Northeastern United States American Northeast, the Northeast | |
---|---|
Subregions | |
Country | United States |
States | [1] |
Area | |
181,324 sq mi (469,630 km2) | |
• Land | 162,257 sq mi (420,240 km2) |
• Water | 19,067 sq mi (49,380 km2) 9.51% |
• Urban | 74,800 sq mi (194,000 km2) |
Highest elevation | 6,288 ft (1,916.66 m) |
Lowest elevation (Atlantic Ocean [4] ) | 0 ft (0 m) |
Population | |
57,609,148 | |
• Density | 320/sq mi (120/km2) |
Demonym(s) | Northeasterner, Yankee |
GDP | |
• Region | $5.1 trillion (2022) |
• Per capita | $88,600 (2022) |
Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
The Northeastern United States (also referred to as the Northeast, the East Coast, [b] or the American Northeast) is one of the four census regions defined by the United States Census Bureau . Located on the Atlantic coast of North America, the region borders Canada to its north, the Southern United States to its south, the Midwestern United States to its west, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east.
The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics. [1] The Census Bureau defines the region as including the six New England states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, and three northern Mid-Atlantic states of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
The region is home to the Northeast megalopolis, which includes many of the nation's largest metropolitan areas, including Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. The megalopolis makes up 67% of the region's total population of 57,609,148. The gross domestic product of the region was $5.1 trillion as of 2022 and contains some of the most developed states based on the Human Development Index, with every state with the exception of Maine above the national average. [10] [11] It is also the most densely populated region in the United States, with 320 people per square mile (120 people/km2). [12] [13] The U.S. Census Bureau defines the Northeast United States as having a total area of 181,324 sq mi (469,630 km2), making it the smallest region of the United States by total area.
Anthropologists recognize the "Northeastern Woodlands" as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists in the 15th and later centuries. Most did not settle in North America until the 17th century. The cultural area, known as the "Northeastern Woodlands", in addition to covering the entire Northeast U.S., also covered much of what is now Canada and others regions of what is now the eastern United States. [14]
Among the many tribes inhabiting this area were those that made up the Iroquois nations and the numerous Algonquian peoples. [15] In the United States of the 21st century, 18 federally recognized tribes reside in the Northeast. [16] For the most part, the people of the Northeastern Woodlands, on whose lands European fishermen began camping to dry their codfish in the early 1600s, lived in villages, especially after being influenced by agricultural traditions of the Ohio and Mississippi valley societies. [17]
All of the U.S. states making up the Northeastern region were among the original Thirteen Colonies, though Maine and Vermont were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the American Revolution. The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories. The first European explorer known to have explored the Atlantic shoreline of the Northeast since the Norse was Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. His ship La Dauphine explored the coast from what is now known as Florida to New Brunswick.
The first Europeans to settle and colonize New England were Pilgrims from England, who landed in present-day Massachusetts in 1620. [18] The Pilgrims arrived on the ship Mayflower and founded Plymouth Colony so they could practice religion freely. [18] Ten years later, a larger group of Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston to form Massachusetts Bay Colony. [19] In 1636, colonists established Connecticut Colony [20] and Providence Plantations. [21]
Providence was founded by Roger Williams, who was banished by Massachusetts for his beliefs in freedom of religion, and it was the first colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship. Anne Hutchinson, who was also banished by Massachusetts, formed the town of Portsmouth. Providence, Portsmouth and two other towns (Newport and Warwick) consolidated to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. [21]
Henry Hudson explored the area of present-day New York in 1609 and claimed it for the Netherlands. His journey stimulated Dutch interest, and the area became known as New Netherland. In 1625, the city of New Amsterdam (the location of present-day New York City) was designated the capital of the province. [22] The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River and, for a time, the New Sweden settlement along the Delaware River divided the English settlements in the north and the south. In 1664, Charles II of England formally annexed New Netherland and incorporated it into the English colonial empire. [23] The territory became the colonies of New York and New Jersey. [23] New Jersey was originally split into East Jersey and West Jersey until the two were united as a royal colony in 1702. [23]
New England played a prominent role in early American education. Starting in the 17th century, the larger towns in New England opened grammar schools, the forerunner of the modern high school.[ citation needed ] The first public school in the English colonies was the Boston Latin School, founded in 1635. [24] In 1636, the colonial legislature of Massachusetts founded Harvard College, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. [25]
In 1681, William Penn, who wanted to give Quakers a land of religious freedom, founded Pennsylvania and extended freedom of religion to all citizens. [26]
Penn strongly desired access to the sea for the Province of Pennsylvania and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware" from the Duke. [27] Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682.
