Constituencies of Singapore

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Constituencies in Singapore are electoral divisions which may be represented by single or multiple seats in the Parliament of Singapore. Constituencies, also called the Divisions, are classified as either Single Member Constituencies (SMCs) or Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs). SMCs are single-seat constituencies but a GRC can have anywhere between three and six (in practice, four or five) seats in Parliament.

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Group Representation Constituencies

In 1988, the People's Action Party (PAP) introduced Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs) through an amendment to the Parliamentary Elections Act. [1] The President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister and guided by the Elections Department, may establish GRCs consisting of three to five electoral wards. The maximum size of GRCs has varied over time: initially three candidates, increasing to four in 1991, six between 1997 and 2020, and then reduced to five from the 2020 elections onwards. [2]

GRCs are a unique feature of Singaporean electoral politics, consisting of multi-member constituencies where teams, or slates, of candidates from a single party or independents compete for all available seats. Each GRC team must include at least one candidate from a minority race, such as a Malay, Indian, or Other. [2] Voting within GRCs follows a plurality voting system, where the party or group winning the most votes in a GRC secures all seats within that constituency. As a result, a party can accumulate a significant number of votes nationally but still fail to win certain GRCs. Historically, the PAP held all GRC seats until 2011. [3] The official purpose of GRCs, as explained by former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, is to ensure minority representation in Parliament and maintain a multiracial composition. [4]

Response

Opposition parties have criticised that the GRC system in making it more difficult for non-PAP candidates to win seats in Parliament. The high candidate deposit, which ranges from S$4,000 to S$16,000 and was most recently set at S$13,500 per candidate, increases the financial burden on opposition parties contesting GRCs. [2] Additionally, the inclusion of Cabinet Ministers as candidates in GRCs is viewed as an advantage for the PAP, a strategy that has been employed in vulnerable constituencies such as Cheng San GRC during the 1997 Singaporean general election. [5] The opposition has also raised concerns about last-minute boundary changes and has pointed to examples such as Joshua Benjamin Jeyaratnam's 1981 win in the Anson constituency, arguing that minority representation in Parliament has diminished since the GRC system was introduced.

The boundaries of electoral constituencies in Singapore are set by the Elections Department, which functions under the Prime Minister's Office. [6] These boundaries are typically announced shortly before elections, often only a few days before the election is officially called. [6] [7] Some observers have expressed concern over this process, particularly regarding the dissolution of constituencies where opposition parties had performed well. [8]

One frequently cited example in discussions about electoral boundary adjustments is Cheng San GRC. In the 1997 Singaporean general election, it was contested closely by the PAP and the Workers' Party of Singapore (WP), with the PAP winning 54.8% of the vote to WP’s 45.2%. Following the 2001 Singapore general election, Cheng San GRC was dissolved. Despite the challenges faced by opposition parties, the WP has since achieved success in winning GRCs, notably Aljunied GRC in the 2011 Singapore general election [8] and Sengkang GRC in the 2020 Singaporean general election.

Electoral Map (2020–2025)

As of January 2025, the number of electors in the latest Registers of Electors is 2,746,052.

