List of Thai monarchs

King of Thailand
พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย
Royal Standard (since 1910)
Incumbent
Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) since 13 October 2016
Details
Style	His Majesty
Heir presumptive	Dipangkorn Rasmijoti
First monarch	Si Inthrathit
Formation	1238;787 years ago (1238)
Residence	Grand Palace (ceremonial) Dusit Palace (residential)
Website	royaloffice.th

The family tree of Thai monarchs

The succession of Thai monarchs began with Si Inthrathit at the establishment of the first Thai kingdom in 1238. With brief interruptions, 55 monarchs have ruled over four successive kingdoms, the current monarch being Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) of the Chakri dynasty.

Titles and naming conventions

Further information: Thai royal ranks and titles

In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch used the title Pho Khun (Thai : พ่อขุน), and monarchs who reigned over the period of decline after Ram Khamhaeng the Great used the title Phraya (Thai : พญา).

In the Ayutthaya Kingdom and afterward, thanandon , the system of Thai royal titles, determines the style of the monarch's full regnal name (which includes the title), consisting of two interconnected parts:

• The first part is the title Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua (Thai : พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว, 'His Majesty the King'). The title is split by the regnal name, written between Phra and Chao. If the monarch was not formally crowned, Phra Bat is omitted. If the monarch ruled as a tributary or was usurped, Somdet may be omitted.
  • Sometimes, Chao Yu Hua is fully omitted. Other times, only Yu Hua is omitted, in which case Chao follows the remaining components of the title and precedes the regnal name.
• The second part is the regnal name, of which only a portion may be used to commonly refer to the monarch. It may differ from their birth name, their name as uparaja (viceroy), or their posthumous name and/or historical style. This list refers to monarchs by the names most often used by traditional historians. ^[1]

Western nations referred to the monarch as the "King of Siam" (Latin : Rex Siamensium), regardless of Thai titles, since the initiation of relations in the 16th century. Mongkut (Rama IV) was the first monarch to adopt the title when the name Siam was first used in an international treaty. ^[2] When the kingdom's name was changed to Thailand, the monarch's Western title changed accordingly. ^[3]

Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)

Further information: Sukhothai Kingdom, Mueang Chaliang, and Asadvarapura Kingdom (Xiū Luó Fēn)

Tai peoples migrated into mainland Southeast Asia in the 8th–10th centuries. ^[4] In the years after, Northern Thai groups established mueang that evolved into larger states, such as Ngoenyang. ^{[5] [6]} However, it was not until the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century that a Central Thai kingdom politically and culturally related to modern Thailand was first founded.

Sukhothai Kingdom in 1293

Pre-Sukhothai era (pre–1238)

Lavo suzerainty era
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Inthrachaithirat [7] อินทราไชยธิราช	679	687	Overthrown by Phalithirat
Phalithirat [7] พาลีธิราช	687	unknown (8th century)	Son of Kalavarnadisharaja, the first King of Lavo
8th century, abandoned after an invasion by the Suvarnakhomkham Kingdom
Haripunchai suzerainty era
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Aphaikhamini [8] อภัยคามินี	957	959	A Mon who fled Haripunchai
Sri Chanthrathibodi [8] ศรีจันทราธิบดี	959	unknown (10th century)	A Lavo commoner
Khmer suzerainty era
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Arunakuman [9] อรุณกุมาร	unknown	until 1052	A son of Aphaikhamini
City-state is partitioned into Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai, after this the city was ruled from Si-Satchanalai
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Phra Phanom Thale Sri พระพนมทะเลศรี	1155	1157	Also King of Lavo (1150–1155 or 1210), King of Singburi (1169–1188), and King of Phrip Phri (1188–1225)
Suryaraja สุริยราชา	1156	1184	Seat at Kamphaeng Phet Counsin of Phra Phanom Thale Sri
De facto independent
Candraraja จันทราชา	1184	1214	Stop sending tribute to Khmer Father of Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit, first independent king of Sukhothai
E Daeng Phloeng อีแดงเพลิง	1214	1219	Possibly a Mon, name found in the Wat Si Chum Inscription
Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai is merged
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Sri Naw Nam Thum ศรีนาวนำถุม	1219	unknown	Noble from Si Satchanalai overthrowing E Daeng Phloeng, also a possible king of Sri Satchanalai
Khom Sabat Khlon Lamphong ขอมสบาดโขลญลำพง	unknown		Deposed Sri Naw Nam Thum,
Pha Muang ผาเมือง	unknown	until 1238	Son of Sri Naw Nam Thum, friend and ally of Inthrabodinthrathit
Submission under Inthrabodinthrathit , and the subsequent independence from Khmer suzerainty

Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438; 1468 – 1474)

