List of longest-reigning monarchs

Last updated

Louis XIV of France.jpg
Louis XIV, the longest-reigning sovereign monarch whose reign is verifiable by exact date

This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs in history, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest, ranked by length of reign.

Contents

Monarchs of sovereign states with verifiable reigns by exact date

The following are the 25 longest-reigning monarchs of states who were internationally recognised as sovereign for most or all of their reign. Roman emperors Constantine VIII and Basil II, reigning for 66 years in total (962–1028) and for 65 years in total (960–1025) respectively, are not included, because for part of those periods they reigned only nominally as junior co-emperors alongside senior emperors.

Regencies (and Coregencies as a "senior" monarch) are not counted against monarchs, hence Louis XIV is listed first among the monarchs of sovereign states despite his mother Anne of Austria being his regent for eight years. A distinction is not made between absolute and constitutional monarchs, hence Elizabeth II is listed second despite being a figurehead her entire reign.

The currently living longest-reigning monarch, Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, is not included on the list because Brunei was not a sovereign state until 1984. He will be eligible for inclusion if he is still reigning in 2040 and surpasses Conrad I's independent rule of 56 years, 99 days.

No.PortraitNameStateReignDurationRef.
FromTo(days)(years, days)
1 Louis XIV of France (3x4 cropped).jpg Louis XIV Andorra 14 May 16431 September 171526,40772 years, 110 days [1]
2 Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (3x4 close cropped).jpg Elizabeth II [note 1] 6 February 19528 September 202225,78270 years, 214 days
[note 2]
[2] [3] [4]
3 phrabaathsmedcchphrabrmchnkaathiebsrmhaaphuumiphl`dulyedchmhaaraach brmnaathbphitrbphit.jpg Bhumibol Adulyadej [note 3] Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 9 June 194613 October 201625,69470 years, 126 days [5]
4 Johann II portrait (3x4 tilted cropped).jpg Johann II Flag of Liechtenstein (1921-1937).svg Liechtenstein 12 November 185811 February 192925,65870 years, 91 days [6]
5 PacalII.svg Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I Palenque 27 July 615 [note 4] 29 August 68324,87068 years, 33 days [7] [9]
6 Franz Josef of Austria, in uniform (3x4 cropped).jpg Franz Joseph I
2 December 184821 November 191624,82567 years, 355 days [10]
7 Chan Imix K'awiil (3x4 cropped).jpg Chan Imix Kʼawiil Copán 5 February 628 [note 5] 15 June 69524,60267 years, 130 days [13] [14]
8 Mengs - Ferdinand IV of Naples, Royal Palace of Madrid (3x4 cropped).jpg Ferdinand III
6 October 17594 January 182523,83165 years, 90 days [15]
9 Queen Victoria by Bassano (3x4 close cropped).jpg Victoria Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 20 June 183722 January 190123,22663 years, 216 days [16]
10 Jaime I de Aragon (3x4 cropped).jpg James I Royal Banner of Aragon.svg Aragon 12 September 121327 July 127622,96462 years, 319 days [17]
11 Hirohito in dress uniform (3x4 cropped).jpg Emperor Shōwa [note 6]
Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Empire of Japan (1926–1947)
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan (1947–1989)
25 December 19267 January 198922,65962 years, 13 days [18]
12 Kangxi Emperor (3x4 cropped).jpg Kangxi Emperor [note 7] China 5 February 166120 December 172222,59761 years, 318 days [19]
13 Honore III, Prince of Monaco by Jean Baptiste van Loo (3x4 cropped).jpg Honoré III Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 29 December 173113 January 179322,29661 years, 15 days [20] [21]
14 Ridpath's Universal Itzamnaaj Bahlam III history (3x4 cropped).jpg Itzamnaaj Bahlam III [note 8] Yaxchilan 20 October 681 [note 9] 15 June 74222,15360 years, 238 days [11]
15 K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat on Stela E (3x4 cropped).jpg Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat Quiriguá 29 December 724 [note 10] 27 July 78522,12560 years, 210 days [22] [23]
16 Qianlong (closeup).jpg Qianlong Emperor [note 11] China 18 October 17359 February 1796 [note 12] 22,02960 years, 114 days [24]
17 Christian IV Pieter Isaacsz 1612 (3x4 cropped).jpg Christian IV Royal Standard of Denmark (1731-1819).svg Denmark–Norway 4 April 158828 February 164821,87959 years, 330 days [25]
18 George III of the United Kingdom-e (cropped) (cropped).jpg George III
25 October 176029 January 182021,64459 years, 96 days [26]
19 Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) (3x4 cropped).jpg Louis XV Andorra 1 September 171510 May 177421,43658 years, 251 days [27]
20 Pedro II of Brazil - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg Pedro II Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg Brazil 7 April 183115 November 188921,40758 years, 222 days [28]
21 Calif al Mustansir Misr 1055.jpg Al-Mustansir Billah Fatimid Caliphate 13 June 1036 [note 15] 29 December 109421,38358 years, 199 days [29] [30]
22 Nicholas I of Montenegro (cropped).jpg Nicholas I 13 August 186026 November 191821,28858 years, 105 days [33]
23 Jacob Merkelbach (3x4 cropped).jpg Wilhelmina Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 23 November 18904 September 194821,10457 years, 286 days [34]
24 James I England (3x4 cropped).jpg James VI Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland [note 16] 24 July 156727 March 162521,06657 years, 246 days [35]
25 Denier of Conrad the Peaceful.jpg Conrad I Burgundy 12 July 937 [note 17] 19 October 99320,55356 years, 99 days [36]

Monarchs of dependent or constituent states with verifiable reigns by exact date

The table below contains 100 monarchs of states that were not independent sovereigns for at least a portion of their reigns.

