This article presents a list of United States states and territories sorted by their life expectancy at birth, sex, race, and in the past. The data in the 2018 column is taken from work funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for the 50 states and the District of Columbia; [9] from the World Bank for Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; and from the CIA World Factbook for American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. [10] Data in the 2010 columns comes from Health Data. [11]
Overall, life expectancy at birth in Hawaii, Washington, California, and New York are among the longest in the nation, while life expectancy at birth in Mississippi, American Samoa, and West Virginia are among the shortest in the nation.
The life expectancy in some states has fallen in recent years; for example, Maine's life expectancy in 2010 was 79.1 years, and in 2018 it was 78.7 years. The Washington Post noted in November 2018 that overall life expectancy in the United States was declining although in 2018 life expectancy had a slight increase of 0.1 and bringing it to having not changed since 2010. [12]
Life expectancy at birth in each U.S. state and the District of Columbia in 2019 and 2020 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [2] [3]
state | 2019 | 2019 →2020 | 2020 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
overall | males | females | F Δ M | overall | males | females | F Δ M | ||
US on average | 78.8 | 76.3 | 81.4 | 3.1 | −1.8 | 77.0 | 76.2 | 79.9 | 3.7 |
California | 80.9 | 78.4 | 83.3 | 4.9 | −1.9 | 79.0 | 76.2 | 82.0 | 5.8 |
Hawaii | 80.9 | 78.0 | 83.9 | 5.9 | −0.2 | 80.7 | 77.6 | 83.8 | 6.2 |
New York | 80.7 | 78.2 | 83.1 | 4.9 | −3.0 | 77.7 | 74.8 | 80.7 | 5.9 |
Minnesota | 80.4 | 78.3 | 82.6 | 4.3 | −1.3 | 79.1 | 76.8 | 81.4 | 4.6 |
Massachusetts | 80.4 | 77.9 | 82.8 | 4.9 | −1.4 | 79.0 | 76.4 | 81.5 | 5.1 |
Connecticut | 80.3 | 77.7 | 82.8 | 5.1 | −1.9 | 78.4 | 75.6 | 81.3 | 5.7 |
New Jersey | 80.1 | 77.6 | 82.5 | 4.9 | −2.6 | 77.5 | 74.6 | 80.5 | 5.9 |
Washington (state) | 80.0 | 77.9 | 82.1 | 4.2 | −0.8 | 79.2 | 76.9 | 81.6 | 4.7 |
Colorado | 80.0 | 77.8 | 82.2 | 4.4 | −1.7 | 78.3 | 75.8 | 80.9 | 5.1 |
Vermont | 79.8 | 77.2 | 82.3 | 5.1 | −1.0 | 78.8 | 76.1 | 81.4 | 5.3 |
Utah | 79.7 | 78.0 | 81.5 | 3.5 | −1.1 | 78.6 | 76.7 | 80.6 | 3.9 |
Oregon | 79.6 | 77.3 | 81.9 | 4.6 | −0.8 | 78.8 | 76.3 | 81.3 | 5.0 |
Idaho | 79.5 | 77.5 | 81.5 | 4.0 | −1.1 | 78.4 | 76.1 | 80.8 | 4.7 |
Rhode Island | 79.5 | 77.0 | 81.8 | 4.8 | −1.3 | 78.2 | 75.5 | 80.9 | 5.4 |
New Hampshire | 79.4 | 77.1 | 81.6 | 4.5 | −0.4 | 79.0 | 76.5 | 81.5 | 5.0 |
Wisconsin | 79.3 | 77.0 | 81.5 | 4.5 | −1.6 | 77.7 | 75.2 | 80.3 | 5.1 |
Nebraska | 79.2 | 77.1 | 81.3 | 4.2 | −1.5 | 77.7 | 75.2 | 80.3 | 5.1 |
Virginia | 79.1 | 76.8 | 81.3 | 4.5 | −1.5 | 77.6 | 75.1 | 80.1 | 5.0 |
Iowa | 79.0 | 76.5 | 81.6 | 5.1 | −1.5 | 77.5 | 74.9 | 80.1 | 5.2 |
Illinois | 79.0 | 76.4 | 81.5 | 5.1 | −2.2 | 76.8 | 73.8 | 79.8 | 6.0 |
Florida | 79.0 | 76.3 | 81.8 | 5.5 | −1.5 | 77.5 | 74.6 | 80.5 | 5.9 |
North Dakota | 78.8 | 76.3 | 81.5 | 5.2 | −1.9 | 76.9 | 74.2 | 80.0 | 5.8 |
Arizona | 78.8 | 76.1 | 81.6 | 5.5 | −2.5 | 76.3 | 73.4 | 79.5 | 6.1 |
Texas | 78.6 | 76.1 | 81.0 | 4.9 | −2.1 | 76.5 | 73.7 | 79.3 | 5.6 |
Maryland | 78.5 | 75.8 | 81.2 | 5.4 | −1.7 | 76.8 | 73.8 | 79.7 | 5.9 |
Montana | 78.4 | 76.2 | 80.8 | 4.6 | −1.6 | 76.8 | 74.2 | 79.6 | 5.4 |
South Dakota | 78.4 | 76.1 | 80.8 | 4.7 | −1.7 | 76.7 | 74.2 | 79.4 | 5.2 |
Maine | 78.3 | 75.8 | 80.9 | 5.1 | −0.5 | 77.8 | 74.9 | 80.7 | 5.8 |
Pennsylvania | 78.3 | 75.7 | 80.9 | 5.2 | −1.5 | 76.8 | 74.0 | 79.6 | 5.6 |
Kansas | 78.2 | 75.9 | 80.4 | 4.5 | −1.8 | 76.4 | 73.8 | 79.2 | 5.4 |
Delaware | 78.1 | 75.1 | 81.0 | 5.9 | −1.4 | 76.7 | 73.9 | 79.5 | 5.6 |
Nevada | 78.0 | 75.6 | 80.6 | 5.0 | −1.7 | 76.3 | 73.5 | 79.2 | 5.7 |
Michigan | 78.0 | 75.6 | 80.3 | 4.7 | −2.0 | 76.0 | 73.4 | 78.8 | 5.4 |
Washington, D.C. | 78.0 | 74.9 | 80.8 | 5.9 | −2.7 | 75.3 | 71.7 | 78.7 | 7.0 |
Alaska | 77.7 | 75.8 | 79.9 | 4.1 | −1.1 | 76.6 | 74.3 | 79.2 | 4.9 |
Wyoming | 77.7 | 75.4 | 80.5 | 5.1 | −1.4 | 76.3 | 74.0 | 78.9 | 4.9 |