By 1704, the province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle, Delaware. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703 to 1738, both New York and New Jersey shared a governor. [28] Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time. [29]
The beginnings of the American Revolutionary War would be in the Northeast, specifically in Massachusetts. The Battles of Lexington and Concord in northeast of Boston would be the first military engagements between the Revolutionaries and the British. [30] [ page needed ] Many of the major battles of the revolution would be fought in the Northeast. The British would evacuate Boston in early-1776 and would move to capture New York City. [31] [ page needed ]
The revolutionaries were pushed to the Delaware River before suddenly moving forward against the British in the Battles of Trenton and Princeton. [31] [ page needed ] A stalemate was reached in 1778, between the British and American Revolutionaries and continued until the end of the war in 1783. [32] The war would move to southern states and eventually conclude with the Battle of Yorktown in Virginia. [31] [ page needed ]
The idea of an independent United States of America, with the designs of its government would be created primarily in the Northeast in a series of declarations, constitutions, and documents. The Continental Congresses would meet in Philadelphia, which would produce the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. Following the American Revolution, the capital of the newly formed United States would move around in the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It was based in New York City from 1785 until 1790, when it was moved to Congress Hall in Philadelphia, where it remained for a decade, until 1800, when the construction of the new national capital of Washington, D.C. was completed. [33]
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia, where the new United States Constitution was drafted in 1787. [34] 6 of the first 13 states to ratify the new constitution would be in the Northeast, with the last of the original 13, Rhode Island, ratifying the constitution in 1790. Vermont would be admitted in 1791 as the 14th state. The first Congress would convene in Federal Hall in New York City in March 1789. [35]
Following the revolution the Northeast would see small skirmishes like the Whiskey Rebellion in western parts of Pennsylvania. [36] [ page needed ] Many northeastern states would continue trading with the British and other European powers. Tensions between the United States and Europe (specifically Britain) would sour in the lead up to the War of 1812.
This caused certain trade merchants to meet in Hartford to propose succeeding from the United States. [37] The War of 1812 would see less fighting in the Northeast and instead more fighting in western and southern areas. A failed invasion of Canada and the occupation of Maine would be some of the major conflicts during the war. [38] The war would end in 1815 and most of the Northeast has not seen any major conflict since then.
The American Industrial Revolution was launched in Blackstone Valley in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, where textile mills spread across New England, and in eastern Pennsylvania, where coal, steel, and industrialization launched the nation's manufacturing sector. [39]
After the end of the War of 1812, industry boomed in the Northeast in the early and middle parts of the 19th century. With the construction of railroad and canals crossing the northeast and the rise of western territories and resources from the south, the Northeast experienced the development of new industries and a fast-growing population. Many of the coastal cities, including Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia, served as ocean trade ports for American goods.
Cities, including Allentown, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Rochester, and Syracuse, were settled and emerged as major industrial centers. [40]
By 1860, New York City, based on its present-day boundaries, was the first U.S. city to reach a population exceeding one million. [41] [ page needed ] Due to the settlement of the Midwest and Great Plains, agriculture would collapse in the Mid-Atlantic and New England, with many farms being abandoned by the end of the century, returning to rural forest.
Conflicts with the south over the spread of slavery would become a large factor in the start of the American Civil War, between the United States (western and Northeastern states) and the Confederacy (southeastern states). The admission of Maine as a free state in exchange for Missouri becoming a slave state as part of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 would settle the final boundaries of the Northeastern states. [42]
The Mason-Dixon line would be established as the border of slavery, following the border of Pennsylvania and Delaware/Maryland. [43] Abolitionist movements would start in the Northeast and Midwest and would become prominent towards the mid-19th century, these groups advocated the shrinking or banning of slavery in the United States. Some Northeastern states still had small amounts of slaves into the 1850s, though some would ban it during the decade.