King Sobhuza II, 1945 (cropped).jpg
Sobhuza II, the longest-reigning monarch ever whose reign is verifiable by exact date
No.PortraitNameStateReignDurationRef.
FromTo(days)(years, days)
1 King Sobhuza II, 1945 (cropped).jpg Sobhuza II [note 18] Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland (British protectorate until 1968)10 December 189921 August 198230,20482 years, 254 days [38]
2 Bernhard VII. (Lippe).jpg Bernhard VII Flagge Furstentum Lippe.svg Lippe (Holy Roman Empire)11 August 14292 April 151129,81981 years, 234 days [39]
3 Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo Chotanagpur (British Raj)9 July 186921 September 195029,65881 years, 74 days [40]
4 Maeda Tsunanori (cropped).jpg Maeda Tsunanori Japanese crest Kaga Umebachi.svg Kaga Domain (Tokugawa shogunate, Japan)30 April 164529 June 1724 [note 19] 28,91479 years, 60 days [41]
5 Graf-Wilhelm-4-von-Henneberg-Schleusingen.jpg William IV Arms of the house of Hennenberg-Schleusingen.svg Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire)26 May 148024 January 155928,73278 years, 243 days [39]
6 KaransinhjiLakhtar.png Karansinhji II Vajirajji Lakhtarflag.png Lakhtar State [note 20] 15 June 18468 August 192428,54378 years, 54 days [42]
7 Heinrichxireussgreiz.jpg Heinrich XI [note 21] Flagge Furstentum Reuss altere Linie.svg Reuss-Obergreiz (Holy Roman Empire)17 March 172328 June 180028,22777 years, 103 days [43] [44] [39]
8 Idrus ibni Muhammad Al-Qadri  [ ms ]Flag of Jelebu or Tampin.svg Tampin (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957)31 May 192926 December 200527,96876 years, 209 days [39]
9 ChristianAugustPfalzSulz.jpg Christian Augustus Arms of Pfalz-Neuburg (1609-1685).svg Palatinate-Sulzbach (Holy Roman Empire)14 August 163223 April 170827,63575 years, 243 days [39]
10 Bishan Chandra Jenamuni  [ simple ]RAIRAKHOLFLAG.png Rairakhol State [note 20] 13 March 182510 June 190027,48275 years, 89 days [45]
11 Galeries historiques de Versailles - Charles d'Artois, comte d'Eu.JPG Charles I Arms of Charles dEu.svg Eu (France)16 June 139725 July 147227,43375 years, 39 days [46]
12 Mudhojirao alias Bapusaheb Naik Nimbalkar of Phaltan.jpg Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar  [ simple ]Phaltan flag.svg Phaltan State [note 20] 7 December 184117 October 191627,34274 years, 315 days [39]
13 Eugen Erwein the Posthumous Schonborn arms.jpg Schönborn-Heusenstamm (Holy Roman Empire)27 January 172725 July 180127,20774 years, 179 days [47]
14 H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwant Singhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal, GCSI, GCIE, 1911.jpg Bhagvatsingh Sahib Coat of arms of Gondal State.svg Gondal State (British Raj)14 December 186910 March 194427,11474 years, 87 days [39]
15 Georg Wilhelm of Schaumburg-Lippe.jpg George William Flagge Furstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe [note 22] [note 23] 13 February 178721 November 186026,94473 years, 282 days [39]
16 D. Afonso Henriques - Compendio de cronicas de reyes (Biblioteca Nacional de Espana).png Afonso I Henriques PortugueseFlag1095.svg County of Portugal (part of Kingdom of León) (1112–1139)
PortugueseFlag1143.svg Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1185)
22 May 1112 [note 24] 6 December 118526,86173 years, 198 days [48] [49]
17 Karl Friedrich von Baden by Johann Ludwig Kisling (1803).jpg Charles Frederick Banner of Baden (1^1).svg Baden (Holy Roman Empire until 1806)12 May 173810 June 181126,69173 years, 29 days [39]
18 John I DEU Leuchtenberg COA.svg Leuchtenberg (Holy Roman Empire)23 November 13342 December 140726,67173 years, 9 days [50]
19 Grafmonument voor Johan Lodewijk van Nassau-Saarbrucken 1472-1545.jpg John III Louis Arms of the house of Nassau-Saarbrucken.svg Nassau-Saarbrücken (Holy Roman Empire)19 October 14724 June 154526,52672 years, 228 days
[note 25]
[51]
20 Itō Nagatomo  [ ja ]Japanese Crest Iori ni Mokkou.svg Okada Domain (Tokugawa shogunate, Japan)17 July 177819 July 185026,29972 years, 2 days [52]
21 HeinrichFriedrich.jpg Henry Frederick Hohenlohe-Oehringen-Ujest.png Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Holy Roman Empire)29 January 16282 June 169926,05771 years, 124 days [53]
22 Anonymous painting of Victor Maurice de Broglie, Count of Broglie.jpg Victor-Maurice Revello-Stemma.svg Revello and Blason ville fr Senonches (Eure-et-Loir).svg Senonches (Holy Roman Empire)2 July 16564 August 172725,96471 years, 33 days [54]
23 Maharaja de kapurthala jagatjit singh.jpg Jagatjit Singh Kapurthala flag.svg Kapurthala State (British Raj)3 September 187720 August 194825,91870 years, 352 days
[note 26]
[56]
24 Parashuramrao Shrinivas I Aundh flag.svg Aundh State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)30 August 177711 June 184825,85270 years, 286 days [57]
25 Henryk IX Starszy Silesia Inferior COA.svg Żagań-Głogów (Bohemia)14 March 139711 November 146725,80970 years, 242 days [58]
26 Werner von Salm-Reifferscheidt.jpg Werner von Salm-Reifferscheidt  [ bg ]Arms of the house of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck.svg Salm-Reifferscheid (Holy Roman Empire)31 October 155916 December 162925,61470 years, 46 days [59]
27 Grossherzog Carl August 1822 (3x4 cropped).jpg Carl I August Flagge Grossherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1813-1897).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [note 27] 28 May 175814 June 182825,58470 years, 17 days [60]
28 George I Flag of the Anhalt Duchies.svg Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire)19 January 140521 September 147425,44769 years, 245 days [61]
29 Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina.jpg Alberico I Flag of Massa and Carrara.png Massa and Carrara (Holy Roman Empire)15 June 155318 January 162325,40969 years, 207 days [62]
30 Reinhard Graf zu Leiningen-Westerburg (1574-1655).jpg Reinhard III Leiningen-westerburg.JPG Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg (Holy Roman Empire)8 April 158614 October 165525,39169 years, 189 days [63]
31 Sanada Yukimichi.jpg Sanada Yukimichi Japanese Crest rokumonsen.svg Matsuhiro Domain (Tokugawa shogunate, Japan)8 March 165815 July 172725,33069 years, 129 days [64]
32 AuerspergEngelbert (1610-1673).jpg Heinrich Joseph Johann Coat of arms of Auersperg.svg Principality of Auersperg (Holy Roman Empire)6 November 17139 February 178325,29769 years, 95 days [65]
33 Hans Burgkmair d. A. 005.jpg Frederick III Archduchy of Austria COA.svg Inner Austria (Holy Roman Empire)10 June 142419 August 149325,27269 years, 70 days [66] [67]
34 Georg-wilhelm (cropped).png George William Palatinate-Zweibrucken.png Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Holy Roman Empire)16 December 160025 December 166925,21169 years, 9 days [68]