North Carolina | 77.6 | 75.0 | 80.1 | 5.1 | −1.5 | 76.1 | 73.3 | 79.0 | 5.7 |
Georgia | 77.4 | 74.9 | 79.9 | 5.0 | −1.8 | 75.6 | 72.8 | 78.3 | 5.5 |
Indiana | 77.0 | 74.5 | 79.5 | 5.0 | −2.0 | 75.0 | 72.3 | 77.9 | 5.6 |
Ohio | 76.9 | 74.3 | 79.5 | 5.2 | −1.6 | 75.3 | 72.5 | 78.1 | 5.6 |
Missouri | 76.9 | 74.1 | 79.8 | 5.7 | −1.8 | 75.1 | 72.1 | 78.1 | 6.0 |
New Mexico | 76.9 | 73.9 | 80.1 | 6.2 | −2.4 | 74.5 | 71.3 | 77.8 | 6.5 |
South Carolina | 76.8 | 73.9 | 79.7 | 5.8 | −2.0 | 74.8 | 71.7 | 78.0 | 6.3 |
Oklahoma | 75.7 | 73.2 | 78.3 | 5.1 | −1.6 | 74.1 | 71.5 | 76.9 | 5.4 |
Arkansas | 75.7 | 73.0 | 78.4 | 5.4 | −1.9 | 73.8 | 71.1 | 76.6 | 5.5 |
Louisiana | 75.7 | 72.8 | 78.6 | 5.8 | −2.6 | 73.1 | 69.9 | 76.4 | 6.5 |
Tennessee | 75.6 | 72.8 | 78.5 | 5.7 | −1.8 | 73.8 | 70.7 | 77.0 | 6.3 |
Kentucky | 75.5 | 72.9 | 78.0 | 5.1 | −2.0 | 73.5 | 70.6 | 76.5 | 5.9 |
Alabama | 75.2 | 72.2 | 78.2 | 6.0 | −2.0 | 73.2 | 70.1 | 76.4 | 6.3 |
West Virginia | 74.5 | 71.9 | 77.3 | 5.4 | −1.7 | 72.8 | 69.8 | 76.1 | 6.3 |
Mississippi | 74.4 | 71.2 | 77.6 | 6.4 | −2.5 | 71.9 | 68.6 | 75.2 | 6.6 |
Rank | State/Territory | Life Expectancy 2019 [9] | Male | Female |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Hawaii | 81.6 | 78.6 | 84.6 |
2. | California | 81.2 | 78.7 | 83.6 |
3. | New York | 81.2 | 78.6 | 83.5 |
5. | Minnesota | 80.6 | 78.4 | 82.8 |
6. | Connecticut | 80.6 | 78.0 | 83.1 |
4. | Massachusetts | 80.7 | 78.1 | 83.1 |
8 | Colorado | 80.2 | 78.0 | 82.4 |
7. | New Jersey | 80.5 | 78.0 | 82.8 |
9. | Washington | 80.2 | 78.1 | 82.3 |
15. | Florida | 79.6 | 76.9 | 82.3 |
11. | Utah | 79.9 | 78.2 | 81.7 |
19. | Arizona | 79.3 | 76.6 | 82.1 |
13. | Oregon | 79.6 | 77.4 | 81.9 |
- | Guam [10] | 79.9 | - | - |
12. | Rhode Island | 79.8 | 77.2 | 82.2 |
10. | Vermont | 79.9 | 77.5 | 82.5 |
- | Puerto Rico [10] | 79.8 | - | - |
22. | North Dakota | 79.2 | 76.6 | 81.7 |
14. | New Hampshire | 79.6 | 77.3 | 82.0 |
17. | Nebraska | 79.4 | 77.3 | 81.5 |
- | U.S. Virgin Islands [10] | 79.6 | - | - |
18. | Virginia | 79.3 | 77.0 | 81.6 |
20. | Wisconsin | 79.3 | 77.1 | 81.5 |
23. | Iowa | 79.1 | 76.6 | 81.7 |
16. | Idaho | 79.6 | 77.7 | 81.5 |
21. | Illinois | 79.3 | 76.7 | 81.8 |
25. | Texas | 78.8 | 76.4 | 81.3 |
24. | Maryland | 79.0 | 76.2 | 81.7 |
35. | Alaska | 78.2 | 76.3 | 80.4 |
29. | District of Columbia | 78.5 | 75.2 | 81.3 |
28. | South Dakota | 78.5 | 76.1 | 81.0 |
34. | Wyoming | 78.3 | 75.7 | 80.9 |
26. | Montana | 78.6 | 76.4 | 81.0 |
- | United States | 78.8 [13] | 76.3 [13] | 81.4 [13] |
30. | Maine | 78.4 | 75.9 | 81.0 |
32. | Nevada | 78.3 | 75.9 | 80.9 |
33. | Kansas | 78.3 | 76.0 | 80.6 |
31. | Delaware | 78.4 | 75.4 | 81.2 |
27. | Pennsylvania | 78.5 | 75.9 | 81.1 |
37. | North Carolina | 77.8 | 75.2 | 80.3 |
39. | New Mexico | 77.2 | 74.2 | 80.4 |
36. | Michigan | 78.1 | 75.7 | 80.4 |
38. | Georgia | 77.7 | 75.3 | 80.1 |
40. | Missouri | 77.2 | 74.4 | 80.0 |
43. | South Carolina | 76.9 | 74.0 | 79.8 |
41. | Indiana | 77.1 | 74.6 | 79.6 |
42. | Ohio | 77.0 | 74.5 | 79.6 |
- | Northern Mariana Islands [14] | 76.1 [14] | - | - |
44. | Louisiana | 76.0 | 73.1 | 78.8 |
47. | Tennessee | 75.8 | 73.0 | 78.7 |
46. | Oklahoma | 75.9 | 73.4 | 78.5 |
45. | Arkansas | 75.9 | 73.2 | 78.6 |
48. | Kentucky | 75.6 | 73.1 | 78.2 |
49. | Alabama | 75.5 | 72.5 | 78.5 |
51. | Mississippi | 74.5 | 71.4 | 77.7 |
- | American Samoa [14] | 74.8 [14] | - | - |
50. | West Virginia | 74.7 | 72.1 | 77.4 |
region | 2019 | 2019 →2020 | 2020 | 2020 →2021 | 2021 | 2019 →2021 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
overall | male | female | F Δ M | overall | overall | male | female | F Δ M | ||||
USA on average | 79.14 | 76.60 | 81.72 | 5.12 | −1.73 | 77.41 | −0.21 | 77.20 | 74.30 | 80.24 | 5.94 | −1.94 |
Hawaii | 81.55 | 78.49 | 84.65 | 6.16 | −1.78 | 79.77 | −0.22 | 79.55 | 76.14 | 83.11 | 6.97 | −2.00 |
Minnesota | 81.35 | 78.99 | 83.74 | 4.75 | −1.78 | 79.57 | −0.22 | 79.35 | 76.62 | 82.22 | 5.60 | −2.00 |
California | 81.04 | 78.70 | 83.43 | 4.73 | −1.76 | 79.28 | −0.22 | 79.06 | 76.34 | 81.92 | 5.58 | −1.98 |
Connecticut | 81.04 | 78.70 | 83.43 | 4.73 | −1.76 | 79.28 | −0.22 | 79.06 | 76.34 | 81.92 | 5.58 | −1.98 |