The Phra Ruang dynasty was the only royal lineage that ruled over the Sukhothai Kingdom, the first Central Thai state. Established by Si Inthrathit in 1238, who declared independence from the Khmer Empire, the dynasty laid the foundations for Thai society. ^[10] Under Ram Khamhaeng the Great, the initial Thai script was invented and Theravāda Buddhism was established as the state religion. ^{[11] : 197  [12] : 25}

The dynasty is named after the Traiphum Phra Ruang, a Buddhist cosmology book written by Maha Thammaracha I. During his reign, the kingdom was invaded by Ayutthaya, a neighboring Thai state, becoming a tributary during the reign of Maha Thammaracha II. ^{[11] : 222}

In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch ruled from the city of Sukhothai, while the heir presumptive would occasionally be named uparaja, or viceroy, and ruled in Si Satchanalai. In 1438, Ayutthaya annexed Sukhothai at the death of Maha Thammaracha IV when Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya named his son Prince Ramesuan uparaja. In Ayutthaya, the tradition would evolve into the Front Palace system. ^[13]

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details	Viceroy
1		Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์	Pho Khun Si Inthrathit พ่อขุนศรีอินทราทิตย์ or Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao พ่อขุนบางกลางหาว	1238 – 1270 (32 years)	First King of Sukhothai Descendant of Asadvarapura Kingdom's Royals	1188 – 1270 (aged 82) Ruled locally in the Khmer Empire as Bang Klang Hao. His rebellion led to the establishment of Sukhothai, the first Central Thai kingdom [14]	vacant
2		Pho Khun Ban Mueang พ่อขุนบานเมือง		1270 – 1279 (9 years)	Son of Si Inthrathit	c. 1237 – 1279 (aged approx. 42) Namesake for birth name of Maha Thammaracha IV [15]	Ram (brother)
3		Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช	Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng the Great พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช	1279 – 1298 (19 years)	Son of Si Inthrathit	c. 1237/1247 – 1298 (aged approx. 51/61) Oversaw the height of Sukhothai prosperity, the development of the Thai script, and the propagation of Theravada Buddhism within Sukhothai [11]	vacant
(-)		Phaya Sai Songkhram พญาไสสงคราม		1298	Son of Ram Khamhaeng	late c.1200s – unknown (aged approx. 51/61) Reigned as regent until Loe Thai ascended
4		Phraya Loe Thai พระยาเลอไทย		1298 – 1323 (25 years)	Son of Ram Khamhaeng	c. 1262 – 1323 (aged approx. 61) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Thwe-Da. [16] His reign saw the decline of Sukhothai, as regions conquered by Ram Khamhaeng broke away	Li Thai (son)
5		Phraya Ngua Nam Thum พระยางั่วนำถุม		1323 – 1347 (24 years)	Son of Ban Mueang	c. 1266 – 1347 (aged approx. 81) Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Htapi. [17] Origin of his name is disputed [18]	Li Thai (nephew)
(-)		name unknown		1347	Son of Ngua Nam Thum	(late c.1200s to c.1300s) – c.1347(aged approx. unknown) Crowned after Ngua Nam Thum, then Li Thai, then lord of Si Satchanalai and viceroy, marched his army and overthrown a son of Ngua Nam Thum in a coup where "he killed all his enemies". [19]	vacant
6		Phra Maha Thammaracha I พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑	Phraya Li Thai พระยาลิไทย	1347 – 1368 (21 years)	Son of Loe Thai Overthrew son of Ngua Nam Thum	c. 1300 – 1368 (aged approx. 68) Known for his devotion to Buddhist philosophy and writing. [20] During his reign, Ayutthaya began to invade into Sukhothai [11]
1378: Sukhothai became a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
7		Phra Maha Thammaracha II พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๒	Phraya Lue Thai พระยาลือไทย	1368 – c. 1400 (approx. 32 years)	Son of Maha Thammaracha I	c. 1358 – 1400 (aged approx. 42) Born Lue Thai. Under his rule, the dynasty continued under tributary status [11]	vacant
8		Phra Maha Thammaracha III พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๓	Phraya Sai Lue Thai พระยาไสลือไทย	c. 1400 – 1419 (approx. 19 years)	Son of Maha Thammaracha II	c. 1380 – 1419 (aged approx. 39) Born Sai Lue Thai
9		Phra Maha Thammaracha IV พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔	Phraya Borommapan พระยาบรมปาล	1419 – 1438 (19 years)	Son of Maha Thammaracha III Succession War	c. 1401 – 1438 (aged approx. 37) Born Borommapan. Won the throne against his brother after the intervention of King Intharachathirat of Ayutthaya. [21] Upon his death, King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son as uparaja, ending the Phra Ruang succession [13]
1438: De facto annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom ending Sukhothai autonomy.
Borommatrailokkanat's reign
(-)		Phraya Yutthisathian พระยายุทธิษเฐียร		1468 – 1474 (6 years)	Son of Maha Thammaracha IV	c.1420s – c.1480s (mentioned)(aged approx. 60) Was to be appointed the viceroy under Borommatrailokkanat, instead was apointed Phraya Songkhwae (Phitsanulok). Sometime later, he was appointed viceroy of Sukhothai. Removed as viceroy, stripped of all titles and lands	vacant
Ramathibodi II's reign
1529: De jure annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom, as the position of Viceroy (Uparat)of Sukhothai was now defunct