Electoral boundaries during the Singapore general elections 2020.svg

Group Representation Constituencies

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixMinority representationElectoratePolling Districts [9] Wards
Aljunied Group Representation Constituency 5AJMalay & Indian150,30354Bedok Reservoir–Punggol
Eunos
Kaki Bukit
Paya Lebar
Serangoon
Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency 5AMIndian or other180,18659Ang Mo Kio–Hougang
Cheng San–Seletar
Jalan Kayu
Fernvale
Teck Ghee
Bishan–Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency 4BSMalay100,03634Bishan East–Sin Ming
Toa Payoh Central
Toa Payoh East
Toa Payoh West–Thomson
Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency 4CKMalay103,23134Brickland
Bukit Gombak
Chua Chu Kang
Keat Hong
East Coast Group Representation Constituency 5ECMalay120,23942Bedok
Changi–Simei
Fengshan
Kampong Chai Chee
Siglap
Holland–Bukit Timah Group Representation Constituency 4HTIndian112,99940Bukit Timah
Cashew
Ulu Pandan
Zhenghua
Jalan Besar Group Representation Constituency 4JBMalay106,57842Kampong Glam
Kolam Ayer
Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng
Whampoa
Jurong Group Representation Constituency 5JRIndian & Malay129,93347Bukit Batok East
Clementi
Jurong Central
Jurong Spring
Taman Jurong
Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency 5MAMalay137,90649Braddell Heights
Geylang Serai
Kembangan–Chai Chee
Marine Parade
Joo Chiat
Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency 4MYMalay114,24340Limbang
Marsiling
Woodgrove
Yew Tee
Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency 5NSIndian & Malay137,90645Chong Pang
Nee Soon Central
Nee Soon East
Nee Soon Link
Nee Soon South
Pasir Ris–Punggol Group Representation Constituency 5PNMalay & Indian161,95265Pasir Ris West
Pasir Ris Central
Pasir Ris East
Punggol Coast
Punggol Shore
Sembawang Group Representation Constituency 5SBMalay & Indian139,72447Admiralty
Canberra
Sembawang Central
Sembawang West
Woodlands
Sengkang Group Representation Constituency 4SKMalay117,54638Anchorvale (WP) / Sengkang West (PAP)
Buangkok (WP) / Sengkang Central (PAP)
Compassvale (WP) / Sengkang North (PAP)
Rivervale (WP) / Sengkang East (PAP)
Tampines Group Representation Constituency 5TMMalay147,24960Tampines Central
Tampines Changkat
Tampines East
Tampines North
Tampines West
Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency 5TPIndian132,59853Buona Vista
Henderson–Dawson
Moulmein–Cairnhill
Queenstown
Tanjong Pagar–Tiong Bahru
West Coast Group Representation Constituency 5WEIndian144,51651Ayer Rajah–Gek Poh
Boon Lay
Nanyang
Telok Blangah
West Coast

Single Member Constituencies

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixElectoratePolling Districts [9]
Bukit Batok Single Member Constituency 1BB29,38910
Bukit Panjang Single Member Constituency 1BP35,25812
Hong Kah North Single Member Constituency 1HN23,51916
Hougang Single Member Constituency 1HG25,6299
Kebun Baru Single Member Constituency 1KB22,4138
MacPherson Single Member Constituency 1MP27,65210
Marymount Single Member Constituency 1MR23,4397
Mountbatten Single Member Constituency 1MB23,9578
Pioneer Single Member Constituency 1PI24,6799
Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency 1PP18,55112
Punggol West Single Member Constituency 1PW25,4407
Radin Mas Single Member Constituency 1RM25,16710
Yio Chu Kang Single Member Constituency 1YK26,04610
Yuhua Single Member Constituency 1YH21,1888

Current Electoral Map (2025–present)

As of March 2025, the number of electors in the latest Registers of Electors is 2,758,095.

Constituencies for Singapore's General Election 2025.svg

Group Representation Constituencies (2025)

