council. The current MPs are Rahayu Mahzam, Tan Wu Meng, Xie Yao Quan and Shawn Huang from the People's Action Party (PAP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gan Kim Yong</span> Singaporean politician

Gan Kim Yong is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister for Trade and Industry since 2021. A member of the governing People's Action Party, he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Choa Chu Kang division of Choa Chu Kang GRC since 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Singaporean general election</span> Elections to the 12th Parliament of Singapore

General elections were held in Singapore on 7 May 2011. President S. R. Nathan dissolved parliament on 19 April 2011 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. Voting is mandatory in Singapore and is based on the first-past-the-post system. Elections are conducted by the Elections Department, which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Office. Nomination day was held on 27 April 2011, and for the second election in a row, the PAP did not return to government on nomination day, but it did return to government on polling day. This election also marked the first and the only three-cornered fight since 2001 in Punggol East SMC before it increased to four-cornered fight on a by-election held two years later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halimah Yacob</span> 8th President of the Republic of Singapore

Halimah Yacob is a Singaporean politician and lawyer who served as the eighth president of Singapore from 2017 to 2023. Halimah won in the 2017 presidential election in an uncontested walkover due to ineligible candidates. She is the first female president in Singapore's history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heng Swee Keat</span> Singaporean politician

Heng Swee Keat is a Singaporean politician and former police officer who has been serving as the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore since 2019 and Coordinating Minister for Economic Policies since 2020. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Bedok division of East Coast GRC since 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawrence Wong</span> Singaporean politician

Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai is a Singaporean politician, economist and former civil servant who has been serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, and Deputy Secretary-General of the People's Action Party since 2022. In addition, he is the Prime Minister–designate since April 2024, before taking office on 15 May 2024. He is also Minister for Finance since 2021, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore since 2023. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Limbang division of Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC since 2015, and previously the Boon Lay division of West Coast GRC between 2011 and 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Lee Hsien Loong Cabinet</span> 6th and former Cabinet of Singapore

The Second Cabinet of Lee Hsien Loong of the Government of Singapore was sworn into office on 30 May 2006, following the 2006 general election for the 11th Parliament. As was the case previously, the Cabinet was made up exclusively of Members of Parliament from the governing People's Action Party (PAP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Third Lee Hsien Loong Cabinet</span> 7th and former Cabinet of Singapore

The Third Cabinet of Lee Hsien Loong of the Government of Singapore came into existence on 21 May 2011 following the 2011 general election. While many of its members were retained from the previous government, Heng Swee Keat and Chan Chun Sing, who had both just been elected, were given ministerial appointments.

The spouse of the president of Singapore is sometimes referred to as the first lady or first gentleman, although it is a courtesy term not enshrined in the Constitution. By tradition, an official portrait of the spouse of the president of Singapore is prominently displayed in government buildings alongside the portrait of the president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senior Minister of Singapore</span> Cabinet position in the Government of Singapore

Senior Minister of Singapore is a position in the Cabinet of Singapore. Holders of this office have previously served as either the prime minister or the deputy prime minister. Among the executive branch officeholders in the order of precedence, the position ranks after the prime minister and the deputy prime minister. Senior Ministers also serve as part of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and work at The Istana.

Presidential elections were held in Singapore on 1 September 2023, the sixth public presidential elections but only the third to be contested by more than one candidate. Incumbent president Halimah Yacob, who had been elected unopposed in 2017, did not seek re-election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John-Arne Røttingen</span> Norwegian physician

John-Arne Røttingen is a Norwegian medical scientist, research administrator and civil servant. He is currently the Chief Executive Officer of the Wellcome Trust. Previously, he served as Ambassador for Global Health in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and has been a special advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">14th Parliament of Singapore</span> Current Parliament of Singapore

The 14th Parliament of Singapore is the current Parliament of Singapore. It opened on 24 August 2020. The membership was set by the 2020 Singapore General Election on 10 July 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Dot United</span> Opposition political party in Singapore

Red Dot United is an opposition political party in Singapore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Next Singaporean general election</span> Upcoming general election in Singapore

General elections are due to be held in Singapore no later than 23 November 2025 to determine the composition of the fifteenth Parliament. The elections will be the nineteenth in Singapore since 1948 and the fourteenth since independence.