Suphannaphum Dynasty (1438 – 1468; 1474 – 1529)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details	Viceroy
(-)		Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ	Phra Ramesuan (II) พระราเมศวร (ที่๒)	1438 – 1468 (30 years)	Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II Son of Borommarachathirat II	1431 – 1488 (aged approx. 57) Installed by Borommarachathirat II as viceroy of Sukhothai, tying Sukhothai in a personal union after becoming king of Ayutthaya.	vacant
Yutthisathian appointed as Viceroy
interregnum
(-)		Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒	Phra Chetthathirat พระเชษฐาธิราช	1488 – 1529 (41 years)	Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II Son of Borommatrailokkanat	1472 – 1529 (aged approx. 57) Installed by Borommarachathirat II as viceroy of Sukhothai	vacant
1529: De jure annexation with Ayutthaya Kingdom, as the position of Viceroy (Uparat)of Sukhothai was now defunct

Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)

Further information: Siam Confederation (Xiān), Lavo Kingdom, Suphannabhum, Phrip Phri, Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom, and Syamapura Kingdom (Qiān Zhī Fú)

Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1468

The Ayutthaya Kingdom was a result of a unification between two states: the Kingdom of Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) and the Kingdom of Lavo. Though the Kingdom of Lavo was originally a Mon kingdom, the migration of the Tai peoples into the Chao Phraya basin replaced the original Mons, consequently becoming the governors of these regions. This resulted in the capital moving from Lavapura (Lopburi) and Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) to Ayodhya (Old Ayutthaya), a new capital. ^[22] Later on, the Kingdom of Nakhon si Thammarat came under the influence of Ayutthaya after seceding from Sukhothai, and Sukhothai losing influence and coming under Ayutthayan influence.

This conflict would last long into the history of Ayutthaya Kingdom, where families from the four major regional kingdoms vie over the throne of the kingdom. These kingdoms are: Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kingdom of Sukhothai, Kingdom of Lavo, and Kingdom of Suphannaphum. The Kingdom of Sukhothai was integrated into the Kingdom of Ayutthaya along with its noble families. ^[23]

Pre-Ayutthaya era (pre–1351)

Ayodhya Governor Seat
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Phra Narai พระนารายณ์	1082	1087	Both ruler of the Ayodhya seat and the Kingdom of Lavo
Vacancy of the governor seat; the line split into the Ayodhya seat and the Lavapura (Lavo) seat
Phra Chao Luang พระเจ้าหลวง	1089	1111
Sai Nam Peung สายน้ำผึ้ง	1165	1205
Phra Chao Thammikaraja พระเจ้าธรรมิกราชา	1205	1253	Full regnal name according to the Miscellaneous Laws (Phra Aiyakan Betset) under the parent law, Three Seals Law , enacted in 1225 AD (BE 1768): Phrabat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Sriwisutthiburusodom Borommachakkraphat Thammikaraja Dechochaithepadithep Triphuwanathibet Barombophit Phra Phutthi Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเดจ์พระรามาธิบดีศรีวิสุทธิบุรุโสดมบรมจักรพรรดิธรรมิกกราชเดโชไชเทพาดิเทพตรีภูวนาธิเบศ บรมบพิตรพระพุทธิเจ้าอยู่หัว) [24]
Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง	1253	1289
Phra Chao Chaisen พระเจ้าชัยเสน	1289	1301
Phra Chao Suwanracha พระเจ้าสุวรรณราชา	1301	1310
Phra Chao Thammaracha พระเจ้าธรรมราชา	1310	1344
Phra Boromracha พระบรมราชา	1344	1351
Phra Chao Uthong พระเจ้าอู่ทอง	1344	1351	After King Phraek Si Racha of the Lavapura seat passed, the throne passed through his daughter Son Sai, onto her son, the governor of Ayodhya: Phra Chao Uthong [25]
Governorship of Lavo merged with the Ayutthaya governorship when Uthong inherited Lavo Lavo merged into the Ayutthayan crown in 1388 under King Ramesuan

