Thio joined the Faculty of Law of the NUS as a senior tutor in 1991,and was appointed Lecturer in 1992. That same year she embarked on postgraduate law studies at Harvard Law School on a National University of Singapore Overseas Graduate Scholarship,and obtained a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in 1993.[6] She returned to NUS,where in 1997 she was appointed an assistant professor. Between 1997 and 2000 she carried out PhD research at the University of Cambridge on another NUS Overseas Graduate Scholarship,and was duly conferred this degree in 2000. Her PhD dissertation,entitled Managing Babel:The International Legal Protection of Minorities in the Twentieth Century,was subsequently published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers in 2005. In June 2000 she was appointed an associate professor,and achieved the rank of full Professor in July 2006.[2][5] Her research interests are the following:
Constitutionalism and human rights in Asia.
Domestic and comparative perspectives of constitutional law and administrative law.
International human rights law and the rights of peoples.
Law and religion.
Public international law,its history and theory.[7]
Thio was Young Asian Scholar at the Melbourne University Law School in 1997,[8] was ranked as an NUS Excellent Teacher in 2001–2002 and 2002–2003,and was given a Young Researcher Award by NUS in 2004. In March 2006,she was a visiting lecturer at the Faculty of Law of the University of Hong Kong,where she was one of the academics teaching a course on "National Protection of Human Rights". In September of that year she returned to the University of Melbourne as a senior fellow of its graduate law programme to teach a course entitled "Constitutionalism in Asian Societies".[5]
Thio served[5][7] as chief editor of the Singapore Journal of International &Comparative Law[9] between 2000 and 2003,and since 2005 has been General Editor of the Asian Yearbook of International Law.[10] She is also on the editorial or advisory boards of the Singapore Yearbook of International Law,[11] the New Zealand Yearbook of International Law (since 2003),[12] the University of Bologna Law Review (since 2016),[13] and Human Rights &International Legal Discourse (since 2006),[14] and is corresponding editor (Singapore) for Blaustein &Flanz's Constitutions of the Countries of the World (since 2001)[15] and the International Journal of Constitutional Law (since 2001).[16] Since 2001 she has also been a contributor on constitutional and administrative law to the Singapore Academy of Law Annual Review of Singapore Cases.[17]
Thio was to be a visiting human rights professor at New York University School of Law in the fall of 2009 until she withdrew her acceptance in July 2009.[18][19] Many noted the irony in her appointment,and prompted calls for condemnation of her "anti-gay hate speech" before Parliament.[20] The university's gay and lesbian law student group,NYU OUTLaw,released a statement calling for the condemnation.[21][22][23]
NYU Law School's Dean Richard Revesz issued a memorandum stating "the Law School categorically rejects the point of view expressed in Professor Thio's speech,as evidenced by our early and longstanding commitment to end discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation."[24] Students at NYU Law School have issued statements as well.
Thio then sent an 18-point defence memo to the entire NYU Law faculty.[22] On 22 July 2009,she informed the school of her withdrawal from the appointment,citing hostility by its community towards her views and low enrolment;[19][23] it was reported that only 9 students applied for her course on human rights and 5 for her other course on constitutionalism.[25]
In October 2007, during a review by the Parliament of Singapore on the Penal Code,[26] it decided not to repeal section 377A of the Code and thus continued to criminalise sexual activity between males. In the course of the debate in Parliament, Thio gave a speech to support the continued criminalisation of sexual activity between males, and likened gay sex to "shoving a straw up your nose to drink."[20] She claimed to have support from a majority of Singaporeans, and stated she spoke "at the risk of being burned at the stake by militant activists."[27] At the same time, Thio mentioned the existence of an active gay agenda that seeks to lobby the government and radically change sexual norms.[20]
The Internet subsequently saw a flood of websites heavily rebutting Thio's speech, most of which focused on her lurid straw-up-the-nose analogy.[28] Local journalist Janadas Devan, in a feature article in The Straits Times on 27 October, titled "377A debate and the rewriting of pluralism", the pointed out that the speech was heavily laced with phrases and imagery from the Dominionist movement.[29] Another Straits Times writer, Chua Mui Hoong, also wrote an article titled "Rules of Engagement for God and Politics" on 16 November 2007. In it, Chua acknowledged Thio's position in her speech that secularism could challenge religion. However, Chua disagreed that religion has been antagonised in Singapore, and encouraged that specific explanation be given as to how the repeal of a law would in reality harm the Singaporean society.[30]
During the debate, Thio revealed that playwright Alfian Sa'at had sent her a short email saying, among other things, that "I hope I outlive you long enough to see the repeal of 377A and on that day I will piss on your grave."[32] Sa'at later took responsibility for the email, saying it was sent in a moment of folly in response to the rumour that Thio had called the police to complain about a "Pink Picnic" some members of the gay community were organising in the Botanic Gardens. Thio later denied the allegation, and Sa'at apologised.[33] Subsequently, in November 2007, Thio was alerted by the media to an anonymous threatening letter addressed to her stating: "We know where you work, we'll send people there to hunt you down". Thio made a police report the same day.[34]
In 2009, a group of conservative Christian women from the Church of Our Savior, under the leadership of Josie Lau and orchestrated by Thio's mother, Thio Su Mien, took over the executive council of the group alleging AWARE, a non-governmental organisation in Singapore concerned with promoting gender equality. On 26 May 2009, during Thio's first speech in parliament since the event, Thio accused the local press of biased reporting on the events surrounding the attempted takeover. Han Fook Kwang, then editor of The Straits Times, responded in an editorial and expressed his sadness at the vindictiveness of "critics and the length to which they are prepared to go to attack our professionalism" and integrity, detailing the sequence of events and how their journalists had investigated and reported on the proceedings.[35]
Question regarding support from the majority
Thio's strong position towards retaining the code drew much protest from some Singaporeans. Two issues were constantly raised. The first issue was the question of the real existence of a majority against repeal of the code. The second issue was the question of whether a stance against homosexual behaviour would equate to wanting a code to criminalise the act of sodomy.[36] Concerns were also raised by a law professor on whether it was realistically possible to enforce such a code, whether it would lead to dangers of entrapment, and whether the informal position of the government not to enforce the code would reverse overnight.[37]
Personal life
Thio was born to Thio Gim Hock, who was the chairman of OUE Limited, and Thio Su Mien, the former dean of NUS law school and founder of the TSMP Law Corporation. Her maternal grandfather is Reverend Huang Yang Ying, first principal of Anglican High School.[38] Her brother, Thio Shen Yi, a senior counsel, who manages TSMP with his wife, Stefanie Yuen-Thio.
Religious affiliation
Thio is a Christian. In an interview with the local daily The Straits Times on 2 November 2007, Thio shared her personal story of how she converted from a "very, very arrogant" atheist to a Christian in 1987.[20] Having entered Oxford University to read jurisprudence, she attended a Christian Union talk then and claimed to be "stopped" by a voice.
"I basically had a sense that God was talking to me. I had stood up to walk out and I heard someone say, 'Stop'. And no one was around me. Everybody was busy doing their own thing. I was one of only one or two Chinese girls in this whole room of ang mohs. And then I just had the sense that I had encountered God, that he knew my name and I was shocked." Thio was quoted as saying in the interview.[39]
She added, "I don't know what right wing is. This is funny because I was always considered a political leftie and now I'm a rightie."
Selected works
Representative articles
Thio, Li-ann (1997), "An 'i' for an 'I': Singapore's Communitarian Model of Constitutional Adjudication", Hong Kong Law Journal, 27: 152–186, ISSN0378-0600 .
Thio, Li-ann (1999), "Implementing Human Rights in ASEAN Countries: Promises to Keep and Miles to Go before I Sleep", Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 2: 1–86, ISSN1548-2596 .
Thio, Li-ann (2002), "Recent Constitutional Developments: Of Shadows and Whips, Race, Rifts and Rights, Terror and Tudungs, Women and Wrongs", Singapore Journal of Legal Studies: 328–373, ISSN0218-2173 .
Thio, Li-ann (2004), "Pragmatism and Realism Do Not Mean Abdication: A Critical Inquiry into Singapore's Engagement with International Human Rights Law", Singapore Year Book of International Law, 8: 41–91, ISSN1793-0448 .
Thio, Li-ann (2006), "'Beyond the Four Walls' in an Age of Transnational Judicial Conversations: Civil Liberties, Rights Theories and Constitutional Adjudication in Malaysia and Singapore", Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 19 (2): 428–518, ISSN1094-8449 .
Contributions towards books
Thio, Li-ann (1997), "The Elected President and the Legal Control of Government: Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?", in Tan, Kevin; Lam, Peng Er (eds.), Managing Political Change in Singapore: The Elected Presidency, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, p.100, ISBN0-415-15632-7 .