Vermont | 80.74 | 78.39 | 83.14 | 4.75 | −1.76 | 78.98 | −0.22 | 78.76 | 76.03 | 81.64 | 5.61 | −1.98 |
Massachusetts | 80.74 | 78.25 | 83.28 | 5.03 | −1.76 | 78.98 | −0.22 | 78.76 | 75.90 | 81.77 | 5.87 | −1.98 |
New York | 80.74 | 78.25 | 83.28 | 5.03 | −1.76 | 78.98 | −0.22 | 78.76 | 75.90 | 81.77 | 5.87 | −1.98 |
New Hampshire | 80.54 | 78.35 | 82.77 | 4.42 | −1.75 | 78.79 | −0.22 | 78.57 | 76.00 | 81.27 | 5.27 | −1.97 |
New Jersey | 80.54 | 78.10 | 83.03 | 4.93 | −1.75 | 78.79 | −0.22 | 78.57 | 75.75 | 81.52 | 5.77 | −1.97 |
Utah | 80.44 | 78.35 | 82.57 | 4.22 | −1.75 | 78.69 | −0.22 | 78.47 | 76.00 | 81.08 | 5.08 | −1.97 |
Colorado | 80.24 | 78.00 | 82.52 | 4.52 | −1.75 | 78.49 | −0.22 | 78.27 | 75.66 | 81.02 | 5.36 | −1.97 |
Wisconsin | 80.24 | 77.74 | 82.78 | 5.04 | −1.75 | 78.49 | −0.22 | 78.27 | 75.41 | 81.28 | 5.87 | −1.97 |
Washington (state) | 80.14 | 77.96 | 82.37 | 4.41 | −1.74 | 78.40 | −0.22 | 78.18 | 75.62 | 80.87 | 5.25 | −1.96 |
Rhode Island | 80.14 | 77.59 | 82.74 | 5.15 | −1.74 | 78.40 | −0.22 | 78.18 | 75.26 | 81.24 | 5.98 | −1.96 |
Nebraska | 80.04 | 77.59 | 82.53 | 4.94 | −1.74 | 78.30 | −0.22 | 78.08 | 75.27 | 81.03 | 5.76 | −1.96 |
Iowa | 79.94 | 77.49 | 82.43 | 4.94 | −1.74 | 78.20 | −0.22 | 77.98 | 75.17 | 80.94 | 5.77 | −1.96 |
Arizona | 79.84 | 77.20 | 82.52 | 5.32 | −1.74 | 78.10 | −0.22 | 77.88 | 74.89 | 81.03 | 6.14 | −1.96 |
Idaho | 79.74 | 77.60 | 81.92 | 4.32 | −1.74 | 78.00 | −0.21 | 77.79 | 75.27 | 80.44 | 5.17 | −1.95 |
Oregon | 79.74 | 77.45 | 82.07 | 4.62 | −1.74 | 78.00 | −0.21 | 77.79 | 75.13 | 80.58 | 5.45 | −1.95 |
South Dakota | 79.74 | 77.04 | 82.48 | 5.44 | −1.74 | 78.00 | −0.21 | 77.79 | 74.73 | 80.98 | 6.25 | −1.95 |
North Dakota | 79.74 | 76.91 | 82.62 | 5.71 | −1.74 | 78.00 | −0.21 | 77.79 | 74.60 | 81.12 | 6.52 | −1.95 |
Florida | 79.64 | 76.80 | 82.53 | 5.73 | −1.73 | 77.91 | −0.22 | 77.69 | 74.49 | 81.03 | 6.54 | −1.95 |
Maine | 79.44 | 77.05 | 81.87 | 4.82 | −1.73 | 77.71 | −0.22 | 77.49 | 74.74 | 80.39 | 5.65 | −1.95 |
Virginia | 79.24 | 76.85 | 81.67 | 4.82 | −1.73 | 77.51 | −0.21 | 77.30 | 74.54 | 80.19 | 5.65 | −1.94 |
Illinois | 79.24 | 76.70 | 81.82 | 5.12 | −1.73 | 77.51 | −0.21 | 77.30 | 74.40 | 80.33 | 5.93 | −1.94 |
Maryland | 79.04 | 76.50 | 81.62 | 5.12 | −1.72 | 77.32 | −0.22 | 77.10 | 74.21 | 80.14 | 5.93 | −1.94 |
Kansas | 78.94 | 76.40 | 81.52 | 5.12 | −1.72 | 77.22 | −0.22 | 77.00 | 74.10 | 80.04 | 5.94 | −1.94 |
Montana | 78.74 | 76.41 | 81.11 | 4.70 | −1.72 | 77.02 | −0.21 | 76.81 | 74.12 | 79.64 | 5.52 | −1.93 |
Texas | 78.74 | 76.25 | 81.27 | 5.02 | −1.72 | 77.02 | −0.21 | 76.81 | 73.96 | 79.79 | 5.83 | −1.93 |
Pennsylvania | 78.74 | 76.05 | 81.46 | 5.41 | −1.72 | 77.02 | −0.21 | 76.81 | 73.77 | 79.99 | 6.22 | −1.93 |
Delaware | 78.64 | 76.05 | 81.27 | 5.22 | −1.72 | 76.92 | −0.21 | 76.71 | 73.77 | 79.79 | 6.02 | −1.93 |
New Mexico | 78.64 | 75.74 | 81.57 | 5.83 | −1.72 | 76.92 | −0.21 | 76.71 | 73.47 | 80.09 | 6.62 | −1.93 |
Alaska | 78.54 | 76.20 | 80.91 | 4.71 | −1.71 | 76.83 | −0.22 | 76.61 | 73.92 | 79.44 | 5.52 | −1.93 |
Wyoming | 78.54 | 76.15 | 80.96 | 4.81 | −1.71 | 76.83 | −0.22 | 76.61 | 73.87 | 79.49 | 5.62 | −1.93 |
Michigan | 78.44 | 75.95 | 80.96 | 5.01 | −1.71 | 76.73 | −0.22 | 76.51 | 73.67 | 79.50 | 5.83 | −1.93 |
Nevada | 78.34 | 75.86 | 80.86 | 5.00 | −1.71 | 76.63 | −0.21 | 76.42 | 73.58 | 79.39 | 5.81 | −1.92 |
Ohio | 78.04 | 75.50 | 80.61 | 5.11 | −1.70 | 76.34 | −0.22 | 76.12 | 73.23 | 79.15 | 5.92 | −1.92 |
North Carolina | 78.04 | 75.35 | 80.77 | 5.42 | −1.70 | 76.34 | −0.22 | 76.12 | 73.08 | 79.30 | 6.22 | −1.92 |
Indiana | 77.83 | 75.20 | 80.51 | 5.31 | −1.69 | 76.14 | −0.21 | 75.93 | 72.94 | 79.05 | 6.11 | −1.90 |
Missouri | 77.73 | 75.05 | 80.46 | 5.41 | −1.69 | 76.04 | −0.21 | 75.83 | 72.80 | 79.00 | 6.20 | −1.90 |
Georgia | 77.43 | 74.85 | 80.06 | 5.21 | −1.68 | 75.75 | −0.21 | 75.54 | 72.60 | 78.61 | 6.01 | −1.89 |
South Carolina | 77.23 | 74.29 | 80.22 | 5.93 | −1.68 | 75.55 | −0.21 | 75.34 | 72.06 | 78.76 | 6.70 | −1.89 |
Washington, D.C. | 76.73 | 73.86 | 79.65 | 5.79 | −1.67 | 75.06 | −0.21 | 74.85 | 71.64 | 78.20 | 6.56 | −1.88 |