1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession
1		Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I of Lavo and Ayutthaya สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๑ andPhra Chao Uthong V of Suphannaphum พระเจ้าอู่ทองที่ ๕	Worachetha Kuman วรเชษฐกุมาร	3 April 1314	4 March 1351 [26]	1369 (18 years) (63 years old)		First King of Ayutthaya First King of Unified Lavo-Suphannaphum-Phripphri (Siam Confederation) Descendant of Lavo Kingdom's Royals Son-in-law of Uthong III of Suphannaphum Son of Boromracha of Lavo
2		Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร		1339	1369	1370 (less than one year) (abdicated)	1395 (56 years old)	Son of Ramathibodi I

1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)

Further information: Suphannabhum

As previously mentioned, the kingdom of Ayutthaya was the result of the unification between two federations: Lavo and Suphannaphum. The ruling dynasty of Lavo gave rise to the Uthong Dynasty, in which the Suphannaphum dynasty came from the Suphannaphum federation. This federation held significant influence within the kingdom leading them to take control of the throne in 1310.

Suphannaphum Governor Seat
Regnal name	Reign from	Reign until	Notes
Uthong I	1163	1205	Younger brother of Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri , King of Phip Phli
Uthong II	1205	Unknown	Son of Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri Potentially ruled from Ayodhya
Vacant	Unknown	Mid-13th-C.
Saenpom  [ th ]	Unknown (Mid to late 13th century)		Possible Khom Sabat Khlon Lamphong [27] Suphan Buri was a tributary state of the Sukhothai Kingdom (1283–1298)
Uthong III	Unknown	1335	Son of Saenpom  [ th ] Possible father or father-in-law of Pha Ngua
Uthong IV	1335	1351	Son of Uthong III
Pha Ngua	1351	1370	Foundation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351) Later became King Borommarachathirat I
Pha Ngua became King Borommarachathirat I
Sri Thephahurat	1370	1374	Younger brother or son of Borommarachathirat I Father or relative of Nakhon In Born into a Suphannaphum father and a Phra Ruang mother
Nakhon In	1374	1408	Also the crown prince of Xiānluó Later became King Intharachathirat
Nakhon In became King Intharachathirat
Ai Phaya	1408	1424	Son of Intharachathirat Older brother of Borommarachathirat II
Suphannaphum merged into the Ayutthayan crown

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession
3		Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑	Khun Luang Pha Ngua ขุนหลวงพะงั่ว	1310	1370	1388 (18 years) (78 years old)		Descendant of Suphannaphum Kingdom's Royals Son of Boromracha of Suphannaphum Son-in-law of Boromracha of Lavo Overthrew Ramesuan
4		Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน		1374	1388 (7 days) (14 years old)			Son of Borommarachathirat I

2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession
(2)		Somdet Phra Ramesuan สมเด็จพระราเมศวร		1339	1388	1395 (7 years) (56 years old)		Son of Ramathibodi I Overthrew Thong Lan
5		Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช	Somdet Phraya Ram Chao สมเด็จพญารามเจ้า	1356	1395	1409 (14 years) (usurped)	?	Son of Ramesuan

2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
6		Somdet Phra Nakhon Intharachathirat สมเด็จพระนครอินทราชาธิราช	Chao Nakhon In เจ้านครอินทร์	1359	1409	1424 (15 years) (65 years old)		Son of Borommarachathirat I Grandson of Loe Thai Overthrew Ramrachathirat
7		Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒	Chao Sam Phraya เจ้าสามพระยา	1386	1424	1448 (24 years) (62 years old)		Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Nakhon Intharachathirat Grandson of Maha Thammaracha I Succession War, won by not participating	Ramesuan (son)
8		Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ	Phra Ramesuan (II) พระราเมศวร (ที่๒)	1431	1448	1488 (40 years) (57 years old)		Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Borommarachathirat II Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II	Chettha (son)
Administrative reform Chatusadom, 1454
9		Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓	Phra Borommaracha พระบรมราชา	1462	1488	1491 (3 years) (29 years old)		Son of Borommatrailokkanat Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II	Chettha (brother)
10		Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒	Phra Chetthathirat พระเชษฐาธิราช	1473	1491	10 October 1529 (38 years) (56 years old)		Viceroy of Sukhothai Son of Borommatrailokkanat Great-Grandson of Maha Thammaracha II	Athittayawong (son)
11		Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔	Phra Athittayawong พระอาทิตยวงศ์	1488	10 October 1529	1533 (4 years) (45 years old)		Son of Ramathibodi II	Chairacha (brother)
12		Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช		1529	1533 (5 months) (4 years old)			Son of Borommarachathirat IV (under a regency)	Vacant
13		Somdet Phra Chairachathirat สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช		1499	1533	1546 (13 years) (47 years old)		Younger Brother of Borommarachathirat IV Overthrew Ratsadathirat
14		Somdet Phra Yotfa สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า		1535	1546	1548 (2 years) (usurped)	10 June 1548 (13 years old)	Son of Chairachathirat
—		Khun Worawongsathirat ขุนวรวงศาธิราช	Bunsi บุญศรี	1503	before 10 June 1548	11 November 1548 – 5 January 1549 (154 days) (45 years old)		Count of Ayutthaya Step-father of Yotfa Overthrew Yotfa	Chan (brother)
15		Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ	Phra Chao Chang Pheuak พระเจ้าช้างเผือก or Phra Thianracha พระเทียรราชา	1509	1548	1564 (18 years)		Younger Brother of Borommarachathirat IV and Chairachathirat Overthrew Worawongsathirat Abdicated and Entered Monkhood (1564-1568)	Ramesuan (son)
					1568	1569 (1 year) (60 years old)		De facto second reign as co-king, installed by Mahinthrathirat	Mahin (son)
16		Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช		1539	1568	2 August 1569 (1 year) (deposed)	c. late 1569 (30 years old)	Son of Maha Chakkraphat and Suriyothai	Vacant
First Fall of Ayutthaya

Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
Vassal of the First Toungoo Empire (1569–1584)
17		Somdet Phra Sanphet I สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑ (Name given by Bayinnaung - Toungoo Emperor ) or Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat I สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑	Khun Phirenthorathep ขุนพิเรนเทพ or Somdet Phra Maha Thammaracha V สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๕ (Name given by King Maha Chakkraphat)	1517	1569	c. 30 June 1590 (21 years) (73 years old)		Marquess of Phitsanulok Descendant of the Phra Ruang Dynasty of Sukhothai Son-in-law of Maha Chakkraphat Installed by Bayinnaung of Toungoo Empire	Naresuan (son)
Independence from the First Toungoo Empire, 1584
18		Somdet Phra Sanphet II สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๒	Somdet Phra Naresuan the Great สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช	1555/56	1 July 1590	25 April 1605 (15 years) (49 years old)		Son of Sanphet I	Ekathotsarot (brother)
19		Somdet Phra Sanphet III สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓	Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot สมเด็จพระเอกาทศรถ	1557	25 April 1605	1610 (5 years) (53 years old)		Son of Sanphet I	Suthat (son)
20		Somdet Phra Sanphet IV สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๔	Somdet Phra Si Saowaphak สมเด็จพระศรีเสาวภาคย์	1585	1610	1611 (1 year, 2 months) (26 years old)		Son of Sanphet III	Vacant
21		Somdet Phra Borommaracha I สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๑	Somdet Phra Songtham สมเด็จพระเจ้าทรงธรรม	1590	1611	12 December 1628 (17 years) (38 years old)		Son of Sanphet III Next in line after the murder of Sanphet IV	Si Sorarak (son)
22		Somdet Phra Borommaracha II สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๒	Somdet Phra Chetthathirat (II) สมเด็จพระเชษฐาธิราช	c. 1613	12 December 1628	1628–1629 (1 year) (16 years old)		Son of Borommaracha I	Vacant
23		Somdet Phra Athittayawong สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์		1620	1629 (36 days) (usurped)		1637 (17 years old)	Son of Borommaracha I Overthrew Borommaracha II , with Sanphet V's help

Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
24		Somdet Phra Chao Sanphet V สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๕	Somdet Phra Chao Prasat Thong สมเด็จพระเจ้าปราสาททอง	1599	1629 [28] [29]	August 1655 (26 years) (56 years old)		Defence Minister and Marquess of Ayutthaya Son-in-law of Borommaracha I unclear origins: maternal cousin of Borommaracha I or illegitimate son of Sanphet III Overthrew Athittayawong	Vacant
25		Somdet Phra Sanphet VI สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๖	Somdet Chao Fa Chai สมเด็จเจ้าฟ้าไชย	1630	August 1655	1656 (1 year) (26 years old)		Son of Sanphet V
26		Somdet Phra Sanphet VII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๗	Somdet Phra Si Suthammaracha สมเด็จพระศรีสุธรรมราชาธ	1600	August 1656	26 October 1656 (~2 months) (56 years old)		Brother of Sanphet V Overthrew Sanphet VI	Narai (nephew)
27		Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๓	Somdet Phra Narai the Great สมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราช	16 February 1632	26 October 1656	11 July 1688 (32 years) (56 years old)		Son of Sanphet V Overthrew Sanphet VII	Vacant
The Siamese revolution of 1688; populist upheaval [30]