35 GodefroyMauricedeLaTour dAuvergneNanteuil.jpg Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne Flag of Bouillon.svg Duchy of Bouillon (Holy Roman Empire, later France)9 August 165226 July 172125,18768 years, 351 days [69]
36 Friedrich VHessenHomburg.jpg Frederick V Hessen HG flag.svg Hesse-Homburg [note 28] 7 February 175120 January 182025,18368 years, 347 days [70]
37 John Louis Volrad Painting.png John Louis Volrad Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg.png Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Holy Roman Empire)31 March 17214 February 179025,14768 years, 310 days [71]
38 Maharana Vikramjitji of Porbandar State (1910) (14594436738).jpg Vikramatji Khimojiraj Flag of the Porbandar State.svg Porbandar State [note 20] 20 June 183121 April 190025,14268 years, 305 days [72]
39 Krishnaraja Wadiyar III, Maharaja of Mysore.jpg Krishnaraja Wodeyar III Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Kingdom of Mysore (Princely state of East India Company after 1831; British Raj after 1857)30 June 179927 March 186825,10768 years, 271 days [73]
40 Johann Friedrich Graf zu Castell-Rudenhausen.jpg Johann Friedrich  [ de ]Castell-Scheibler19ps.jpg Castell-Rüdenhausen (Holy Roman Empire)10 January 168123 June 174925,00068 years, 164 days [74]
41 Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan I.jpg Chintaman Rao I Patwardhan  [ simple ]Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg Sangli State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)6 February 178315 July 185124,99568 years, 159 days [75]
42 Otto II the One-Eyed Coat of arms of Brunswick-Luneburg.svg Brunswick-Göttingen (Holy Roman Empire)13 November 13946 February 146324,92268 years, 85 days [76]
43 Obverse of the One Rupee coin from the Princely state of Pratabgarh, made of silver, bearing the name of king Sawant Singh, Julus year 29, AH 1199, photographed from a personal collection in West Bengal, India, June 1, 2024.jpg Sawant Singh Flag of Partabgarh.svg Pratapgarh State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)26 October 17755 January 184424,90768 years, 71 days [77]
44 Christian Carl Reinhard von Leiningen-Dagsburg.jpg Christian Karl Reinhard Armoiries de Leiningen.svg Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (Holy Roman Empire)3 November 169817 November 176624,85068 years, 14 days [78]
45 Ram Singh Bundi.png Raja Ram Singh Flag of Bundi.svg Bundi State [note 20] 14 May 182128 March 188924,79067 years, 318 days [79]
46 Malietoa Tanumafili II (cropped).jpg Malietoa Tanumafili II Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa 5 July 193911 May 200724,78267 years, 310 days [80] [81]
47 Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji Flag of the Vala State.svg Vallabhipura State (British Raj)20 August 18755 June 194324,76067 years, 289 days [82]
48 Portret van Ernst II, graaf van Oettingen-Wallerstein, RP-P-1921-1422.jpg Ernest II Arms of the house of Oettingen-Wallerstein.svg Oettingen-Wallerstein (Holy Roman Empire)14 October 16023 March 167024,61267 years, 140 days [83]
49 Philipp I of Schaumburg-Lippe.jpg Philip I Coat of Arms of the Principality of Lippe.svg Lippe-Alverdissen (1613–1640)
Flagge Furstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe (1640–1681) (Holy Roman Empire)
7 December 161310 April 168124,59667 years, 124 days [84] [85]
50 Codex Manesse Markgraf Heinrich von Meissen.jpg Henry III Arms of Flanders.svg Margraviate of Meissen (Holy Roman Empire)18 February 122115 February 128824,46866 years, 362 days [86] [87]
51 Aleanor of Aqutaine.jpg Eleanor [note 29] Count of Poitiers Arms.svg Aquitaine (France)9 April 11371 April 120424,46466 years, 358 days [88]
52 COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Studioportret van de Sultan van Serdang TMnr 60038053.jpg Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg Sultanate of Serdang (part of Dutch East Indies until 1945 and part of Indonesia since 1945)20 December 187913 October 194624,40366 years, 297 days [89]
53 Augustus Flag of the Anhalt Duchies.svg Anhalt-Plötzkau (Holy Roman Empire)6 December 158622 August 165324,36666 years, 259 days [90]
54 Wankaner 1879-1954.png Amarsinhji Banesinhji [note 30] Flag of Wankaner State.png Wankaner State (British Raj)12 June 188115 February 194824,35366 years, 248 days [91]
55 Rudolf-von-Sulz.jpg Frederick I CoA Helfenstein County.svg Helfenstein-Wiesensteig (Holy Roman Empire)7 April 137220 August 143824,24066 years, 135 days [92]
56 Khengarji III.jpg Khengarji III Cutch flag.svg Cutch (British Raj)19 December 187515 January 194224,13366 years, 27 days [93]
57 PhilippvonBraunschweigGrubenhagen.JPG Philip I Blason duche ni Brunswick.svg Brunswick-Grubenhagen (Holy Roman Empire)15 August 14854 September 155124,12566 years, 20 days [94]
58 Wilhelmdersiegreiche.jpg William IV the Victorious Coat of arms of the House of Welf (Brunswick-Luneburg).svg Brunswick-Lüneburg (Holy Roman Empire)14 October 141625 July 148224,02565 years, 284 days [95]
59 Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau.JPG Leopold III Flag of the Anhalt Duchies.svg Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire)16 December 17519 August 181723,97765 years, 236 days [96] [97]
60 Kurfurst Karl Theodor (Bayern).jpg Charles Theodore Arms of Pfalz-Neuburg (1609-1685).svg Palatinate-Sulzbach (1733-1742)
Banner of the Palatinate.svg County Palatine of the Rhine (1742-1799) (Holy Roman Empire)
20 July 173316 February 179923,95265 years, 211 days [98] [99]
61 Makino Tadakiyo Maru-ni Mitsu-Gashiwa.svg Nagaoka Domain (Tokugawa shogunate, Japan)5 August 176617 August 183123,75265 years, 12 days [100]
62 Obizzo I d'Este  [ it; fr ]Arms of the house of Este (1).svg Este and CoA Citta di Ferrara.svg Ferrara (Holy Roman Empire)15 December 112825 December 119323,75165 years, 10 days [101]
63 Jean le Roux.jpg Jean I Banniel Breizh 1.0.svg Duchy of Brittany (France)21 October 12218 October 128623,72864 years, 352 days [102]
64 Friedrich Wilhelm, Furst von Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1663-1735).jpg Frederick William Hohenzollern banner.svg Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Holy Roman Empire)24 January 167114 November 173523,66964 years, 294 days [103]
65 Jan Seyfried Eggenberg.jpg Johann Seyfried von Eggenberg  [ bg; it; cs ]Arms of the house of Eggenberg (2).svg Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire)5 February 16495 November 171323,64864 years, 273 days [104]
66 Sir Gangadharrao alias Balasaheb Patwardhan, KCIE., of Miraj Senior.jpg Gangadharrao II Patwardhan  [ simple ]Kolhapur flag.svg Miraj Senior (British Raj)6 June 187511 December 193923,56364 years, 188 days [105]