The election of 1860 led to the start of the Civil War; southern states seceded from the United States in late-1860 and early-1861. States like Maryland and Delaware would remain in the union, even with slavery still legal. For the first two years, the eastern theater of the war would remain in Virginia and Maryland, but in 1863 the war would reach its northeastern most extent in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg is considered a turning point in the Civil War, seeing the end of the Confederate push northwards. [44]
While all Northeastern states would remain in the United States during the war, conflicts did arise, like the New York draft riots in 1863. [45] The war would end in 1865 with the United States taking back control of Southern states.
Following the Civil War, the Northeast would see a large economic boom and would become one of the most industrialized regions in the world. Many technological innovations would be made in the Northeast during this time. The Second Industrial Revolution would see the northeast grow massively, even more so than before the Civil War. Many cities in the Northeast would explode in population, with cities like Philadelphia and New York climbing over one million people, while other cities like Buffalo, Boston, and Pittsburgh would rise above half a million during this time.
New York City eventually grew to become one of the largest cities in the world by 1900. With the American involvement in both World Wars, the Northeast would become a large base of war production, with the Brooklyn Naval Yard producing many navy ships. [46] Many worker strikes would occur in the states, including the Homestead strike in 1892. [47] Many of these cities would see a peak population and industrial output in the aftermath of World War II in the 1950s. [48]
Starting in the 1950s and continuing into the 21st century, a large industrial decline in the Northeast resulted in a depopulation of many Northeastern cities, many of which had not yet recovered from it into the 21st century. This led to the rise of programs of urban renewal and demolition of large parts of Northeastern cities during the mid and late 20th century. [49] [ page needed ] There has also been a large population shift to the Sun Belt states starting in the 1960s. [50]
New York state lost its claim to being the most populated state after it was surpassed by California in the 1970s. Some Northeastern cities, including New York City, have recovered from its decline in the mid-20th century. [41] [ page needed ] Many new information and service industries have risen in the northeast, which has led to a boom in the 21st century in some cities in the Northeast like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Some other cities like Hartford, Syracuse, and Buffalo still are declining though in the 21st century. [51] Hurricane Sandy would impact much of the northeast in 2012, severely damaging much of the coast and causing flooding inland. The hurricane would directly impact New Jersey and caused large amounts of flooding in New York City. [52]
Although the first settlers of New England were motivated by religion, since the 21st century, New England had become one of the least religious parts of the United States. In a 2009 Gallup survey, less than half of residents in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont reported religion as an important part of their daily life. [53] In a 2010 Gallup survey, less than 30% of residents in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts reported attending church weekly, giving them the lowest church attendance among U.S. states. [54]
The vast area from central Virginia to northern Maine, and from western Pennsylvania, from Pittsburgh in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast at one time or another. The U.S. Census Bureau's definition of the Northeast includes nine states: Maine, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania. [1] [c]
The region is often subdivided into New England, the six states east of New York state and the Mid-Atlantic states of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. This definition has been essentially unchanged since 1880 and is widely used as a standard for data tabulation. [56] [57] [58] [59]
The U.S. Census Bureau has acknowledged the obvious limitations of this definition and the potential merits of a proposal created after the 1950 census, [60] that would include changing regional boundaries to include Delaware, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. with the Mid-Atlantic states, but ultimately decided that "the new system did not win enough overall acceptance among data users to warrant adoption as an official new set of general-purpose State groupings. The previous development of many series of statistics, arranged and issued over long periods of time on the basis of the existing State groupings, favored the retention of the summary units of the current regions and divisions." [61] The U.S. Census Bureau confirmed in 1994 that it would continue to "review the components of the regions and divisions to ensure that they continue to represent the most useful combinations of states and state equivalents." [61]
Many organizations and reference works follow the Census Bureau's definition for the region. [62] [63] [64] In the history of the United States, the Mason–Dixon line between Pennsylvania (the North) and Maryland (the South) traditionally divided the regions, [65] but in modern times, various entities define the Northeastern United States in somewhat different ways.