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
28		Somdet Phra Phetracha สมเด็จพระเพทราชา	Somdet Phra Mahaburut สมเด็จพระมหาบุรุษ	1632	11 July 1688	5 February 1703 (14 years) (71 years old)		Elephant Corps Minister and General Son-in-law, Brother-in-law of Ramathibodi III Overthrew Ramathibodi III	Sorasak (stepson)
29		Somdet Phra Sanphet VIII สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๘	Somdet Phra Suriyenthrathibodi สมเด็จพระเจ้าสุริเยนทราธิบดี or Phra Chao Seua พระเจ้าเสือ	1661	5 February 1703	9 February 1709 (6 years) (48 years old)		Adoptive Son of Phetracha Son of Ramathibodi III	Phet (son)
30		Somdet Phra Sanphet IX สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๙	Phra Chao Thai Sa พระเจ้าท้ายสระ	1679	9 February 1709	13 January 1733 (23 years) (54 years old)		Son of Sanphet VIII	Phon (brother)
31		Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat II สมเด็จพระมหา ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒	Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Borommakot สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวบรมโกศ	c. 1681 [31]	13 January 1733	26 April 1758 (26 years) (77 years old)		Son of Sanphet VIII Succession War, overthrew the heir apparent - Prince Aphai	Senaphithak (son)
									Phonphinit (son)
32		Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III สมเด็จพระมหา ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓	Somdet Phra Chao Uthumphon สมเด็จพระเจ้าอุทุมพร	1733	1 May 1758	1758 (3 months)	1796 (~63 years old)	Son of Maha Thammarachathirat II	Vacant
					1760			De facto second reign as co-king, installed by Ayutthayan Nobles
					refused a third de facto reign, taken to Konbaung as hostage until death
33		Somdet Phra Borommaracha III สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓	Somdet Phra Thinang Suriyat Amarin สมเด็จพระที่นั่งสุริยาศน์อมรินทร์ or Somdet Phra Chao Ekkathat สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอกทัศ	1718	1758	7 April 1767 (9 years)	17 April 1767 (49 years old)	Son of Maha Thammarachathirat II Overthrew Maha Thammarachathirat III
Second Fall of Ayutthaya

Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)

Further information: Thonburi Kingdom and Taksin's reunification of Siam

Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)

No.	Portrait	Regnal name	Personal name	Birth	Reign from	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
1		Somdet Phra Sanphet X สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐ or Somdet Phra Borommaracha IV สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๔	Somdet Phra Chao Taksin the Great สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช	17 April 1734	28 December 1767	1 April 1782 (14 years) (deposed) [32] [33] [a]	7 April 1782 (47 years old) (executed) [b]	Marquess of Tak Son-in-law of Rama I Reunited Ayutthaya, refounding it as Thonburi	Inthraphithak (son)
The coup seized power as the Rattanakosin Kingdom [35]

Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)

Further information: Rattanakosin Kingdom

Chakri dynasty (1782–present)