Tennessee | 76.53 | 73.70 | 79.40 | 5.70 | −1.67 | 74.86 | −0.21 | 74.65 | 71.49 | 77.96 | 6.47 | −1.88 |
Kentucky | 76.23 | 73.55 | 78.95 | 5.40 | −1.66 | 74.57 | −0.21 | 74.36 | 71.34 | 77.52 | 6.18 | −1.87 |
Arkansas | 76.23 | 73.30 | 79.20 | 5.90 | −1.66 | 74.57 | −0.21 | 74.36 | 71.10 | 77.77 | 6.67 | −1.87 |
Oklahoma | 76.13 | 73.55 | 78.75 | 5.20 | −1.66 | 74.47 | −0.21 | 74.26 | 71.34 | 77.32 | 5.98 | −1.87 |
Louisiana | 75.93 | 72.90 | 79.00 | 6.10 | −1.65 | 74.28 | −0.21 | 74.07 | 70.71 | 77.57 | 6.86 | −1.86 |
Alabama | 75.63 | 72.75 | 78.55 | 5.80 | −1.65 | 73.98 | −0.21 | 73.77 | 70.57 | 77.13 | 6.56 | −1.86 |
West Virginia | 75.63 | 72.71 | 78.59 | 5.88 | −1.65 | 73.98 | −0.21 | 73.77 | 70.53 | 77.17 | 6.64 | −1.86 |
Mississippi | 75.23 | 72.09 | 78.41 | 6.32 | −1.64 | 73.59 | −0.21 | 73.38 | 69.92 | 76.99 | 7.07 | −1.85 |
Data source: Global Data Lab [15]
State/Territory | 2019 [9] | 2010 [16] | 2000 [16] | 1990 [16] | 1980 [16] | 1970 [16] | 1960 [16] | 1950 [16] | 1940 [16] | Change 1940-2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States [13] | 78.8 | 78.7 | 76.8 | 75.4 | 73.7 | 70.8 | 69.7 | 68.1 | 64.0 | 14.8 |
Alabama | 75.5 | 75.3 | 74.4 | 73.7 | 72.3 | 69.2 | 67.9 | 65.9 | 60.2 | 15.3 |
Alaska | 78.2 | 77.9 | 76.2 | 75.0 | 72.4 | 69.2 | 67.2 | 65.8 | 58.1 | 20.1 |
American Samoa [17] | 74.8 | 71.6 | 71.4 | 70.9 | 70.2 | 69.3 | 67.0 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Arizona | 79.3 | 79.1 | 77.1 | 76.2 | 74.2 | 70.9 | 69.3 | 66.1 | 59.0 | 20.3 |
Arkansas | 75.9 | 76.0 | 74.8 | 74.4 | 73.3 | 70.8 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 64.3 | 11.6 |
California | 81.2 | 80.5 | 78.1 | 75.8 | 74.3 | 71.8 | 70.8 | 69.3 | 65.3 | 15.9 |
Colorado | 80.2 | 80.0 | 78.4 | 77.2 | 75.4 | 72.1 | 70.9 | 69.2 | 64.7 | 15.5 |
Connecticut | 80.6 | 80.7 | 78.3 | 77.1 | 74.9 | 72.6 | 71.1 | 70.1 | 66.3 | 14.3 |
Delaware | 78.4 | 78.2 | 76.4 | 75.0 | 73.2 | 69.9 | 69.1 | 67.1 | 65.0 | 13.4 |
District of Columbia | 78.5 | 76.8 | 72.1 | 67.4 | 68.9 | 65.2 | 66.3 | 63.7 | 56.0 | 22.5 |
Florida | 79.6 | 78.9 | 77.0 | 75.7 | 73.8 | 70.8 | 69.9 | 67.8 | 61.6 | 18.0 |
Georgia | 77.7 | 77.2 | 75.1 | 73.8 | 72.1 | 68.4 | 67.5 | 65.8 | 60.2 | 17.5 |
Guam [10] | 79.9 | 77.0 | 75.0 | 71.9 | 69.3 | 65.7 | 61.0 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Hawaii | 81.6 | 81.2 | 79.5 | 78.2 | 77.1 | 74.0 | 71.3 | 70.0 | 65.8 | 15.8 |
Idaho | 79.6 | 79.4 | 78.1 | 77.2 | 75.2 | 72.0 | 71.4 | 69.2 | 66.9 | 12.7 |
Illinois | 79.3 | 78.9 | 76.6 | 74.9 | 73.3 | 70.1 | 69.6 | 68.0 | 64.8 | 14.5 |
Indiana | 77.1 | 77.5 | 76.0 | 75.4 | 73.9 | 70.9 | 70.3 | 68.6 | 64.9 | 12.2 |
Iowa | 79.1 | 79.6 | 78.3 | 77.5 | 75.8 | 72.6 | 71.9 | 70.5 | 68.1 | 11.0 |
Kansas | 78.3 | 78.5 | 77.4 | 77.0 | 75.2 | 72.8 | 71.9 | 70.3 | 67.3 | 11.0 |
Kentucky | 75.6 | 75.8 | 75.1 | 74.4 | 72.8 | 70.0 | 69.6 | 67.5 | 62.1 | 13.5 |
Louisiana | 76.0 | 75.7 | 74.1 | 73.1 | 71.6 | 68.7 | 67.9 | 66.6 | 61.2 | 14.8 |
Maine | 78.4 | 79.1 | 77.6 | 76.6 | 74.4 | 70.7 | 70.2 | 69.1 | 64.8 | 13.6 |
Maryland | 79.0 | 78.9 | 76.2 | 74.9 | 73.3 | 70.2 | 68.6 | 67.1 | 61.6 | 17.4 |
Massachusetts | 80.7 | 80.5 | 78.2 | 76.8 | 74.8 | 71.9 | 70.5 | 69.7 | 65.7 | 15.0 |
Michigan | 78.1 | 78.0 | 76.4 | 75.1 | 73.7 | 70.7 | 70.2 | 68.5 | 65.1 | 13.0 |
Minnesota | 80.6 | 80.8 | 79.0 | 77.8 | 76.1 | 73.0 | 71.8 | 70.5 | 67.9 | 12.7 |
Mississippi | 74.5 | 74.8 | 73.4 | 73.1 | 71.8 | 68.4 | 67.6 | 65.5 | 60.3 | 14.2 |
Missouri | 77.2 | 77.4 | 76.0 | 75.3 | 73.6 | 70.6 | 70.2 | 68.6 | 64.5 | 12.7 |
Montana | 78.6 | 78.5 | 77.3 | 76.4 | 73.8 | 70.8 | 69.6 | 68.1 | 65.0 | 13.6 |
Nebraska | 79.4 | 79.6 | 78.3 | 76.9 | 75.4 | 72.5 | 72.0 | 70.7 | 68.3 | 11.1 |
Nevada | 78.3 | 77.8 | 75.9 | 74.5 | 72.6 | 69.3 | 67.6 | 66.0 | 61.6 | 16.7 |
New Hampshire | 79.6 | 80.3 | 78.5 | 77.0 | 75.1 | 71.6 | 70.7 | 69.3 | 66.2 | 13.4 |
New Jersey | 80.5 | 79.9 | 77.3 | 75.4 | 73.8 | 71.0 | 69.9 | 68.4 | 64.5 | 16.0 |
New Mexico | 77.2 | 78.1 | 77.1 | 76.0 | 73.8 | 70.5 | 69.3 | 65.9 | 59.0 | 18.2 |
New York | 81.2 | 80.2 | 77.6 | 74.6 | 73.4 | 70.5 | 69.7 | 68.2 | 64.9 | 16.3 |
North Carolina | 77.8 | 77.8 | 75.6 | 74.7 | 73.0 | 69.3 | 68.2 | 66.9 | 61.9 | 15.9 |