67 Charles Henri II and Marguerite Charlotte de Luxembourg.jpg Marguerite Charlotte Blason famille fr Luxembourg-Ligny.svg Ligny (France)23 May 161616 November 168023,55364 years, 177 days [106]
68 MarieIofSaintPol.jpg Marie II COA Luxembourg with crest.svg County of Soissons (France)25 October 14821 April 154723,53464 years, 158 days [107]
69 Vishwanath Singh Portrait (cropped).jpg Vishwanath Singh Bahadur Flag of Chhatarpur.svg Chhatarpur State (British Raj)4 November 18674 April 193223,52764 years, 152 days [108]
70 Frederik Magnus van Salm, painted by Johann Valentin Tischbein, ca 1750.jpg Frederick II Magnus Arms of the house of Salm-Neuweiler.svg Salm-Neuweiler (Holy Roman Empire)26 October 160825 January 167323,46764 years, 91 days [109]
71 Oda Nobuhisa Mon-Oda.png Obata Domain (Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan)6 August 165017 August 171423,38664 years, 11 days [110]
72 Johor-Ibrahim.jpg Ibrahim Flag of Johor.svg Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957)4 June 18958 May 195923,34863 years, 338 days [111]
73 Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda, 1919.jpg Sayajirao Gaekwad III Baroda flag.svg Baroda State (British Raj)27 May 18756 February 193923,26563 years, 256 days [112]
74 Graf Albert Anton von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.JPG Albert Anton Flagge Furstentumer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Holy Roman Empire)4 November 164624 June 171023,24263 years, 232 days [113]
75 Anton Gunther von Oldenburg.jpg Anthony Günther Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Duchy of Oldenburg (Holy Roman Empire)12 November 160319 June 166723,23063 years, 219 days [114]
76 Frederick Augustus I of Saxony by Marcello Bacciarelli (ca 1808-1809).png Frederick Augustus I [note 31] Flag of Saxony.svg Saxony [note 32] 17 December 17635 May 182723,14963 years, 139 days [115]
77 Mathilde und Hugo von Cluny als Fursprecher Heinrichs IV. (cropped).jpg Matilda Coat of arms of the house of Canossa.svg Tuscany (Holy Roman Empire De jure)6 May 105224 July 111523,08863 years, 79 days [116]
78 Johann Gerhard DEU Manderscheid COA.svg Manderscheid-Gerolstein-Bettingen (Holy Roman Empire)30 July 16485 October 171123,07663 years, 67 days [117]
79 Furst Ludwig von Anhalt-Cothen (cropped).jpg Ludwig I Flag of the Anhalt Duchies.svg Principality of Anhalt (Holy Roman Empire)6 December 15867 January 165023,04363 years, 32 days [118]
80 Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa (1848 - 1932).png Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain [note 33] 1 December 18699 December 1932 [note 34] 23,01863 years, 8 days [119]
81 Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, by studio of Francois Clouet.jpg Charles III Flag of Lorraine.svg Upper Lorraine (Holy Roman Empire)12 June 154514 May 160822,97262 years, 327 days [120]
82 Philip II Arms-Isenburg.svg Isenburg-Birstein (Holy Roman Empire)18 May 15335 April 159622,96862 years, 323 days [121]
83 Johann Friedrich II. von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Ohringen.jpg Johann Friedrich II Arms of the house of Hohenlohe (1).svg Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire)17 October 170224 August 176522,95762 years, 311 days [122]
84 1663 Philipp Ernst.jpg Philipp Ernst Arms of the house of Hohenlohe (1).svg Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (Holy Roman Empire)21 February 169729 November 175922,92562 years, 281 days [123]
85 Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Photograph.png Bernhard II Flag of Saxe-Meiningen (1826).svg Saxe-Meiningen [note 35] 24 December 180320 September 186622,91662 years, 270 days [124]
86 Sheikh Saqr of Ras al-Khaimah.jpg Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi Flag of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.svg Ras Al Khaimah (Trucial States until 1971, sovereign 1971 - 72, United Arab Emirates from 1972)7 February 1948 [note 36] 27 October 201022,90862 years, 262 days [125]
87 Kloster Eberbach Basilika Grabplatte 46.JPG Philip II Blason Nassau-Weilbourg.svg Nassau-Weilburg (Holy Roman Empire)2 July 142919 March 149222,90662 years, 261 days
[note 37]
[126]
88 Portret van Prins Niklaas Leopold van Salm Salm.jpg Nicolas Leopold I  [ de ]Arms of the house of Salm-Hoogstraten.svg Salm-Hoogstraat (Holy Roman Empire)6 June 17074 February 177022,88962 years, 243 days [127]
89 Philip Joseph Count of Salm-Kyrburg.jpg Philip Joseph Arms of the house of Salm-Kyrburg.svg Salm-Kyrburg (Holy Roman Empire)16 October 17167 June 177922,87962 years, 234 days [128]
90 Christian II. (Pfalz-Zweibrucken-Birkenfeld).jpeg Christian II Palatinate-Zweibrucken.png Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Holy Roman Empire)6 September 165426 April 171722,87762 years, 232 days [129] [130]
91 Ibrahim Ali Khan of Tonk.jpg Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Bahadur Flag of Tonk.svg Tonk State (British Raj)14 November 1867 [note 38] 23 June 193022,86662 years, 221 days [131]
92 ARENBERGLeopold Philippe.jpg Léopold Philippe Blason fam be Ligne-Arenberg 1.svg Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire)19 August 16914 March 175422,84262 years, 197 days [132]
93 Rudolf I AUT Bregenz COA.svg Bregenz-Chur-Lower Raetia (Holy Roman Empire)27 October 109727 April 116022,82762 years, 183 days [133]
94 Hosokawa Tsunatoshi2 (cropped).jpg Hosokawa Tsunatoshi  [ ja ]Japanese Crest Hosokawa Kuyou.svg Kumamoto Domain (Tokugawa shogunate, Japan)28 January 165011 July 171222,80962 years, 165 days [134]
95 Rajadhiraj Nahar Singh.png Nahar Singh Flag of Shahpura.svg Shahpura State (British Raj)21 April 187024 June 193222,70962 years, 64 days [135]
96 Chandrabhan Singh Garrauli State (British Raj)19 October 188420 November 194622,67662 years, 32 days [136]
97 Heinrich XXV. (Reuss-Gera) Miniatur.jpg Heinrich XXV Reuss-Wappen.png Reuss-Gera Younger Line (Holy Roman Empire)13 March 168613 March 174822,64562 years, 0 days [137]
98 Jan Kristian I. Eggenberg.jpg Johann Christian I Arms of the house of Eggenberg (1).svg Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire)5 February 164914 December 171022,59161 years, 312 days [138]
99 Graf Christian Ludwig von Waldeck (1635-1706).jpg Christian Louis Waldeck-1.PNG Waldeck-Wildungen (Holy Roman Empire)24 February 164512 December 170622,57061 years, 291 days [139]
100 Abdul Hamid Halim.jpg Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah Flag of Kedah.svg Kedah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya)22 September 188113 May 194322,51261 years, 233 days [140]

Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear alphabetically. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by total length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 56 years. Emphasised states were sovereign. Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths. Rulers with both independent and dependent rules are combined.

PortraitNameCountryReignDuration
(approx. years)
Ref.
fromto
King Min Htee of Arakan.jpg Min Hti [141] Launggyet Dynasty of Arakan (Myanmar)1279137495 years
[note 39]
[141]
AnkhnesmeryreII-and-Son-PepiII-SideView BrooklynMuseum.png Pepi II Neferkare [note 40] Egypt (Old Kingdom)2278 BC2184 BC(disputed)94 years (disputed) [142]
Taejo [note 41] Goguryeo (Korea)53146(disputed)93 years (disputed) [143]
Tarak Bahadur Shah Bhirkot (Nepal)19126 March 200189 years [144] [145]
Nintoku-tenno detail.jpg Nintoku [note 42] Flag of Japan.svg Japan (Kofun period)313(disputed)399(disputed)86 years (disputed) [146]
Abd al-Muttalib Quraysh (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)49757881 years [147]
Sawai Basavalinga I Rajendra Udaiyar Sundem (Portuguese India)1763184380 years [148]
Ermanaric [note 43] Oium (Ukraine)296(disputed)37680 years (disputed) [149]
Hanayos Hariphunchai (Thailand)669 [note 44] (disputed)749 [150]
Jangsu Goguryeo (Korea)41249179 years [151]
Sigismondo III Arms of the house of Este (1).svg Este and San Martino in Rio (Holy Roman Empire)165328 August 1732 [152]
Tuong vua An Duong Vuong tai den Co Loa, Dong Anh, Ha Noi.jpg An Dương Vương Âu Lạc (Vietnam)257 BC(disputed)179 BC(disputed)78 years (disputed) [153]
Zalam Singh Bidasar (Maratha Empire)1727180578 years [154]
Abu'l-Jaysh Ishaq ibn Ibrahim Ziyadid dynasty (Yemen)90498177 years [155]
Azmat Tallah Khan Rajouri (Mughal Empire)168312 November 1760 [156]
King Mirian III.jpg Mirian III Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia)284361 [157]
Raisingh Deo Patna (Mughal Empire, later Maratha Empire)16851762 [158]
Jadunath Singh Mangaraj Flag of Khandpara.png Khandpara (Mughal Empire)1599167576 years [159]
John Philip I DEU Oberstadion COA.svg Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)16662 January 1742 [160]
Mulla Ismail Flag of the State of Dir 2.svg Dir
(Mughal Empire)
16761752 [161]
William I (Sayn-Wittgenstein).jpg William I the Elder Sayn-Wittgenstein (Holy Roman Empire)149418 April 1570 [162]
Raja Abhiram Singh Flag of the Saraikela State.svg Saraikela (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)1743181875 years [163]
Sauromaces I Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia)234 BC159 BC [164]
Tai Wu Shang dynasty (China)1486 BC(disputed)1411 BC(disputed) [165]
Vakhtang I.jpg Vakhtang I Gorgasali Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia)447522 [166]
Uthiyan Cheralathan Chera dynasty (India)55130 [167]
Johann III Sponheim-Starkenburg (Holy Roman Empire)132430 December 139874 years [168]
Manik Rae Sambhar (India)720794 [169]
Yo-Tha Hariphunchai (Thailand)11971271 [167]
Sultan Deria Hassan.jpg Deria Hassan Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate (British Somaliland from 1884)1870194373 years [170]
Trikalingadhipati Shri Chodaganga Deva Maharaj.jpg Gangesvara Anantvarman Chodaganga Deva Eastern Ganga (India)10771150 [171]
Sabal Singh Bedla (Mughal Empire)16081681 [172]
Tezozomoc.jpg Tezozomoc Azcapotzalco (Mexico)1353(disputed)1426 [173]
Frederick Charles Bentheim-Bentheim (Holy Roman Empire)173119 February 180372 years [174]
Grigor II Syunik (Armenia)10941166 [175]
Raja Sang Tawal (Abdullah)Flag of Kelantan.svg Kelantan (Malaysia)12671339 [176]
Mousoleum Hurrat-ul-Malaika Arwa.JPG Arwa al-Sulayhi Sulayhid Sultanate (Yemen)10675 May 113871 years [177]
15count.png Heinrich VIII the Noble Fürstenberg-Wolfach (Holy Roman Empire)Late 141930 November 1490 [178]
Ngawang Tashi Drakpa Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet (China)1491
1556
1554
1564
[179]
Huan State of Qi (China)637 BC567 BC70 years [180]
John III  [ de ] Aarberg (Holy Roman Empire)14271497 [181]
John Ulrich DEU Oberstadion COA.svg Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)1530 [note 45] 1600 [160]
Muhtarram Shah Kator I Flag of State of Chitral.svg Chitral (Mughal Empire)15851655 [182]
Niandfo Oubritenga (Nigeria)14411511 [183]
Pandukabhaya Kingdom of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)437 BC367 BC [184]
Head of king Met 65.126.jpg Shapur II [note 46] Sasanian Empire (Iran)309379 [185]
Tshudpud Namgyal Kingdom of Sikkim [note 47] 17931863 [186]
Gerlach IV Isenburg-Grenzau (1220-1258)
Isenburg-Limburg (1258-1289)
(Holy Roman Empire)
1220128969 years [187]
Heinrich von Gorz.jpg Henry VI County of Gorizia (Holy Roman Empire)6 May 13851454 [188]
Jai Chandra Katoch Lambagraon-Kangra (British Raj)18641933 [189]
Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan Atraula (British Raj)18651934 [190]
Rao Chandaji Balunda (Mughal Empire)15731642 [191]
Simon I Flagge Furstentum Lippe.svg County of Lippe (Holy Roman Empire)127510 August 1344 [192]
Alberto Azzo II d'Este.jpg Alberto Azzo II Margraviate of Milan and Arms of the house of Este (1).svg Este
(Holy Roman Empire)
102920 August 109768 years [193]
Bernard Strzelce, Niemodlin, and South Poland (Holy Roman Empire)21 October 13821450 [194]
Bhagirathi Birabara Harichandan Talcher State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)17781846 [195]
Himiko Yamatai (Japan)180248 [196]
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia)17101778 [197]
ShansAtDurbar.jpg Hkun Ti Mongpawn (Myanmar)18601928 [198]