Further information: Chakri dynasty

No.	Portrait	Regnal name and Seal	Ceremonial name	Birth (Parents)	Accession (Coronation)	Reign until	Death	Succession	Viceroy
1		Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔ (name originally taken) or Rama I พระรามที่ ๑ (รัชกาลที่ ๑) (retroactively given)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรโมรุราชามหาจักรีบรมนารถ พระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช (posthumously by Rama III) or Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Kasatseuk สมเด็จเจ้าพระยามหากษัตริย์ศึก	20 March 1737 4th child (2nd son) of Thongdi and Daoreung	6 April 1782 (1st: 10 June 1782, 2nd: 17 June 1785)	7 September 1809 (27 years, 154 days) (72 years old)		Prime Minister & Duke of Ayutthaya Father-in-law of Sanphet X Descendant of Kosa Pan unclear origins: possible descandant of Sanphet III Overthrew Sanphet X	Maha Sura Singhanat (brother)
									Itsarasunthon (son)
2		Rama II พระรามที่ ๒ (รัชกาลที่ ๒) (retroactively given)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Maha Itsarasunthon Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai พระบาทสมเด็จพระบรมราชพงษเชษฐมเหศวรสุนทร พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย (posthumously by Rama III)	24 February 1767 4th child (2nd son) of Rama I and Queen Amarindra	7 September 1809 (17 September 1809)	21 July 1824 (14 years, 317 days) (57 years old)		Son of Rama I	Maha Senanurak (brother)
3		Rama III พระรามที่ ๓ (รัชกาลที่ ๓) (retroactively given)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Chetsadabodin Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมาธิวรเสรฐมหาเจษฎาบดินทรฯ พระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (posthumously by Rama IV) or Phra Maha Chettha Chao พระมหาเจษฎาราชเจ้า	31 March 1788 3rd child (2nd son) of Rama II and 1st child of Consort Sri Sulalai	21 July 1824 (1 August 1824)	2 April 1851 (26 years, 255 days) (63 years old)		Minister of Trade and Foreign Affairs Son of Rama II Elected by the Council of Nobles	Sakdiphonlasep (uncle)
4		Rama IV พระรามที่ ๔ (รัชกาลที่ ๔) (retroactively given)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthayathe Great พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช	18 October 1804 44th child (22nd son) of Rama II and 2nd child of Queen Sri Suriyendra	2 April 1851 (15 May 1851)	1 October 1868 (17 years, 182 days) (63 years old)		Son of Rama II Elected by the Council of Nobles	Pinklao (brother)
The feudal system was changed to absolute monarchy in 1892
5		Rama V พระรามที่ ๕ (รัชกาลที่ ๕) (retroactively given)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ฯ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phra Piya the Great พระปิยมหาราช (his full name is 979 characters long)	20 September 1853 9th child (5th son) of Rama IV and 1st child of Queen Debsirindra	1 October 1868 (1st: 11 November 1868, 2nd: 16 November 1873)	23 October 1910 (42 years, 22 days) (57 years old)		Son of Rama IV Elected by the Council of Nobles (Regency until 1873)	Wichaichan (cousin)
									Viceroyalty abolished in 1885 after the Front Palace Crisis
6		Rama VI พระรามที่ ๖ (รัชกาลที่ ๖) (new regnal name)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว or Phrabat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว (name to be used during his lifetime) or Phra Maha Thirarat Chao พระมหาธีรราชเจ้า	1 January 1881 28th child (11th son) of Rama V and 2nd child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri	23 October 1910 (1st: 11 November 1910, 2nd: 28 November 1911)	26 November 1925 (15 years, 34 days) (44 years old)		Prince of Ayutthaya Sri Dvaravati Son of Rama V Crown Prince
7		Rama VII พระรามที่ ๗ (รัชกาลที่ ๗)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pokklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาประชาธิปก พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว	8 November 1893 27th child (31st son) of Rama V and 9th child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri	26 November 1925 (25 February 1926)	2 March 1935 (9 years, 96 days) (abdicated)	30 May 1941 (47 years old)	Prince of Sukhothai Son of Rama V 1924 Palace Law of Succession
The Siamese revolution of 1932 ended absolute monarchy
8		Rama VIII พระรามที่ ๘ (รัชกาลที่ ๘)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthamaramathibodin พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร	20 September 1925 2nd child (1st son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra	2 March 1935 (13 August 1946; posthumous) [36]	9 June 1946 (11 years, 99 days) (20 years old)		Nephew of Rama VI and Rama VII Grandson of Rama V 1924 Palace Law of Succession& Elected by the cabinet Abdication of Rama VII
9		Rama IX พระรามที่ ๙ (รัชกาลที่ ๙)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej the GreatMahitalathibet Ramathibodi Chakri Naribodin Sayamintharathirat Boromanatbophit พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช มหาราช มหิตลาธิเบศรรามาธิบดี จักรีนฤบดินทร สยามินทราธิราช บรมนาถบพิตร or Phra Phatthara the Great พระภัทรมหาราช	5 December 1927 3rd child (2nd son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra	9 June 1946 (5 May 1950)	13 October 2016 (70 years, 126 days) (88 years old)		Brother of Rama VIII Grandson of Rama V 1924 Palace Law of Succession Next in line after early death of Rama VIII
10		Rama X พระรามที่ ๑๐ (รัชกาลที่ ๑๐)	Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Wachiraklao Chao Yu Hua พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราลงกรณ พระวชิรเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว	28 July 1952 2nd child (only son) of Rama IX and Queen Sirikit	13 October 2016 (4 May 2019) [37]	Incumbent (9 years, 37 days) (73 years old)		Son of Rama IX Crown Prince

+Timeline of monarchs

See also

• Family tree of Thai monarchs
• Monarchy of Thailand
• List of rulers of Lan Na
• List of Thai royal consorts
• Rama (Kings of Thailand)
• Chakri dynasty
• Regent of Thailand
• Thailand
• Etymology of Thai regnal names

Notes

1. Accounts vastly differ to when Taksin stepped down from the throne and entered the monkhood, which has been argued to have occurred as early as three months prior to his execution. ^[34]
2. Traditionally accepted date of his execution