North Dakota | 79.2 | 79.6 | 78.8 | 77.5 | 75.6 | 73.0 | 71.5 | 70.0 | 67.4 | 11.8 |
Northern Mariana Islands [17] | 76.1 | 76.4 | 75.8 | 74.3 | 73.6 | 71.4 | 69.3 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Ohio | 77.0 | 77.6 | 76.3 | 75.3 | 73.3 | 70.8 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 64.7 | 12.3 |
Oklahoma | 75.9 | 75.7 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 73.6 | 71.1 | 70.8 | 69.8 | 65.3 | 10.6 |
Oregon | 79.6 | 79.5 | 77.8 | 76.5 | 74.9 | 72.4 | 71.0 | 69.8 | 66.9 | 12.7 |
Pennsylvania | 78.5 | 78.4 | 76.7 | 75.4 | 73.3 | 70.4 | 69.5 | 67.7 | 63.9 | 14.6 |
Puerto Rico [10] | 79.8 | 78.4 | 76.7 | 74.2 | 73.7 | 71.5 | 68.7 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Rhode Island | 79.8 | 79.5 | 78.0 | 76.4 | 74.6 | 71.7 | 70.6 | 68.5 | 65.5 | 14.3 |
South Carolina | 76.9 | 76.7 | 74.7 | 73.6 | 71.8 | 68.1 | 66.1 | 64.3 | 57.1 | 19.8 |
South Dakota | 78.5 | 79.2 | 78.0 | 77.1 | 74.8 | 72.3 | 70.5 | 69.8 | 67.1 | 11.4 |
Tennessee | 75.8 | 76.1 | 74.7 | 74.2 | 73.1 | 70.0 | 69.4 | 67.1 | 62.4 | 13.4 |
Texas | 78.8 | 78.3 | 76.5 | 75.2 | 73.6 | 70.8 | 70.2 | 67.8 | 62.8 | 16.0 |
Utah | 79.9 | 79.8 | 78.6 | 78.0 | 75.8 | 72.8 | 71.8 | 69.9 | 66.8 | 13.1 |
U.S. Virgin Islands [10] | 79.6 | 78.0 | 76.6 | 74.2 | 71.7 | 69.1 | 66.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Vermont | 79.9 | 80.0 | 78.2 | 76.7 | 74.3 | 71.9 | 70.4 | 69.3 | 65.6 | 14.3 |
Virginia | 79.3 | 79.0 | 76.8 | 75.3 | 73.3 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 66.4 | 59.9 | 19.4 |
Washington | 80.2 | 80.0 | 78.2 | 76.8 | 75.0 | 71.9 | 71.1 | 69.4 | 66.4 | 13.8 |
West Virginia | 74.7 | 75.4 | 74.9 | 74.4 | 72.6 | 69.2 | 69.6 | 67.4 | 62.8 | 11.9 |
Wisconsin | 79.3 | 79.6 | 78.0 | 76.9 | 75.3 | 72.5 | 71.1 | 69.7 | 67.4 | 11.9 |
Wyoming | 78.3 | 78.0 | 77.1 | 76.4 | 73.8 | 70.8 | 69.2 | 68.0 | 65.1 | 13.2 |
County | State | Total | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Los Angeles | California | 82.4 | 81.2 | 84.4 | 76.1 | 87.7 |
Cook | Illinois | 79.7 | 81.1 | 85.6 | 73.3 | 89 |
Harris | Texas | 79.9 | 79.2 | 84.3 | 74.8 | 87.5 |
Maricopa | Arizona | 80.5 | 80.7 | 81.6 | 77 | 87.2 |
San Diego | California | 82.2 | 81.4 | 84.1 | 78.2 | 87.9 |
Orange | California | 83.2 | 81.7 | 84.7 | 81 | 88.1 |
Miami-Dade | Florida | 82.4 | 80.1 | 84.2 | 77 | 91.1 |
Dallas | Texas | 79.1 | 78.8 | 84.4 | 74.9 | 87.7 |
Kings | New York | 82.9 | 83.8 | 83.5 | 81.4 | 89.2 |
Riverside | California | 80.9 | 79.5 | 83.6 | 77.5 | 87 |
Clark | Nevada | 79 | 77.4 | 86 | 74.7 | 85.4 |
King | Washington | 82.4 | 82.1 | 86.4 | 77.6 | 87.8 |
Queens | New York | 84.1 | 82.2 | 88.3 | 81.5 | 89.9 |
San Bernardino | California | 78.8 | 76.5 | 81.8 | 75 | 86.7 |
Tarrant | Texas | 79.3 | 78.6 | 85 | 76.6 | 86.8 |
Bexar | Texas | 78.9 | 78.5 | 79.6 | 75.6 | 87.9 |
Broward | Florida | 81.5 | 79.6 | 86.9 | 80.8 | 89 |
Santa Clara | California | 84.9 | 83.1 | 84.3 | 79.7 | 90 |
Wayne | Michigan | 75.5 | 77.5 | 80.2 | 72.2 | 90.4 |
Alameda | California | 83.1 | 82.2 | 84.5 | 75.7 | 88.6 |
New York | New York | 85.3 | 87.6 | 86 | 77.1 | 90.3 |
Middlesex | Massachusetts | 82.4 | 81.9 | 89.6 | 82.7 | 90.5 |
Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 76.4 | 77.2 | 80 | 73.6 | 89.5 |
Sacramento | California | 79.6 | 78.9 | 82.8 | 75.1 | 84.9 |
Palm Beach | Florida | 82.6 | 81.9 | 87 | 81 | 92.1 |
Hillsborough | Florida | 79.6 | 79 | 82.9 | 76.5 | 89.5 |
Suffolk | New York | 80.9 | 80.6 | 85.7 | 78.1 | 88.9 |
Orange | Florida | 80.6 | 79.6 | 83.8 | 78.3 | 89.5 |
Bronx | New York | 80.9 | 79.1 | 83.4 | 79 | 91.7 |
Nassau | New York | 83.1 | 82.7 | 87.7 | 81.2 | 90.7 |
Franklin | Ohio | 77.2 | 77.6 | 90.3 | 74.3 | 87.1 |
Travis | Texas | 81.9 | 81.5 | 84.9 | 77.6 | 88.8 |
Hennepin | Minnesota | 81.3 | 81.9 | 88.5 | 77.3 | 85.8 |
Oakland | Michigan | 80.4 | 80.6 | 83.9 | 77.2 | 92.6 |
Cuyahoga | Ohio | 77 | 78.3 | 82.7 | 73.6 | 89 |
Allegheny | Pennsylvania | 78.1 | 78.9 | 90 | 72.4 | 86.4 |
Salt Lake | Utah | 79.8 | 79.4 | 82.8 | 75.6 | 83.8 |
Contra Costa | California | 82.5 | 81.9 | 85.2 | 76.6 | 88.4 |
Fairfax | Virginia | 85.6 | 84.7 | 92 | 84.1 | 90.3 |