The Association of American Geographers divides the Northeast into two divisions: "New England", which is the same as the Census Bureau; and it has the same "Middle States" but adds Delaware. [66] Similarly, the Geological Society of America defines the Northeast as these same states but with the addition of Maryland and the District of Columbia. [67]
The narrowest definitions include only the states of New England. [68] Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States, but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey. [69] [70]
States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities:
While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the physiographic region of the Appalachian Highlands, some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain, which extends south to the southern tip of Florida. The coastal plain areas include Cape Cod in Massachusetts, Long Island in New York, and most of New Jersey, and are generally low and flat with sandy soil and long tidal marsh waterways. [13] The highlands, including the Piedmont and the Appalachian Mountains, are heavily forested, ranging from rolling hills to summits greater than 6,000 feet (1,800 m), and pocked with many lakes. [13] The highest peak in the Northeast is Mount Washington in New Hampshire at 6,288 feet (1,917 m). [81]
As of 2012 [update] , forest-use covered approximately 60% of the Northeastern states, including Delaware, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., about twice the national average. About 11% was cropland and another 4% grassland pasture or range. There is also more urbanized land in the Northeast (12%) than any other region in the U.S. [75]
Many parks on a state and national level cover the inland parts of the region. Large parks include the Adirondack Park in northeastern New York, Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont, White Mountain Forest in northern New Hampshire, Baxter State Park in northern Maine, Acadia National Park on the eastern coast of Maine, Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania, and Catskill Park in southern New York. There are also some parks closer to the shore, though these are usually smaller and squeezed in-between urbanized areas. These include the Palisades Park in New Jersey, Fire Island in Long Island, and the Cape Cod shoreline in Massachusetts. The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges, encompassing more than 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km2) of habitat and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region. [16]
The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost state of Maine to its southernmost state in Maryland. The region's climate is influenced by its positional western to eastern flow of weather in the middle latitudes in the United States. In summer the subtropical high (Bermuda High) moves toward the East Coast, this pumps warm and sultry air toward the Northeast (less so in the far northern areas of northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine). Summers are normally warm in northern areas to hot in southern areas. Frequent (but brief) thundershowers are common on hot summer days in most southern portions of the area.
In winter, the subtropical high retreats southeastward, and the polar jet stream moves south bringing colder air masses from up in Canada and more frequent storm systems to the region. Winter often brings both rain and snow as well as surges of both warm and cold air. In the southern part of the Northeast from coastal Rhode Island southwest to eastern Maryland, the Appalachians partially protect these locations from the extreme cold coming from the west and the interior of North America. [82]
The basic climate of the Northeast can be divided into a colder and snowier interior, including western Maryland, most of Pennsylvania, most of North Jersey, Upstate New York, and most of New England, and a milder coastal plain region from Cape Cod and southern Rhode Island southward, including Long Island, Southern Connecticut, New York City, central and southern New Jersey, part of the Pennsylvania portion of the Delaware Valley including Philadelphia, Delaware, and most of Maryland. In the latter region the hardiness zone ranges from 7a to 8a. Annual mean temperatures range from the low-to-mid 50s F from Maryland to southern Connecticut, to the 40s F in most of New York State, New England, and northern Pennsylvania. [82] [83] [84]