References

1. Jones, Robert B. (June 1971). "Thai titles and ranks; including a translation of Traditions of royal lineage in Siam by King Chulalongkorn". Southeast Asia Program Data Papers Series. hdl:1813/57549 – via Cornell University.
2. ""สยาม" ถูกใช้เรียกชื่อประเทศเป็นทางการสมัยรัชกาลที่ 4" (in Thai). ศิลปวัฒนธรรม. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
3. "Siam definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary . Retrieved 11 January 2020.
4. Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Layers of Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine . MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, Special Issue No 20: 47–64.
5. Probably The Chiang Mai Chronicle, ISBN   974-7100-62-2
6. Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003
7. Sukanya Sudchaya. "ตำนานพระประโทณ: ตำนานแบบพึทธศาสนาในสุวรรณภูมิ" [Legend of Phra Praton: Buddhist legend in Suvarnabhumi] (PDF) (in Thai). Retrieved 29 September 2025.
8. โบราณคดีสโมสร, ed. (1914), "พระราชพงศาวดารเหนือ" [Phraratchaphongsawadan Nuea], ประชุมพงษาวดาร ภาคที่ ๑ [A Collection of Chronicles] (PDF) (in Thai), กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์ไทย, retrieved 17 June 2024
9. Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in Thai). S. Thammasamakkhi. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
10. Cœdès, Georges (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 14 (1). Siam Heritage Trust. Retrieved 17 March 2013. The translation of this paper, which has been read at a joint session of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Société Asiatique, and American Oriental Society, and published in the Journal asiatique (April–June 1920), is the work of Mr. J. Crosby, to whom the author begs to tender his heartfelt thanks.
11. Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN   978-0-8248-0368-1.
12. Chakrabongse, C. (1960). Lords of Life. London: Alvin Redman Limited.
13. David K. Wyatt (2004). Thailand: A Short History (2nd ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 59.
14. Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 14 (1). Siam Heritage Trust. Retrieved 17 March 2013. (1) The translation of this paper, which has been read at a joint session of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Société Asiatique, and American Oriental Society, and published in the Journal asiatique (April–June 1920), is the work of Mr. J. Crosby, to whom the author begs to tend his heartfelt thanks.
15. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011 ^{[ broken anchor ]}: 43.
16. Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
17. Pan Hla 2005: 38
18. Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia Commission, 1996 ^{[ broken anchor ]}: 41.
19. SAC, 2006 ("Charuek Wat Pa Mamuang (Phasa Khamen)"): online.
20. Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
21. Patit Paban Mishra (2010). The History of Thailand . Greenwood. p.  39.
22. "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Ayodhya". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
23. The royal chronicles of Ayutthaya. Internet Archive. Bangkok : The Siam Society. 2000. ISBN   978-974-8298-48-1.
24. The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. (1978). Rūang Kotmāi trā 3 dūang [Three Seals Law] เรื่องกฎหมายตราสามดวง (in Thai). Bangkok: The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. p. 414. OCLC   934462978
25. "clra53_0235". www.car.chula.ac.th. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
26. Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN   978-1-316-64113-2.
27. Singkhaselit, Katitham (2018). Phasa Khamen Mueang Surinภาษาเขมรเมืองสุรินทร์[Khmer Surin language] (in Thai). p. 12–3.
28. Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-316-64113-2.
29. Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN   974957544X.
30. Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN   978-1-316-64113-2.
31. Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 301). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.
32. Terwiel, B. J. (Barend Jan) (1983). A history of modern Thailand, 1767-1942. St. Lucia; New York : University of Queensland Press. ISBN   978-0-7022-1892-7. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021.
33. chinese society in thailand: an analytical history. cornell university press. 1957.
34. "ว่าด้วยพระเจ้าตาก ตอน 5: สองคน สองประวัติศาสตร์ EP.50". YouTube . 3:41-3:55
35. คำให้การ วันประหาร “พระเจ้าตาก” ฉากสุดท้ายกรุงธนบุรี ศิลปวัฒนธรรม ฉบับสิงหาคม 2552
36. Handley, Paul M. (1 January 2006). The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-300-13059-1.
37. "Thai king to be crowned in coronation ceremonies May 4–6 - palace". euronews. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

Bibliography

• Prince Chula Chakrabongse, HRH (1967). Lords of Life: A History of the Kings of Thailand. United Kingdom: Alvin Redman Limited.
• Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, Disuankumaan (2001). Our Wars With The Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539-1767. Thailand: White Lotus Co. Ltd. ISBN   974-7534-58-4.
• Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation (2011). Directory of Thai kings (Thai: นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) (PDF). Thailand: www.nanmeebooks.com. ISBN   978-616-7308-25-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
• Royal Institute of Thailand (2002). "Chronology of the Kings of Ayutthaya". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
• Wood, William A. R. (1924). History of Siam. Thailand: Chalermit Press. ISBN   1-931541-10-8.