Thio, Li-ann (1999), "The Constitutional Framework of Powers", in Tan, Kevin Y.L. (Yew Lee) (ed.), The Singapore Legal System (2nded.), Singapore: Singapore University Press, p.67, ISBN9971-69-213-9 .
Thio, Li-ann (1999), "Law and the Administrative State", in Tan, Kevin Y.L. (Yew Lee) (ed.), The Singapore Legal System (2nded.), Singapore: Singapore University Press, p.160, ISBN9971-69-213-9 .
Thio, Li-ann (2004), "Rule of Law within a Non-liberal "Communitarian" Democracy: The Singapore Experience", in Peerenboom, Randall (ed.), Asian Discourses of Rule of Law: Theories and Implementation of Rule of Law in Twelve Asian Countries, France and the U.S., London; New York, N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, pp.183–224, ISBN0-415-32612-5 .
Thio, Li-ann (2005), "Taking Rights Seriously?: Human Rights Law in Singapore", in Peerenboom, R. (Randall) P.; Petersen, Carole; Chen, Albert H.Y. (eds.), Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian Countries, France and the United States, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, p.158, ISBN0-415-36003-X .
Thio, Li-ann (2006), "International Law and Secession in the Asia-Pacific Region", in Kohen, Marcelo G. (ed.), Secession: International Law Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.297–354, ISBN0-521-84928-4 .
Books
Tan, Kevin Y[ew] L[ee]; Thio, Li-ann (2010), Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rded.), Singapore: LexisNexis, ISBN978-981-236-795-2 .
Thio, Li-ann (2005), Managing Babel: The International Legal Protection of Minorities in the Twentieth Century [International Studies in Human Rights; v. 81], Leiden; Boston, Mass.: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN978-90-04-14198-8 .
Thio, Li-ann (2009), Mind the Gap: Contending for Righteousness in an Age of Lawlessness, Singapore: Genesis Books, ISBN978-981-4222-59-4 .
Thio, Li-ann; Tan, Kevin Y[ew] L[ee], eds. (2009), Evolution of a Revolution: Forty Years of the Singapore Constitution, London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge-Cavendish, ISBN978-0-415-43862-9 .
Thio, Li-ann (2013), Prophecy, Pansexuality and Pandemonium: The Political Arm of the Spirit of Lawlessness in the Acharit-hayamim, Singapore: Genesis Books, ISBN978-981-446165-8 .
↑ Thio's curriculum vitae states that this took place in 1998: Curriculum vitae: Professor (Dr.) THIO Li-ann(PDF), Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore, 5 February 2007, archived from the original(PDF) on 20 July 2007, retrieved 18 November 2007.
↑ "Singapore yearbook of international law [Serials]", Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, Singapore: Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore, 1997–2003, ISSN0219-0508, OCLC957008186 . After 2003 the journal was renamed the Singapore Year Book of International Law (SYBIL).
↑ Asian Yearbook of International Law, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1993, ISSN0928-432X, OCLC485336884 .
↑ Singapore Year Book of International Law, Singapore: Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore, 2004, ISSN1793-0448, OCLC719766706 .
↑ "Advisory Board". Bolognalawreview.unibo.it. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
↑ Human Rights & International Legal Discourse, Mortsel, Belgium: Intersentia, 2007–2010, ISSN1783-7014, OCLC830946407 .
↑ A.P. Blaustein; G.H. Flanz (1971), Constitutions of the Countries of the World: A Series of Updated Texts, Constitutional Chronologies and Annotated Bibliographies (Permanented.), Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, OCLC283323438
↑ Li Xueying (8 November 2007), "NMP Thio files 2nd police report after getting threat", The Straits Times.
↑ Han Fook Kwang (30 May 2009), "How ST covered the story", The Straits Times.
↑ Resources, Trevvy Trevvy.com SGBOY Sgboy.com Gay Singapore Malaysia Hong Kong Thailand Australia News Lifestyle Personals Events Forums. "Trevvy - Forums - Crying OUT Loud Singapore!". www.trevvy.com. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2007.
↑ K.C. Vijayan (30 October 2007), "NUS don warns of 377A fallout", The Straits Times.
The party affiliation of each member is indicated right after the constituency he or she represents. PAP: People's Action Party; SDA: Singapore Democratic Alliance; WP: The Workers' Party NMPs do not belong to any party. There were two terms of NMPs in this parliament, with nine NMPs in each term.
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