Wake | North Carolina | 81.8 | 82.4 | 87.4 | 78.1 | 90.4 |
Mecklenburg | North Carolina | 80.6 | 81.7 | 88.6 | 77 | 87.3 |
Fulton | Georgia | 79.6 | 82.8 | 87.7 | 75.4 | 88.9 |
Collin | Texas | 82.7 | 81.8 | 87.4 | 80.4 | 90 |
Pima | Arizona | 79.5 | 79.5 | 80.7 | 75.7 | 88.1 |
Montgomery | Maryland | 84.6 | 83.8 | 92.4 | 82.1 | 90.2 |
Fresno | California | 78.9 | 78 | 81 | 72.1 | 81.7 |
St. Louis | Missouri | 78 | 79.9 | 86.9 | 71.7 | 89.1 |
Pinellas | Florida | 79.2 | 79.1 | 84.8 | 74.9 | 88.4 |
Duval | Florida | 76.1 | 75.7 | 83.8 | 74.2 | 88.7 |
Marion | Indiana | 76 | 76.5 | 86.8 | 73.3 | 84.9 |
Westchester | New York | 83.6 | 83.5 | 89.1 | 80.7 | 92.7 |
Honolulu | Hawaii | 82.5 | 81.9 | 76.6 | 86 | 83.2 |
Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 76.9 | 78.6 | 82.5 | 71.7 | 83.5 |
Gwinnett | Georgia | 81.2 | 80 | 88.2 | 80.1 | 86.7 |
Fairfield | Connecticut | 83 | 82.8 | 87.7 | 80.8 | 94.2 |
Shelby | Tennessee | 75.5 | 78 | 86.5 | 73.2 | 86.3 |
Bergen | New Jersey | 83.2 | 81.9 | 88.3 | 80.3 | 92.4 |
Denton | Texas | 82 | 81.1 | 89 | 80.5 | 88.6 |
DuPage | Illinois | 82.5 | 81.8 | 87.6 | 78.1 | 90.6 |
Erie | New York | 78.7 | 79.4 | 81.3 | 74 | 88.8 |
Pierce | Washington | 79 | 79 | 84 | 76.1 | 82.8 |
Prince George's | Maryland | 79.6 | 79.2 | 86.6 | 78.6 | 89.2 |
Kern | California | 77.5 | 75.6 | 81.1 | 72.3 | 84.1 |
Hartford | Connecticut | 80.2 | 80.1 | 81.9 | 79.1 | 90.1 |
Hidalgo | Texas | 81.9 | 81.3 | 81.3 | 88.3 | 94.8 |
Macomb | Michigan | 78 | 78.3 | 83 | 73.5 | 87.8 |
San Francisco | California | 84 | 83.3 | 85.4 | 73.1 | 87.8 |
New Haven | Connecticut | 80.1 | 80 | 83.7 | 77.5 | 98.8 |
Ventura | California | 82.5 | 81.5 | 84.7 | 80.8 | 89.3 |
El Paso | Texas | 80.1 | 76.7 | 81 | 78.5 | 86.1 |
Fort Bend | Texas | 83 | 81.5 | 86.5 | 80.5 | 89 |
Montgomery | Pennsylvania | 80.9 | 80.8 | 86.8 | 77.9 | 88.6 |
Snohomish | Washington | 80.5 | 79.7 | 85.6 | 83.3 | 88.7 |
Worcester | Massachusetts | 79.3 | 79.3 | 82.1 | 81.5 | 90 |
Baltimore | Maryland | 78.1 | 78 | 90.5 | 76.5 | 89.4 |
Middlesex | New Jersey | 81.7 | 79.4 | 85.8 | 80 | 90.4 |
Hamilton | Ohio | 76.6 | 77.7 | 97.3 | 73.1 | 86.1 |
Multnomah | Oregon | 79.7 | 79.6 | 85.2 | 74.1 | 84.3 |
Oklahoma | Oklahoma | 76.1 | 76.3 | 82.4 | 72.9 | 83.8 |
Suffolk | Massachusetts | 81.6 | 80.7 | 89 | 79.7 | 90.9 |
Essex | New Jersey | 79.8 | 82.1 | 84.8 | 75.6 | 93.8 |
Essex | Massachusetts | 80.2 | 79.8 | 86.4 | 80 | 89 |
Lee | Florida | 82.5 | 81.7 | 85.2 | 81 | 97.6 |
San Joaquin | California | 78.6 | 77.3 | 81.8 | 72 | 83.2 |
Jefferson | Kentucky | 76.1 | 76.5 | 89.2 | 73.3 | 82.7 |
Cobb | Georgia | 80.7 | 80.6 | 88.7 | 78.7 | 89.2 |
DeKalb | Georgia | 80.4 | 82.7 | 87 | 78.4 | 90.4 |
San Mateo | California | 85 | 83.4 | 87.8 | 79 | 89.5 |
Polk | Florida | 78.6 | 78.1 | 82.8 | 75.7 | 91 |
Monroe | New York | 79.8 | 80.7 | 80.6 | 74.5 | 88.4 |
Denver | Colorado | 79.9 | 81 | 79.6 | 75.4 | 86.5 |
El Paso | Colorado | 78.9 | 79 | 79.8 | 75.3 | 85.9 |
District of Columbia | District of Columbia | 79 | 88 | 88.3 | 72.7 | 89.9 |
Norfolk | Massachusetts | 81.9 | 81.3 | 88.8 | 81.7 | 90.9 |
Jackson | Missouri | 77.2 | 78.4 | 83.4 | 72.8 | 86.3 |
Davidson | Tennessee | 77 | 77.7 | 88.6 | 74 | 86.3 |
Lake | Illinois | 81.6 | 81.4 | 85.1 | 75.1 | 91.2 |
Will | Illinois | 79.8 | 79.3 | 85.3 | 77 | 92.1 |
Bernalillo | New Mexico | 78.4 | 79.3 | 78 | 74.6 | 86.4 |
Hudson | New Jersey | 82.6 | 79.5 | 86.4 | 75.8 | 92.2 |
Kent | Michigan | 80 | 80.4 | 85.1 | 74.7 | 92.9 |
Tulsa | Oklahoma | 76.8 | 77.4 | 85.7 | 71.3 | 83.6 |
Arapahoe | Colorado | 81.3 | 81.2 | 83.7 | 79.4 | 87.6 |
Jefferson | Alabama | 74.6 | 76 | 79.1 | 72.7 | 83.6 |
Utah | Utah | 80.6 | 80.3 | 86.9 | 77.9 | 82.9 |
Providence | Rhode Island | 79.4 | 78.5 | 91.3 | 82.8 | 85.9 |
Bucks | Pennsylvania | 79.9 | 79.5 | 87.8 | 78.2 | 89.1 |
Montgomery | Texas | 79.7 | 78.9 | 86.5 | 77.4 | 92.8 |
Monmouth | New Jersey | 80.6 | 80.4 | 83.8 | 75.8 | 89.6 |
Williamson | Texas | 82.1 | 81.3 | 85.3 | 79.7 | 90.1 |
Ocean | New Jersey | 79.1 | 78.8 | 85.6 | 76.5 | 91.3 |
Brevard | Florida | 77.8 | 77.2 | 84.3 | 76.6 | 90.2 |
Johnson | Kansas | 81.7 | 81.7 | 84.4 | 76.9 | 87.2 |