The following lists events that happened during 2023 in the Republic of Singapore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ng Kok Song</span> Singaporean investor

Peter Ng Kok Song, better known as Ng Kok Song, is a Singaporean financier, fund manager and entrepreneur who served as the chief investment officer of GIC between 2007 and 2013, and director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 1985 and 1986. He is also the founder of asset management company Avanda Investment Management.

References

  1. 1 2 "MP | Parliament Of Singapore". Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 Goh, Han Yan (8 June 2023). "SM Tharman to run for president, will resign from Govt and PAP on July 7". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  3. ↑ Wong, Tessa (1 September 2023). "Tharman Shanmugaratnam: Singapore picks a president who could've been much more". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023. Although Singapore has had non-Chinese presidents in the past, Mr Tharman is the first one voted in by the public.
  4. ↑ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam".
  5. ↑ Teng, Amelia (31 August 2014). "ACS old boys turn up in white & blue for reunion". The Straits Times. ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  6. ↑ "LSE announces its new Honorary Fellows". Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "New MAS chief is top-notch economist". Straits Times– via Factiva.
  8. 1 2 "Ching, Leong (29 October 2001). "Politics not new to former student activist"". Straits Times– via Factiva.
  9. ↑ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam: 4 things to know about the Singapore presidential aspirant". Yahoo Finance. 16 June 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  10. ↑ "Financial review panel formed". Straits Times. 23 August 1997 – via Factiva.
  11. ↑ "Singapore Monetary Authority gets new managing director". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 20 February 2001.
  12. ↑ Richardson, Michael (22 October 1993). "Singapore Puts Top Prosecutor on News Leak". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
  13. ↑ Fernandez, Warren (29 April 1993). "Four to be tried jointly; 'no' to more information". Straits Times. Factiva.
  14. ↑ "Secret memo shows ISD didn't probe 'leak' of sectoral figures". Straits Times. Factiva. 29 October 1993.
  15. ↑ Fernandez, Warren (5 December 1993). "No proof Shanmugaratnam passed secret info: Judge". Straits Times. Factiva.
  16. ↑ "Singapore 'Secrets' Trial Downgraded". South China Morning Post. Factiva. 6 December 1993.
  17. ↑ Sen, Ajoy (3 March 1994). "Singapore secrets trial hears testimony on security". Reuters. Factiva.
  18. 1 2 "Journalists, economists guilty after marathon trial". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 31 March 1994.
  19. ↑ The Government of Singapore (21 June 2006). "The Cabinet – Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Archived from the original on 18 March 2007.
  20. ↑ Popatlal, Asha (29 November 2007). "PM Lee to relinquish Finance Minister post, Tharman takes over". Archived from the original on 30 November 2007.
  21. ↑ CNA, Singapore. "PM Lee and Singapore's new Cabinet sworn in". Archived from the original on 5 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Heng Swee Keat to be promoted to DPM in Cabinet reshuffle". Archived from the original on 23 April 2019.
  23. ↑ "Our History". www.mas.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020.
  24. ↑ "Executive Profile: Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020.
  25. ↑ Kang Shiong, Goh (25 April 2014). "Tharman to chair EDB's International Advisory Council". Business Times.
  26. ↑ Ng, Jing Yng (27 June 2015). "Tertiary programme outcomes should be assessed, says panel". Today. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  27. ↑ "Ten prominent Indians get two-year terms on Sinda board". Straits Times. Factiva. 14 August 1991.
  28. ↑ "First Meeting of National Jobs Council". www.mti.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  29. ↑ Lam, Lydia (1 May 2017). "Jobs, jobs, jobs: 8 highlights from PM Lee Hsien Loong's May Day Rally". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017.
  30. ↑ "MR THARMAN SHANMUGARATNAM TO VISIT CHINA FROM 18 TO 23 APRIL 2004". National Archive Singapore. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  31. ↑ "Introductory Meeting Between the Co-Chairs of the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission, Senior Minister and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Chernyshenko". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "Press Release: IMFC Selects Tharman Shanmugaratnam as New Chairman". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
  33. ↑ "G20 Eminent Persons Group(EPG) on Global Financial Governance". Archived from the original on 26 September 2019.
  34. ↑ Yong, Charissa (1 December 2016). "Tharman to chair global financial experts' group". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  35. ↑ "2020 Human Development Report Advisory Board Members". Human Development Reports. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  36. ↑ "2021/22 Human Development Report Advisory Board Members". Human Development Reports. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  37. ↑ "World Economic Forum appoints new member to Board of Trustees". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019.
  38. ↑ "Note to Correspondents: Secretary-General's High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism Comprises 12 Eminent Current or Former Global Leaders, Officials, Experts". United Nations. 18 March 2022.
  39. ↑ "Head Topics UK: Tharman to co-chair new global group on governing the use of water, 25 May 2022". GCEW.
  40. ↑ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam to run for President in Singapore, will resign from PAP". CNA. 8 June 2023. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  41. ↑ Goh, Yan Han; Ho, Grace (26 July 2023). "Tharman launches bid for presidency, cautions against 'artificial distinctions' based on past affiliations". The Straits Times. ISSN   0585-3923. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  42. ↑ Ho, Grace (7 August 2023). "Tharman Shanmugaratnam submits presidential election eligibility forms". The Straits Times. ISSN   0585-3923. Archived from the original on 8 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  43. ↑ "Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible". CNA. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  44. ↑ Correspondent, Goh Yan HanPolitical (2 September 2023). "Landslide 70.4 per cent victory for president-elect Tharman". The Straits Times. ISSN   0585-3923. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  45. ↑ Wong, Tessa (1 September 2023). "Tharman Shanmugaratnam: Singapore picks a president who could've been much more". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023. Although Singapore has had non-Chinese presidents in the past, Mr Tharman is the first one voted in by the public.
  46. ↑ Goh, Yan Han (14 September 2023). "Tharman sworn in as S'pore's 9th president, reiterates plans to unite nation". The Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  47. ↑ "Economic Society of Singapore Honorary Fellows". Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  48. ↑ "Tharman receives NTUC's highest May Day honour". The Straits Times. 13 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  49. ↑ "NTUC news". Archived from the original on 25 August 2018.
  50. ↑ "SMA Annual Dinner 2019". 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  51. ↑ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam, the finance minister of Singapore, has been named Euromoney's Finance Minister of the Year 2013". 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  52. ↑ "Senior Minister Tharman arrives in London for working visit". The Straits Times. 9 June 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  53. ↑ "IF Names Singapore Senior Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Bank of England Governor Mark Carney Inaugural "Distinguished Leadership and Service Award" Recipients". 17 October 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  54. ↑ Yeo, George Yong-boon (25 August 2022). George Yeo: Musings – Series One. World Scientific. ISBN   978-981-12-5971-5. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  55. ↑ Goh, Kenneth (12 July 2015). "Mutton munchy". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  56. 1 2 "Tamils in Federated Malaya and Singapore". Daily News. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  57. ↑ "Aiyoh! After 16 years, he still can't say 'lah". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  58. ↑ "Interview with Emeritus Professor K Shanmugaratnam" (PDF). SMA News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010.
  59. ↑ "Working Overtime". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  60. ↑ "Try discipline with love – Acting Education Minister Tharman: My kids, their Mandarin and their future in China". The New Paper. 9 June 2004. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008.
  61. ↑ Goh, Yan Han; Ho, Grace (25 August 2023). "Tharman believes S'pore is ready for a non-Chinese PM". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  62. ↑ "Game for Life: 25 Journeys" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2019.
  63. ↑ "尚达曼：善用科技保存和分配水资源 能化解气候危机隐忧". 8world (in Chinese (Singapore)). Singapore. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Education
2003–2008		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Finance
2007–2015		Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
2011–2019
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean
Preceded by Minister for Manpower
2011–2012		Succeeded by
New office Coordinating Minister for Social Policies
Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies: 2015–2019
2015–2023		Succeeded byas Coordinating Minister for Economic Policies
Vacant
Title last held by
S. Jayakumar
Goh Chok Tong
2011		 Senior Minister of Singapore
2019–2023
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Singapore
2023–present		Incumbent
Government offices
Preceded by Chair of the Monetary Authority of Singapore
2011–2023		Succeeded by
Parliament of Singapore
New constituency Member of the Singaporean Parliament
for Taman Jurong's Jurong Group Representation Constituency
2001–2023		Succeeded byas MPs for Jurong GRC (Bukit Batok East), (Clementi), (Jurong Central), (Jurong Spring)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.