Freedom of the City of London

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The Freedom of the City of London started around 1237 as the status of a 'free man' or 'citizen', protected by the charter of the City of London and not under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord. [1] In the Middle Ages, this developed into a freedom or right to trade, becoming closely linked to the medieval guilds, the livery companies. In 1835, eligibility for the freedom of the City was extended to anyone who lived in, worked in or had a strong connection to the City. The freedom that citizens enjoy has long associations with privileges in the governance of the City. [1]

Contents

Whilst no longer carrying many substantive rights and largely existing as a tradition, the freedom is a pre-requisite for standing for election to the Common Council [2] and Court of Aldermen [3] of the City of London. The Lord Mayor of the City must first become an alderman, and hence must also be a freeman.

There are multiple routes to gaining the freedom of the City of London. [4]

The original three routes to the freedom, via the livery companies, still exist. An individual can become a freeman of a livery company by servitude (apprenticeship), patrimony (either parent being a member of that livery company), or redemption (general admission, the criteria varying by livery company). Once a freeman of a livery company, an application can be made to the Chamberlain's Court for admission as a freeman of the City, which requires approval from Common Council. [4] It is necessary to become a freeman of the City to advance to the livery company status of 'liveryman', or to hold an office in a livery company. Liverymen have electoral rights in the City of London in voting for certain offices.

It is also possible to become a freeman of the City by nomination by two common councillors, aldermen or liverymen.

Similarly, due to freedom being a pre-requisite for standing for elected office in the City, it is possible for a prospective candidate to obtain freedom by nomination by any two electors. [1]

There is a long-standing tradition of the City admitting women to the freedom. Although they are now usually called freemen as well, historically the term was free sisters.[ citation needed ]

Freemen are admitted by the Clerk of the Chamberlain's Court during a ceremony at Guildhall.

Honorary Freedom

Honorary Freedom of the City of London is a recognition of lifetime achievement or high international standing, and is much rarer than the broader freedom of the city.

The granting of the Honorary Freedom of the City of London (or Freedom Honoris Causa) is extremely rare and generally awarded today only to royalty, heads of state, or figures of genuine global standing. It is the greatest honour that is in the power of the City of London to bestow, and usually takes place in Guildhall in the presence of the Common Council and the lord mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen, along with invited guests.

For example, in 2013, after a gap of some eleven years, Archbishop Desmond Tutu received the Honorary Freedom of the City of London, with the ceremony taking place at Mansion House. In 1996, Nelson Mandela, as President of South Africa, received the same honour. The presentation on such occasions is made by the Chamberlain of the City of London and is often followed by a banquet at Guildhall or Mansion House. Historically, the first personage to be so honoured was William Pitt the Elder in 1757. However, there are also records of the presentation of such in May 1698 to Philemon Philip Carter, son of Nathaniel Carter (goldsmiths) in the "Freedom of the City Admission Papers" 1681–1930. For many years, it was the custom to present the Freedom in specially commissioned and unique gold or silver caskets, the design of which was inspired by the background and the achievements of the individual to which it was presented. More normal today would be to present the honour in the form of a scroll in an inscribed box.[ citation needed ]

A small number of sheep are herded across Southwark Bridge by the Lord Mayor and Yorkshire Shepherdess among others who are members of the Worshipful Company of Woolmen, bestowed with freedom of the city, London 2021. Sheep Cross Southwark Bridge in London 2021.jpg
A small number of sheep are herded across Southwark Bridge by the Lord Mayor and Yorkshire Shepherdess among others who are members of the Worshipful Company of Woolmen, bestowed with freedom of the city, London 2021.

List of Freemen

The mixed list below contains the names of some of the notable people who have received the Freedom or Honorary Freedom over the years. Dates of awards are shown in brackets.

Royal Family members

Prime ministers of the United Kingdom

Casket presented to Disraeli, Hughenden collection Hughenden CasketFreedomOfCityOfLondon January2024 NT CCBYSA open.jpg
Casket presented to Disraeli, Hughenden collection

Victoria Cross and George Cross recipients

Foreign royalty

Presidents of the United States of America

International leaders and principal figures

Entrepreneurs, business leaders, and academics

Archbishops of Canterbury, York and London

Religious leaders

Diplomats

Entertainment and the arts

Sports

Historically notable Britons

Other notable recipients

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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  4. 1 2 Jagger, Paul D. (2 December 2021). "The Honorary Freedom of the City of London – An exploration of The Lives of the Great and the Good". City and Livery. Every Freeman of the City of London may feel 'honoured' when they are admitted in that ancient ceremony in Guildhall, but the Corporation makes it clear in a leaflet handed to Freemen that while they may feel honoured, only the Honorary Freedom is of the form of an honour.
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  117. ↑ "List of Applications for the Freedom" (PDF). democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk. 10 September 2015.
  118. ↑ "UAE residents win Freedom of the City of London". 15 August 2016.
  119. ↑ @spectaclemakers (15 January 2021). "Delighted to welcome our first new Freeman of 2021, Professor @AdamOckelford, Professor of Music @RoehamptonUni & co-founder of @theambertrust. His research shows the positive effects of #Music #Education on children with #VisionImpairment and special educational needs" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  120. ↑ "GB News' Tom Harwood reacts to receiving Freedom of the City of London". theglobalherald.com. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  121. ↑ "Sarah Gilbert receives Freedom of the City of London | Christ Church, University of Oxford". www.chch.ox.ac.uk. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  122. ↑ "Professor Dame Sarah Gilbert awarded Freedom of the City of London". www.psi.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
John Scott England Freedom of the City Admission Papers John Scott England Freedom of the City Admission Papers.jpg
John Scott England Freedom of the City Admission Papers

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