Washington | Oregon | 82.7 | 82.1 | 88.7 | 84.3 | 87.8 |
Baltimore City | Maryland | 72.8 | 75.7 | 92.8 | 70.6 | 95.3 |
Jefferson | Colorado | 80.8 | 81 | 80 | 73.4 | 86.3 |
Anne Arundel | Maryland | 79.3 | 79.1 | 86.4 | 78 | 85.1 |
Douglas | Nebraska | 79.1 | 79.5 | 89.5 | 73.1 | 85.8 |
Pasco | Florida | 77.8 | 76.8 | 83.8 | 78.5 | 87.6 |
Bristol | Massachusetts | 78.7 | 78.9 | 84.7 | 83.6 | 91.8 |
Delaware | Pennsylvania | 78.6 | 79 | 82.9 | 75.6 | 91.3 |
New Castle | Delaware | 78.4 | 78.5 | 86.1 | 75.9 | 90.6 |
Volusia | Florida | 76.8 | 76 | 82.4 | 75.3 | 86.8 |
Union | New Jersey | 81.6 | 81.3 | 87.6 | 78 | 91.7 |
Dane | Wisconsin | 81.8 | 82 | 85.2 | 73.7 | 89.5 |
Stanislaus | California | 78.2 | 76.5 | 82.6 | 73.1 | 82.9 |
Ramsey | Minnesota | 79.9 | 80.7 | 82.9 | 75.5 | 80.5 |
Lancaster | Pennsylvania | 80.5 | 80.5 | 82.7 | 77.8 | 86.9 |
Guilford | North Carolina | 78.1 | 78.7 | 88.1 | 75.6 | 89.2 |
Summit | Ohio | 77.2 | 77.8 | 99.9 | 72.8 | 82.6 |
Greenville | South Carolina | 78.4 | 78.6 | 86 | 75.5 | 87.7 |
Montgomery | Ohio | 74.9 | 75.5 | 93.5 | 71.7 | 88.4 |
Kane | Illinois | 81.6 | 80.9 | 88.2 | 77.1 | 87.6 |
Spokane | Washington | 78.6 | 78.5 | 84.2 | 77.4 | 84.4 |
Chester | Pennsylvania | 81.4 | 81.3 | 88.1 | 75.8 | 93.8 |
Plymouth | Massachusetts | 79.8 | 79.5 | 86.9 | 85 | 88.5 |
Sedgwick | Kansas | 77.6 | 77.9 | 82.8 | 72.9 | 89 |
Adams | Colorado | 79.4 | 78.6 | 82.1 | 76.3 | 85.8 |
Camden | New Jersey | 77.2 | 77.5 | 81.3 | 73.2 | 89.4 |
Passaic | New Jersey | 80.6 | 79.7 | 87 | 74 | 90.5 |
Clark | Washington | 80.1 | 79.8 | 85.7 | 77.2 | 85.8 |
Morris | New Jersey | 82.6 | 81.9 | 88.9 | 79.5 | 91.9 |
Lake | Indiana | 76.3 | 76.8 | 81.9 | 72.4 | 88 |
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth. This can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of a birth cohort and can be computed only for cohorts born so long ago that all their members have died. Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year. National LEB figures reported by national agencies and international organizations for human populations are estimates of period LEB.
The United States had an official estimated resident population of 335,893,238 on Jan 1, 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This figure includes the 50 states and Washington, D.C. but excludes the population of five unincorporated U.S. territories as well as several minor island possessions. The United States is the third most populous country in the world, and the most populous in the Americas and the Western Hemisphere. The Census Bureau showed a population increase of 0.4% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2022, below the world average annual rate of 0.9%. The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2022 is 1.665 children per woman, which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, Illinois is the most representative of the larger demography of the United States.
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. Similarly, the child mortality rate, also known as the under-five mortality rate, compares the death rate of children up to the age of five.
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from "morbidity", which is either the prevalence or incidence of a disease, and also from the incidence rate.
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is a U.S. government agency that provides statistical information to guide actions and policies to improve the public health of the American people. It is a unit of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System. It is headquartered at University Town Center in Hyattsville, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C.
In actuarial science and demography, a life table is a table which shows, for each age, the probability that a person of that age will die before their next birthday. In other words, it represents the survivorship of people from a certain population. They can also be explained as a long-term mathematical way to measure a population's longevity. Tables have been created by demographers including John Graunt, Reed and Merrell, Keyfitz, and Greville.