Louis II DEU Oberstadion COA.svg Stadion (Holy Roman Empire)12601328 [160]
Malojirao III Mudhol flag.svg Mudhol State (Maratha Empire)17371805 [199]
Eberhard II Blason fam be Ligne-Arenberg 1.svg Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire)1387145467 years [200]
Gopal Singha Dev II Mallabhum State [note 20] 18091876 [201]
Maha Singh Jhabuaflag.png Jhabua State (Mughal Empire)16101677 [202] [203]
Mahmud Iskandar Shah Flag of Perak.svg Perak (Malaysia)16531720 [204]
BoqorCismaan (cropped).jpg Osman Mahamuud/
Uthman III ibn Mahmud
23Flag(Plain)R.svg Majeerteen Sultanate
(Italian Somaliland from 1889)
186030 September 1927 [205]
Sultan Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg Sultanate of Gowa (Dutch East Indies)182630 January 1893 [206]
Zalim Singh Bhadri (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)17481815 [207]
Bhim Singh Busi (British Raj)18821 January 1948 [note 48] 66 years [208]
Kloster Eberbach Basilika Grabplatte 59 Eberhard I Katzenelnbogen.JPG Eberhard I Katzenelnbogen Junior (Holy Roman Empire)124523 August 1311 [209]
Jing Song State (China)517451 [note 49] [210]
Grabplatte Otto I. Hachberg Sausenberg.JPG Otto I Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg (Holy Roman Empire)13181384 [211]
Purushottam Dev Bastar State (India)14681534 [212]
Ramses II British Museum.jpg Ramesses II Egypt (New Kingdom)31 May 1279 BC
[213] [214]
Late July or Early August 1213 BC
[215]
[215]
Robert 1 Bar.jpg Robert I [note 50] Bar Arms.svg Duchy of Bar (Holy Roman Empire)December 134412 April 1411 [216]
Togbi Amedor Kpegla I Anlo Ewe (Ghana)184022 January 1906 [217]
Statue of Trieu Vu De (Emperor Zhao Tuo), Nanyuewang Miao 2015.11.12 09-10-58.jpg Zhao Tuo [note 51] Nanyue 203 BC137 BC [218]
Catherine de Medicis - entourage de Francois Clouet.jpg Catherine de' Medici Auvergne (France)1524 [note 52] 5 January 158965 years [219]
Haydar Mohammad Khan Bahadur Pathari State [note 20] 17941859 [220]
Matilda I Nevers (France)11921257 [221]
Raja Miyan Syed Nuruddin Ali Tarakote Raj [note 20] 180421 January 1869 [222]
Portret van vijf officieren en drie bedienden van het hof van Sitamau Thakoors of Seetamhow and Durbar. Rajpoot. Malwah (cropped), RP-F-2001-7-1122G-39.jpg Raja Raj Ram Singh I Sitamau state flag.png Sitamau State [note 20] 18021867 [223]
Nandivarman II Pallava Empire (India)731796 [224]
Pharnavaz I relief (2).jpg Pharnavaz I Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia)299 BC234 BC [225] [226]
Zhao Song State (China)469 BC [note 53] 404 BC [227]
Albert V Flag of the Anhalt Duchies.svg Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire)19 January 1405146964 years [61]
Old Kannada inscription (876 AD) of Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I at Veerabhadra temple in Kumsi.jpg Amoghavarsha Rashtrakuta Empire (India)814878 [228]
Henry VI Hennenberg ZW.png Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild
(Holy Roman Empire)
12921356 [229]
Khuman III Udaipur State (India)878942 [230]
Mian Nigahi Chand Alelal-Bijapur (Maratha Empire)17321796 [231]
Udai Chand Beja [note 20] 184120 June 1905 [232]
Zhuang I State of Qi (China)794 BC730 BC [233]
Andrew I Vitré (France)1072113563 years
Bagauda/Yakano Kingdom of Kano (Nigeria)998/9991063/1064 [234] [235] [236]
Fahrettin Behramşah Mengüjek (Turkey)11621225 [237]
Ganapati Deva Kakatiya dynasty (India)11991262 [238]
George Frederick Kirchberg (Holy Roman Empire)16861749
Mahendra Singh Bahadur Bhadawar [note 20] 18391902 [169]
Mahmud III Mali Empire 14961559 [239]
Pradip Shah Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg Garhwal Kingdom (Maratha Empire)17091772 [240]
Raja Rampalji Bahadur Flag of the Kutlehar State.svg Kutlehar State (British Raj)186422 November 1927 [241]
Sripurusha Western Ganga (India)725788 [242]
Vijaya Sena Sena dynasty (India)10961159 [243]
Zombré Wogodogo (Nigeria)16811744 [244]
Bhola Bhima II Gurjaradesa (India)1178124062 years [245]
Georg II Montfort-Pfannberg (Holy Roman Empire)1482May 1544 [246]
Gopal Lal Kamta-Rajaula State [note 20] 181223 October 1874 [247]
King Oldman Miskito Nation (Nicaragua and Honduras)16251687 [248]
Prithvi Shah Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg Garhwal Kingdom (Mughal Empire)15521614 [240]
Tej Chand Rai Bardhaman Raj (Bengal Subah, later British East India Company)17701832 [249]
Abdul Jalilul Akbar Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei 1597165961 years [250]
Askia Hanga the Great Dendi State (Niger)17001761 [251]
Bhavsinhji I Ratanji Bhavnagar.jpg Bhavnagar State (Mughal Empire)17031764 [252]
Cleomenes II Sparta (Greece)370 BC309 BC [253]
Donnchadh MacMurrough Kavanagh Laighin (Ireland)14171478 [254]
Hyeokgeose Geoseogan Silla (Korea)57 BC4 [255]
Leon II of Abkhazia.jpg Leon II Abasgia (767–778), Abkhazia (778–828)767828 [256]
Peter II Flag of the County of Urgell.svg Urgell (Catalonia, Spain)1347June 1408 [257]
Orontes III Armenia 321 BC260 BC [258]
Otto I Solms-Braunfels (Holy Roman Empire)13491410 [259]
Rao Shri Vijayraj Singh Sirohi (India)12501311 [260]
Winnemar Manderscheid (Holy Roman Empire)12061267 [261]
Erkenwin - John Speed.JPG Æscwine Kingdom of Essex (England)52758760 years [262]
Adesida I Kingdom of Akure (Nigeria)22 June 18971957 [263]
Ali ibn Dawud I Kilwa Sultanate (Tanzania)10231083 [264]
Avinita Western Ganga (India)469529 [265]
Egyptian - Intaglio Portrait of Cleopatra II - Walters 421319.jpg Cleopatra II Egypt (Ptolemaic)175 BC115 BC [266]
Kotokuhene Nana Attafua Akyem Kotoku (Ghana)186725 September 1927 [267]
Padam Singh Bundela Jigni State (Mughal Empire)17301790 [268]
Friedrich II County of Castell (Holy Roman Empire)12891349 [269]
Gerhard I the Elder Schwarzburg–Hallermund (Holy Roman Empire)12661326 [270]
Gopinath Birabara Harichandan Talcher state flag.png Talcher State (India)16511711 [198]
Gusti Ngurah Agung II Tabanan (Dutch East Indies)Mid 184321 November 1903 [271]
Heinrich II Salm-Blankenburg (Holy Roman Empire)13011361 [272]
Dinastie della grecia occidentale, hieron II, 32 litri di siracusa, 274-216 ac ca.JPG Hiero II Syracuse (Sicily, Italy)275 BC215 BC [273]
Henry I Isenburg-Cleeberg (Holy Roman Empire)11671227 [187]
HunCoinDerivedFromSassanianDesign5thCE.JPG Khingila I Alchon Huns (India)430490 [274]
Kilhan Dhundhar (India)12161276 [275]
Mayadunne Kingdom of Sitawaka (Sri Lanka)15211581 [276]
Mölambo Bubi Kingdom (Nigeria)17001760 [277]
Mutasiva Anuradhapura Kingdom (Sri Lanka)367 BC307 BC [278]
Pawl Kingdom of Glywysing (Wales)480540 [279]
Place sttKingBhramamaharaja (cropped).jpg Phromkuman Singhanavati (Thailand)10291089 [280]
Pravarsena I the Great Vakataka (India)275335 [281]
Sophie County of Bar (Holy Roman Empire)10331093 [282]
Post-Kushan Gandhara Kidara Shahis Sri Pravarasena Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.jpg Sri Pravarasena II Alchon Huns (India)530590 [283]
Vanghoji II Rao Phaltan State (Mughal Empire)15701630 [284]
Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya Kodungallur Chera (India)962102159 years [285]
Kulashekara Alupendra I Alupa dynasty 11561215 [286]
Bu Jiang Xia dynasty (China)1890 BC1831 BC [287]
David I Anhoghin Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenia)9891048 [288]
Sculpture in a wall at Nataraja Temple in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu.jpg Kulottunga I Eastern Chalukyas, then Cholas 10611120 [289]
Harisingh Vidyadhara Dhenkanalflag.png Dhenkanal State (India)15311590 [290] [291]
Hu State of Chen (China)1045 BC986 BC [292]
Duc de Berry.jpg John the Magnificent Poitou (France)135715 June 1416 [293]
Mohan Singh Rajgarhflag.png Rajgarh (Mughal Empire)16381697 [294]
Muhammad Bayazid Khan Bahadur Jagir of Maler (1600–1657)
Malerkotla (1657–1659) (Mughal Empire)
16001659 [295]
Nawab Asad Ali Khan Basoda State [note 20] 1800
1822 [note 54]
1817
1864
[296]
Konrad I the Scheerer Tübingen (Holy Roman Empire)13171376 [297]
Shahi Tegin 728 CE.jpg Sri Tegin Shah Turk Shahis/Kabul Shahis (Afghanistan)680739 [298]
William III County of Toulouse (France)97830 September 1037 [299]
William IV Jülich (Holy Roman Empire)12191278 [300]
Wu Ding .jpg Wu Ding Shang dynasty (China)1250 BC1191 BC [301]
Bhaitai Dev Bastar State 1410146858 years [212]
Zitonga Gomani II.jpg Gomani II Phillip [note 55] Maseko (Malawi)189612 May 1954 [302]
Guled Abdi Isaaq Sultanate (Somaliland)17501808 [303]
Flateyjarbok Haraldr Halfdan.jpg Harald I Fairhair Flag of Norway.svg Norway 872930 [304]
Heinrich II. (Baden-Hachberg).jpg Henry II Baden-Hachberg (Holy Roman Empire)12311289 [305]
Henry II Isenburg-Grenzau (Holy Roman Empire)122029 September 1278 [187]
Mwezi IV Gisabo Kingdom of Burundi [note 56] 18501908 [306]
Nan Zhou dynasty (China)314 BC256 BC [307]
Nedum Cheralathan Chera Dynasty (India)130188 [308] [309]
Jit Sen Suket flag.svg Suket (Mughal Empire)16631721 [310] [311]
Mulraj II Jaisalmer State (Maratha Empire, later British East India Company)17621820 [312]
Rajapala Gurjara-Pratihara (India)9601018 [313]
Ramasimhadeva Karnata (India)12271285 [314]
Rudolf-I-von-Sachsen.jpg Rudolph I Saxe-Wittenberg (Holy Roman Empire)129812 March 1356 [315]
Sayyid Mir Zulfikar Ali Khan Kamadhia (British Raj)21 August 18631921 [316]
Tuoba Liwei/Emperor Shenyuan Tuoba Clan (China)219277 [317]
Yusa Kingdom of Kano (Nigeria)11361194 [235] [236]
Bernhard I Bentheim-Bentheim (Holy Roman Empire)13642 November 142157 years [318]
Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg Aq Qoyunlu (Iran)13781435 [319]
Birakesari Deva I Bhagirathi Deva Khurda Kingdom (Maratha Empire)17361793 [320]
Deria Sugulle Ainanshe Habr Yunis Sultanate (Somaliland)17971854 [321]
Miniature painting of Raja Jaswant Singh of Nabha seated and leaning against a bolster, inscribed in Perso-Arabic script.jpg Jaswant Singh Nabha (British East India Company)178322 May 1840 [322]
Jing Qi (China)547 BC490 BC [323]
John II Auxerre (France)13041361 [324]
Pharasmanes I, by TAILLASSON, JJ.jpg Pharasmanes I the Great Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia)158 [166]
Prithvi Chand Baghal State (Mughal Empire)16701727 [325]
Kori Oyo Empire (Nigeria)13001357 [326]
Mithradates VI of Pontos.jpg Mithridates VI Pontus (Turkey)120 BC63 BC [327]
Nasir al-Din Muhammad Mihrabanid dynasty 12611318 [328]
Maredudd ap Tewdws Kingdom of Dyfed (Wales)740797 [329]
Ramnarian Singh Anandpur State (British Raj)18711928 [330]
Sargon of Akkad on his victory stele.jpg Sargon Akkadian Empire (Iraq)2272 BC2215 BC [331]
Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi Fujairah (United Arab Emirates)187931 December 1936 [332]
Sourigna Vongsa Lan Xang (Laos)16371694 [333]
MYSIA, Adramytion. Orontes. Satrap of Mysia, Circa 357-352 BC. AE 10 mm (1.10 g). Head of satrap right.jpg Orontes I Armenia 401 BC344 BC [334]
Usiaslau Polacki (Caradziej). Usiaslau Polatski (Charadzei).jpg Vseslav II Bryachislavich [note 57] Polotsk (Belarus)10441101 [335]
Heshibi Wan Bi Gui Zhao Wu Shi Ci Jin Shi Suo 3.jpg Zhaoxiang Qin (China)307 BC250 BC [336]
Bhup Singh Nalagarh State (Maratha Empire)1705176156 Years [337]
YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait (cropped).jpg Genghis Khan Khamag Mongol (1171–1206)

Mongol Empire (1206–1227)

117125 August 1227 [338] [339]
Gruffydd ap Cynan.jpg Gruffudd ap Cynan Gwynedd (Wales)10811137 [340]
Idris bin Abu Bakr Hashim Dar Qimr  [ ca ] (Sudan)18791935 [341]
Mahtab Singh Adooka [note 20] 18391895 [342]
Mun Balhae (Korea)737793 [343]
Nripati Beta I Garuda Kakatiya dynasty (India)995 / 10001051 / 1052 [344]
Prithvisimhji Gajsinhji Danta State (Mughal Empire)16871743 [345]
Qasim Yaqut Khan Jafarabad State (Mughal Empire)16771733 [346]
Ratan Sen Bhadaura (India)13711427 [169]
Sartanji II Vikmatji Porbandar State (British India)17571813 [347]
Sultan Mustafa Kota Pinang (Dutch Indonesia from 1816)18151871 [348]
Theodoric III County of Montbéliard (Holy Roman Empire)17 June 12271283 / January 1284 [349]

See also

Notes

  1. Elizabeth was Queen of many other states, but other than these four, her reign was shorter. Lengths listed below are for Elizabeth as monarch of an independent country or dominion; except for Jamaica for which she would rank 17th, none would entitle her to a place on this list. The following states were British dominions at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became independent as republics during her reign:
    • Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan (including Bangladesh) (republic 23 March 1956; 4 years, 46 days)
    • Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg  South Africa (republic 31 May 1961; 9 years, 114 days)
    • Flag of Ceylon (1951-1972).svg  Ceylon (republic, with the name Sri Lanka, 22 May 1972; 20 years, 106 days)
    The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign and later became republics during her reign:
    • Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana (sovereign 6 March 1957, republic 1 July 1961; 4 years, 87 days)
    • Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria (sovereign 1 October 1960, republic 1 October 1963; 3 years, 0 days)
    • Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone (sovereign 27 April 1961, republic 19 April 1971; 9 years, 357 days)
    • Flag of Tanganyika (1961-1964).svg  Tanganyika (sovereign 9 December 1961, republic 9 December 1962; 1 year, 0 days)
    • Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago (sovereign 31 August 1962, republic 1 August 1976; 13 years, 336 days)
    • Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda (sovereign 9 October 1962, republic 9 October 1963; 1 year, 0 days)
    • Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya (sovereign 12 December 1963, republic 12 December 1964; 1 year, 0 days)
    • Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi (sovereign 6 July 1964, republic 6 July 1966; 2 years, 0 days)
    • Flag of Malta.svg  Malta (sovereign 21 September 1964, republic 13 December 1974; 10 years, 83 days)
    • Flag of The Gambia.svg  The Gambia (sovereign 18 February 1965, republic 24 April 1970; 5 years, 65 days)
    • Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana (sovereign 26 May 1966, republic 23 February 1970; 3 years, 273 days)
    • Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados (sovereign 30 November 1966, republic 30 November 2021; 55 years, 0 days)
    • Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius (sovereign 12 March 1968, republic 12 March 1992; 24 years, 0 days)
    • Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji (sovereign 10 October 1970, republic 6 October 1987; 16 years, 361 days)
    The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign during her reign and retained her as Queen:
  2. Length of reign applies to the independent states that have remained monarchies since her accession: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
  3. Also known by his regnal name Rama IX
  4. In the Mayan calendar, acceded 9.9.2.4.8, 5 Lamat 1 Mol; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etz'nab 11 Yax. Long Count dates are converted using the GMT+2 correlation and the Julian Calendar. [7] [8]
  5. In the Maya calendar, acceded 9.9.14.17.5, 6 Chikchan 18 K'ayab; died 9.13.3.5.7 12 Manik' 0 Yaxk'in. Western date is given by the GMT+2 correlation in the Julian Calendar. [11] [12]
  6. Served as Regent for his father Emperor Taishō, from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession.
  7. Longest de jure ruler of China, although the Qianlong Emperor held longer de facto power.
  8. Sometimes called "Itzamnaaj Bahlam II", [11] or "Shield Jaguar". [12]
  9. In the Maya calendar, acceded 9.12.9.8.1 5 Imix 4 Mak; died 9.15.10.17.14 6 Ix 12 Yaxk'in. Western date is given by the GMT+2 correlation in the Julian Calendar. [11]
  10. In the Maya calendar, acceded 9.14.13.4.17 12 Kab'an 5 K'ayab'; died 9.17.14.13.2 11 Ik 5 Yax. Western date is given by the GMT+2 correlation in the Julian Calendar. [11]
  11. Longest de facto ruler of China, although the Kangxi Emperor held longer de jure power.
  12. Abdicated, but maintained de facto power as Retired Emperor until 7 February 1799.
  13. The Electorate of Hanover (formally known as the "Electorate of Brunswick-Lunenburg") was reformed as the rump Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, which was not recognized by George III's government, before being reestablished as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 by the Congress of Vienna.
  14. Great Britain and Ireland were joined as the United Kingdom effective 1 January 1801 by the Acts of Union 1800.
  15. In the Islamic calendar, acceded on 15th Shaban 427; died 18th Zilhaja 487. [29] His death date is sometimes given as 6 January 1095, [29] but most sources give 29 December 1094. [30] [31] [32]
  16. James VI of Scotland was also the King of England and King of Ireland as James I, although he only became King of England and Ireland after the death of Elizabeth I in 1603.
  17. The death of Rudolph II, Conrad's predecessor, is variously given as 11, 12 or 13 July. [36] [37]
  18. He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921 and then formally transferred all monarchial power to Sobhuza II. Some sources take the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king. Swaziland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1968.
  19. Formally "abdicated" on 6 May 1723 but officially continued to rule until his death on 29 June 1724 after which point his son Maeda Yoshinori assumed full power.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 British East India Company until 1858, British Raj from 1858.
  21. Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line.
  22. Holy Roman Empire until 1806, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.
  23. Ruled as Count until 1807, as Prince thereafter.
  24. In co-reign with his mother, Theresa, until 1128
  25. Count John Louis was born after the death of his father Count Johann II on 25 July 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.
  26. Acceded to the Union of India on 15 August 1947. Merged Kapurthala into the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 5 May 1948, relinquished his sovereign powers with effect from 20 August. [55] Rajpramukh of the PEPSU from 5 May 1948 until his death on 17 June 1949
  27. Holy Roman Empire until 1806, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.
  28. Holy Roman Empire until 1806, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.
  29. Eleanor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.
  30. Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954.
  31. Frederick Augustus I was known as Frederick Augustus III before 1806.
  32. Holy Roman Empire until 1806, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.
  33. British protectorate from 1880
  34. Was forced to abdicate by the British in 1923 but the Bahrinis did not recognize this and considered him the rightful monarch until 1932.
  35. Holy Roman Empire until 1806, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.
  36. Reigned in dispute with Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi until 17 July 1948.
  37. Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.
  38. Succeeded on 14 November 1867, but was officially enthroned on 20 December 1867
  39. Possibly reigned about 1295–1370.
  40. Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point, however, to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.
  41. A dispute exists concerning when Taejo's reign ended. The Book of the Later Han cites 121 as his death date. The traditionally believed one is 146 since the Samguk Sagi claims that he abdicated in that year.
  42. While the chronology of his reign is disputed, his existence is generally accepted by most historians.
  43. Some sources just give 80 years of lifespan not reign and Chronology disputed
  44. Other sources put his start date as 679 or 688.
  45. His start date is also sometimes given as 1537
  46. Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.
  47. Dominated by Nepal until 1816 and then by the British.
  48. Abdicated on 15 August 1947, with effects from 1 January 1948 following the dissolution of the British Raj but lived until 1963.
  49. Alternatively his death date is put as 469. Might have co-reigned with his son until 451
  50. Robert I was in co-rule with his brother Edward II until 1352
  51. Historians debate whether he was a Chinese or Vietnamese ruler (named Triệu Vũ Đế)
  52. Sometimes her aunt Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne's death is given as June 1524 or 16 June 1524 (see for example her French wikipedia article), though sources seem to be laking for such specific dates and so she remains here. If sources are found for 16 June, she can be moved into the second section with 64 years, 203 days as her reign length
  53. An alternate start date is put as being 451. Could have possibly co-ruled with his father since 469.
  54. Had a interruption between 1818 and 1822 but later regained it in 1822, counting both of his periods he had a reign of 59 years.
  55. He had Regents until 1921.
  56. Part of German East Africa from 1890.
  57. He also ruled Russia for a brief period between 1068 and 1069.

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