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixMinority representationElectoratePolling Districts [10] Wards
Aljunied Group Representation Constituency 5AJMalay144,27651Bedok Reservoir–Punggol
Eunos
Kaki Bukit
Paya Lebar
Serangoon
Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency 5AMIndian or other161,49455Ang Mo Kio–Hougang
Buangkok–Fernvale South
Cheng San
Seletar–Serangoon
Teck Ghee
Bishan–Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency 4BSMalay98,67935Bishan East–Sin Ming
Toa Payoh Central
Toa Payoh East
Toa Payoh West–Thomson
Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency 4CKMalay93,51235 [note 1] Brickland–Tengah
Chua Chu Kang
Keat Hong
Tengah
East Coast Group Representation Constituency 5ECMalay151,02453Bedok
Changi–Simei
Fengshan
Joo Chiat
Kampong Chai Chee
Holland–Bukit Timah Group Representation Constituency 4HTIndian or other123,16940Bukit Timah
Cashew
Ulu Pandan
Zhenghua
Jalan Besar Group Representation Constituency 4JBMalay106,32742Kampong Glam
Kolam Ayer
Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng
Whampoa
Jurong East–Bukit Batok Group Representation Constituency 5JEIndian or other142,72848Bukit Batok
Bukit Batok East
Clementi
Hong Kah North
Yuhua
Marine Parade–Braddell Heights Group Representation Constituency 5MHMalay131,78947Braddell Heights
Geylang Serai
Kembangan
MacPherson
Marine Parade
Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency 4MYMalay119,51641Limbang
Marsiling
Woodgrove
Yew Tee
Nee Soon Group Representation Constituency 5NSIndian or other151,83650Chong Pang
Nee Soon Central
Nee Soon East
Nee Soon Link
Nee Soon South
Pasir Ris–Changi Group Representation Constituency 4PCMalay100,70632Changi
Pasir Ris Central
Pasir Ris East
Pasir Ris West
Punggol Group Representation Constituency 4PGIndian or other123,77843Punggol Coast
Punggol North
Punggol Shore
Punggol West
Sembawang Group Representation Constituency 5SBMalay134,10346Admiralty
Canberra
Naval Base
Sembawang Central
Woodlands
Sengkang Group Representation Constituency 4SKMalay126,80841Anchorvale (WP) / Sengkang West (PAP)
Buangkok (WP) / Sengkang Central (PAP)
Compassvale (WP) / Sengkang North (PAP)
Rivervale (WP) / Sengkang East (PAP)
Tampines Group Representation Constituency 5TMMalay148,09855 [note 1] Tampines Boulevard
Tampines Central
Tampines East
Tampines North
Tampines West
Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency 5TPIndian or other140,07552Buona Vista
Henderson–Dawson
Moulmein–Cairnhill
Telok Blangah
Tanjong Pagar–Tiong Bahru
West Coast-Jurong West Group Representation Constituency 5WJIndian or other158,81754 [note 1] Ayer Rajah
Boon Lay
Jurong Spring–Gek Poh
Nanyang
Taman Jurong
West Coast

Single Member Constituencies

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixElectoratePolling Districts [10]
Bukit Gombak Single Member Constituency 1BG26,4187
Bukit Panjang Single Member Constituency 1BP33,59412
Hougang Single Member Constituency 1HG29,4669
Jalan Kayu Single Member Constituency 1JK29,62010
Jurong Central Single Member Constituency 1JU29,66912
Kebun Baru Single Member Constituency 1KR22,2519
Marymount Single Member Constituency 1MR23,2647
Mountbatten Single Member Constituency 1MB22,8317
Pioneer Single Member Constituency 1PI25,1959
Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency 1PS30,95910
Queenstown Single Member Constituency 1QT28,90511
Radin Mas Single Member Constituency 1RM25,55911
Sembawang West Single Member Constituency 1SE24,1927
Tampines Changkat Single Member Constituency 1TC24,0329 [note 1]
Yio Chu Kang Single Member Constituency 1YK25,4049

See also

References

  1. Now the Parliamentary Elections Act( Cap. 218,2011 Rev. Ed. )
  2. 1 2 3 Hussin Mutalib, 'Constitutional-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 665.
  3. Elections types - electoral Archived 23 April 2025 at the Wayback Machine , accessed 18 Apr 2025.
  4. Hussin Mutalib, 'Constitutional-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 664.
  5. Hussin Mutalib, 'Constituational-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 666.
  6. 1 2 Alex Au Waipang, 'The Ardour of Tokens: Opposition Parties' Struggle to Make a Difference', in T.Chong (eds), Management of Success: Singapore Revisited (Singapore, 2010), p. 106.
  7. Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne, Singapore Under the People's Action Party (London, 2002), p. 143.
  8. 1 2 Bilveer Singh, Politics and Governance in Singapore: An Introduction (Singapore, 2007), p. 172.
  9. 1 2 "The Report of the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee, 2020" (PDF). Elections Department Singapore. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  10. 1 2 "The Report of the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee, 2025" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
  1. 1 2 3 4 Polling districts AJ53, AJ54, CK01, CK02, EC42, HT40, JR47, MY14, PS11 and WE27 have to share polling stations near each other to optimise demand.