Health in Cuba refers to the overall health of the population of Cuba. Like the rest of the Cuban economy, Cuban medical care suffered following the end of Soviet subsidies in 1991; the stepping up of the US embargo against Cuba at this time also had an effect.
Healthcare in Europe is provided through a wide range of different systems run at individual national levels. Most European countries have a system of tightly regulated, competing private health insurance companies, with government subsidies available for citizens who cannot afford coverage. Many European countries offer their citizens a European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries.
The Tajikistan health system is influenced by the former Soviet legacy. It is ranked as the poorest country within the WHO European region, including the lowest total health expenditure per capita. Tajikistan is ranked 129th as Human Development Index of 188 countries, with an Index of 0.627 in 2016. In 2016, the SDG Index value was 56. In Tajikistan health indicators such as infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest of the former Soviet republics. In the post-Soviet era, life expectancy has decreased because of poor nutrition, polluted water supplies, and increased incidence of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Because the health care system has deteriorated badly and receives insufficient funding and because sanitation and water supply systems are in declining condition, Tajikistan has a high risk of epidemic disease.
Lesotho's Human development index value for 2018 was 0.518—which put the country in the low human development category—positioning it at 164 out of 189 countries and territories. Health care services in Lesotho are delivered primarily by the government and the Christian Health Association of Lesotho. Access to health services is difficult for many people, especially in rural areas. The country's health system is challenged by the relentless increase of the burden of disease brought about by AIDS, and a lack of expertise and human resources. Serious emergencies are often referred to neighbouring South Africa. The largest contribution to mortality in Lesotho are communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions.
The quality of health in Rwanda has historically been very low, both before and immediately after the 1994 genocide. In 1998, more than one in five children died before their fifth birthday, often from malaria. But in recent years Rwanda has seen improvement on a number of key health indicators. Between 2005 and 2013, life expectancy increased from 55.2 to 64.0, under-5 mortality decreased from 106.4 to 52.0 per 1,000 live births, and incidence of tuberculosis has dropped from 101 to 69 per 100,000 people. The country's progress in healthcare has been cited by the international media and charities. The Atlantic devoted an article to "Rwanda's Historic Health Recovery". Partners In Health described the health gains "among the most dramatic the world has seen in the last 50 years".
Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman during her pregnancy or up to a year after her pregnancy has terminated; this metric only includes causes related to the pregnancy, and does not include accidental causes. Some sources will define maternal mortality as the death of a woman up to 42 days after the pregnancy has ended, instead of one year. In 1986, the CDC began tracking pregnancy-related deaths to gather information and determine what was causing these deaths by creating the Pregnancy-Related Mortality Surveillance System. According to a 2010–2011 report although the United States was spending more on healthcare than any other country in the world, more than two women died during childbirth every day, making maternal mortality in the United States the highest when compared to 49 other countries in the developed world.
The Taeuber Paradox is a paradox in demography, which results from two seemingly contradictory expectations given a population-wide decrease in mortality, e.g. from curing or reducing the mortality of a disease in a population. The two expectations are: