List of presidents of Singapore

Last updated

President of Singapore SR Nathan.jpg
President Halimah Yacob in 2019.jpg
Ong Teng Cheong.jpg
Tharman Shanmugaratnam Finance Minister of Singapore - (4421243960) (cropped).jpg

The president of Singapore is the head of state of the Republic of Singapore. Preceded by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, the office of president was created on 22 December 1965 after Singapore's independence in August 1965, with incumbent Yang di-Pertuan Negara Yusof Ishak serving as the first president. [1] [2] Under the Constitution, presidents must be a Singaporean citizen, [3] non-partisan, [4] and elected by a popular vote. [5]

Contents

Originally elected by Parliament, a 1991 constitutional amendment was made to allow for the president to be directly elected by a popular vote, with the 1993 presidential election between Ong Teng Cheong and Chua Kim Yeow being the first time a president was directly elected by popular vote. [6] [5] Singapore follows a non-executive model of the Westminster parliamentary system where the president serves as the head of state, separate to the head of government which is instead served by the Cabinet, led by the prime minister. [7] In 2016, a second constitutional amendment was made that allowed for a presidential election to be reserved for an ethnic community in Singapore if no one from that community had been president for the previous five presidential terms. [8]

The role of the president was originally ceremonial and symbolic, carrying residual powers, however the role was later given executive powers such as the reserve power to veto certain bills, most notably in relation to Singapore's reserves as a check and balance process as well as revoking and appointing public service appointments among other powers listed in the Constitution. [9] [10]

There have been nine presidents since Singapore gained independence in 1965. The term of president was previously 4 years, with it being extended to 6 years following the 1991 amendment. [11] Two presidents, Yusof and Benjamin Sheares, have died in office. [12] [13] Devan Nair was the first president to resign mid-term. [14] S. R. Nathan was the longest serving president, serving as president for 12 years. [15]

List of presidents

Symbols

Died in office

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Prior officeTerm of officeElectionResultsRef.
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Yusof Ishak 1920s.jpg Yusof Ishak
(1910–1970)
Yang di-Pertuan Negara 9 August
1965
23 November
1970 [†]
5 years, 106 daysElected by Parliament [2]
1967
Speaker of Parliament Yeoh Ghim Seng as Acting President
23 November 1970–2 January 1971
[16]
2 Benjamin Sheares 1940s.jpg Benjamin Sheares
(1907–1981)
Physician, academic2 January
1971
12 May
1981 [†]
10 years, 130 days 1970 Elected by Parliament [17]
1974
1978
Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin as Acting President
12 May 1981–14 May 1981
[18] [12]
Speaker of Parliament Yeoh Ghim Seng as Acting President
14 May 1981–23 October 1981
3 Devan Nair
(1923–2005)
Member of Parliament 23 October
1981
28 March
1985
3 years, 156 days 1981 Elected by Parliament [19]
Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin as Acting President
28 March 1985–31 March 1985
[20]
Speaker of Parliament Yeoh Ghim Seng as Acting President
31 March 1985–2 September 1985
4 Wee Kim Wee (cropped).png Wee Kim Wee
(1915–2005)
Ambassador-at-Large 2 September
1985
1 September
1993
7 years, 364 days 1985 Elected by Parliament [21]
1989
5 Ong Teng Cheong.jpg Ong Teng Cheong
(1936–2002)
Deputy Prime Minister 1 September
1993
1 September
1999
6 years 1993 952,513
(58.69%)
[22]
6 President of Singapore SR Nathan.jpg Sellapan Ramanathan
(1924–2016)
Ambassador-at-Large 1 September
1999
1 September
2011
12 years 1999 Uncontested [23]
2005
7 Tony Tan Keng Yam cropp.jpg Tony Tan Keng Yam
(born 1940)
Deputy Prime Minister 1 September
2011
1 September
2017
6 years 2011 745,693
(35.20%)
[24]
Chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers J. Y. Pillay as Acting President
1 September 2017–14 September 2017
[25]
8 Halimah Yacob at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg Halimah Yacob
(born 1954)
Speaker of Parliament 14 September
2017
14 September
2023
6 years 2017 Uncontested [26]
9 Tharman Shanmugaratnam Official photo 2023.tif Tharman Shanmugaratnam

(born 1957)

Senior Minister 14 September
2023
Incumbent
(14 September 2029)
1 year, 25 days 2023 1,749,261
(70.41%)
[27]


Timeline

Tharman ShanmugartnamHalimah YacobJ. Y. PillayTony TanS. R. NathanOng Teng CheongWee Kim WeeWee Chong JinDevan NairBenjamin ShearesYeoh Ghim SengYusof IshakList of presidents of Singapore

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S. R. Nathan</span> 6th President of Singapore (1924–2016)

Sellapan Ramanathan, often known as S. R. Nathan, was a Singaporean politician and civil servant who served as the sixth president of Singapore between 1999 and 2011. He was the longest-serving president in Singapore's history and the only one to serve two full terms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Singapore</span> Head of state of Singapore

The president of the Republic of Singapore is the head of state of Singapore. The president represents the country in official diplomatic functions and possesses certain executive powers over the Government of Singapore, including the control of the national reserves and the ability to revoke and appoint public service appointments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Sheares</span> Singaporean politician, physician and academic

Benjamin Henry Sheares was a Singaporean physician and academic who served as the second president of Singapore from 1971 until his death in 1981.

The Cultural Medallion is a cultural award in Singapore conferred to those who have achieved artistic excellence in dance, theatre, literature, music, photography, art and film. It is widely recognized as Singapore's pinnacle arts award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</span> President of Singapore since 2023

Tharman Shanmugaratnam, also known mononymously as Tharman, is a Singaporean politician and economist who has been serving as the ninth president of Singapore since 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Museum of Singapore</span> National museum of Singapore

The National Museum of Singapore is a public museum dedicated to Singaporean art, culture and history. Located within the country's Civic District at the Downtown Core area, it is the oldest museum in the country, with its history dating back to when it was first established in 1849, starting out as a section of a library at the Singapore Institution as the Raffles Library and Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yeoh Ghim Seng</span> Singaporean politician

Yeoh Ghim Seng was a Singaporean politician who served as Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore between 1970 and 1988.

Mark Chay Jung Jun is a former Singaporean freestyle swimmer who has represented the country in the SEA Games and Summer Olympics. His international swimming career began at the 1997 SEA Games and concluded at 2005 SEA Games. He has competed in a total of seven SEA Games, two Asian Games, two Commonwealth Games and two Olympics Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lim Kay Siu</span> Singaporean actor (born 1960)

Lim Kay Siu is a Singaporean character actor who has appeared in several Asian films, television series, and theatrical productions since the 1980s.

Cavinder Bull is a Singaporean lawyer and the chief executive officer of the law firm Drew & Napier. He has served in this position since August 2017, upon the departure of Davinder Singh to start his own practice. He has an active practice in complex litigation and international arbitration and is considered one of the top 15 litigators in South-East Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidential elections in Singapore</span> Electing Singapore President

Presidential elections in Singapore, in which the President of Singapore is directly elected by a popular vote, were introduced after a constitutional amendment made in 1991. Potential candidates for office must meet stringent qualifications set out in the Constitution. Certificates of Eligibility are issued by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC). In particular, the PEC must assess that they are persons of integrity, good character and reputation; and if they have not previously held certain key government appointments or were the chief executives of profitable companies with shareholders' equity of an average of S$500 million for the most recent three years in that office, they must demonstrate to the PEC that they held a position of comparable seniority and responsibility in the public or private sector that has given them experience and ability in administering and managing financial affairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Singaporean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Singapore on 13 September 2017. Following amendments to the Constitution of Singapore, which resulted in the elections being reserved for candidates from the Malay community, incumbent president Tony Tan, who had been elected in 2011, was ineligible to seek re-election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium</span> Burial place in Singapore

Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium is a crematorium and columbarium complex located at Mandai Road in Mandai, Singapore. The complex is operated by the Government of Singapore under the National Environment Agency. It is one of three government crematoria in Singapore, the other two being the Choa Chu Kang Columbarium and Yishun Columbarium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madame Tussauds Singapore</span> Wax museum and tourist attraction

Madame Tussauds Singapore is a wax museum and tourist attraction at the Imbiah Lookout of Sentosa Island in Singapore. It officially opened on 25 October 2014 as the seventh Asian branch of the Madame Tussauds chain of wax attractions worldwide.

Presidential elections were held in Singapore on 1 September 2023, the sixth public presidential elections but only the third to be contested by more than one candidate. Incumbent president Halimah Yacob, who had been elected unopposed in 2017, did not seek re-election.

The following lists events that happened during 2024 in the Republic of Singapore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koh Sok Hiong</span> Singaporean philanthropist and chef (1916–2018)

Koh Sok Hiong, also known as Ms Wee Kim Wee, was a Singaporean philanthropist and chef who served as the 4th Spouse of the President of Singapore from 1985 to 1993, of President Wee Kim Wee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chua Kim Yeow</span> Singaporean banker (1926–2016)

Chua Kim Yeow was a Singaporean banker and presidential candidate at the 1993 presidential election, the first election in Singapore to have a president elected by citizens instead of Parliament. Chua was unsuccessful, only garnering 41.31% of the vote as compared to Ong Teng Cheong's 58.69%, who became the fifth president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asiah Aman</span> Singaporean singer and actress (1931–2024)

Asiah binti Aman, also known by her stage name Nona Asiah, was a Singaporean singer and actress. Her career started in the 1940s where she worked as a singer during the Japanese occupation. Asiah's first film role was in 1948 when she sang on Malay film Chinta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chan Chee Seng</span> Singaporean former politician (1932–2022)

Chan Chee Seng was a Singaporean former politician. A former member of the People's Action Party (PAP), he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Jalan Besar Constituency from 1959 to 1984 and the Party Whip of the People's Action Party from 1963 to 1968.

References

Citations

  1. "REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE INDEPENDENCE ACT 1965". Singapore Statutes Online. 9 August 1965. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Yusof to be the first President". The Straits Times . 15 December 1965. p. 13. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  3. Constitution, Art. 19(2)(a)
  4. Constitution, Art. 19(2)(f)
  5. 1 2 Constitution, Art. 17A
  6. Cua, Genevieve (30 November 1991). "Powers of elected president come into effect today". The Business Times . p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  7. "Explanatory Material on the Role of the President under the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore" (PDF). Elections Department Singapore . p. 3. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  8. Constitution, Art. 19B
  9. Constitution, Art. 37IE
  10. Shafeeq, Syarafana (24 August 2023). "What the president can and cannot do: ELD explains". The Straits Times . ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  11. "Elected President's powers for President Wee". The Straits Times . 7 December 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 9 October 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  12. 1 2 "Sheares in a coma". The Straits Times . 11 May 1981. p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  13. "Life and times of Yusof Ishak, Singapore's first president". The Straits Times . 18 August 2014. ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  14. John, Alan (29 March 1985). "President resigns". The Straits Times . p. 1. Retrieved 6 October 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  15. Liang, Chong Zi (22 August 2016). "Former president S R Nathan dies, aged 92". The Straits Times . ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  16. Chia, Poteik (27 December 1970). "SHEARES TO BE PRESIDENT". The Straits Times . p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  17. "ACTING PRESIDENT". The Business Times . 12 May 1981. p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  18. Teo, Lian Huay (25 October 1981). "All rise for the new President". New Nation . p. 2. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  19. "No deadline on picking new President". The Straits Times . 29 March 1985. p. 14. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  20. "President Ong attends first official function". The Straits Times . 6 September 1993. p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2024 via NewspaperSG.
  21. "Singapore presidential election won by Tony Tan". BBC News . 27 August 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  22. Toh, Elgin (1 September 2017), "Pillay takes on role of acting president: CPA chairman will fill post until after Polling Day on Sept 23, or Nomination Day on Sept 13", The Straits Times , p. A9.
  23. Tham, Yuen-C (13 September 2017). "Halimah Yacob to be sworn in as Singapore's 8th president on Thursday: PMO". The Straits Times . ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  24. Goh, Yan Han (14 September 2023). "Tharman sworn in as S'pore's 9th president, reiterates plans to unite nation". The Straits Times . ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved 27 September 2024.

Legislation