Most of the Northeast has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb/occasional Dfc/Dc). The northernmost portion of the humid subtropical zone (Cfa/Do) begins at Martha's Vineyard and extreme SW Rhode Island and extends southwestward down the coastal plain to central and southern Maryland. The oceanic climate zone (Cfb/Do) only exists on Block Island and Nantucket. It is the only area of the Northeast where all months average between 0 and 22 °C (32 and 72 °F). Cape Cod borders this zone and warm-summer humid continental (Dfb/Dc).[ citation needed ]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 1,968,040 | — | |
1800 | 2,632,755 | 33.8% | |
1810 | 3,486,486 | 32.4% | |
1820 | 4,359,653 | 25.0% | |
1830 | 5,542,381 | 27.1% | |
1840 | 6,761,082 | 22.0% | |
1850 | 8,626,851 | 27.6% | |
1860 | 10,594,268 | 22.8% | |
1870 | 12,298,730 | 16.1% | |
1880 | 14,507,407 | 18.0% | |
1890 | 17,406,969 | 20.0% | |
1900 | 21,046,695 | 20.9% | |
1910 | 25,868,573 | 22.9% | |
1920 | 29,662,053 | 14.7% | |
1930 | 34,427,091 | 16.1% | |
1940 | 35,976,777 | 4.5% | |
1950 | 39,477,986 | 9.7% | |
1960 | 44,677,819 | 13.2% | |
1970 | 49,040,703 | 9.8% | |
1980 | 49,135,283 | 0.2% | |
1990 | 50,809,229 | 3.4% | |
2000 | 53,594,378 | 5.5% | |
2010 | 55,317,240 | 3.2% | |
2020 | 57,609,148 | 4.1% | |
2022 (est.) | 57,040,406 | [85] | −1.0% |
[86] |
As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population of the region was 57,609,148, representing 17.38% of the nation's total population. [5] With an average of 345.5 people per square mile, the Northeast is 2.5 times as densely populated as the second-most dense region, the South. Since the last century, the U.S. population has been shifting away from the Northeast and Midwest toward the South and West. [87]
The region's racial composition as of 2020 was 64.42% white, 11.51% African American, 0.51% Native American, 7.25% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 8.17% from other races, and 8.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.27% of the population. [88] There were 22,418,883 households and 14,189,719 families in 2021. Of the 22,418,883 households, 27.7% included children under the age of 18. [89]
In 2021, the region's the population's age distribution was 20.5% under age 18, 57.36% from 18 to 62, and 22.1% who were 62 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 women ages 18 and over, there were 94.3 men. [90]
The median income for a household in the region in 2021 was $77,142, and the median income for a family was $97,347. About 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. [91]
The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast, New England and the Mid-Atlantic, rank second and first respectively among the 9 divisions in population density according to the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region (233.1) was very close behind New England (233.2). Due to the faster growth of the South Atlantic region, it will take over the #2 division rank in population density in the next estimate, dropping New England to 3rd position. New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many, many years, as the only other lower-ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the East North Central division (192.1) and this region's population is projected to grow slowly. [d] [92]
State | 2020 census | 2010 census | Change | Total Area | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut | 3,605,944 | 3,574,097 | +0.89% | 4,842.35 sq mi (12,541.6 km2) | 741/sq mi (286/km2) |
Maine | 1,362,359 | 1,328,361 | +2.56% | 30,842.90 sq mi (79,882.7 km2) | 43/sq mi (17/km2) |
Massachusetts | 7,029,917 | 6,547,629 | +7.37% | 7,800.05 sq mi (20,202.0 km2) | 879/sq mi (340/km2) |
New Hampshire | 1,377,529 | 1,316,470 | +4.64% | 8,952.64 sq mi (23,187.2 km2) | 150/sq mi (58/km2) |
Rhode Island | 1,097,379 | 1,052,567 | +4.26% | 1,033.81 sq mi (2,677.6 km2) | 1,025/sq mi (396/km2) |
Vermont | 643,077 | 625,741 | +2.77% | 9,216.65 sq mi (23,871.0 km2) | 68/sq mi (26/km2) |
New England | 15,116,205 | 14,444,865 | +4.65% | 62,688.4 sq mi (162,362 km2) | 236/sq mi (91/km2) |
New Jersey | 9,288,994 | 8,791,894 | +5.65% | 7,354.21 sq mi (19,047.3 km2) | 1,225/sq mi (473/km2) |
New York | 20,201,249 | 19,378,102 | +4.25% | 47,126.36 sq mi (122,056.7 km2) | 421/sq mi (163/km2) |
Pennsylvania | 13,002,700 | 12,702,379 | +2.36% | 44,742.67 sq mi (115,883.0 km2) | 286/sq mi (111/km2) |
Middle Atlantic | 42,492,943 | 40,872,375 | +3.96% | 99,223.24 sq mi (256,987.0 km2) | 420/sq mi (162/km2) |
Total | 57,609,148 | 55,317,240 | +4.14% | 161,911.64 sq mi (419,349.2 km2) | 354/sq mi (137/km2) |
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2023) |
As of 2012 [update] , the Northeast U.S. accounts for approximately 23% of the nation's gross domestic product. [10] Due to its vast population and diverse landscapes, the Northeast has a large and robust economy, ranging from financial services in Manhattan, to agriculture in Central Pennsylvania.
As of 2021 [update] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $2.1 trillion US dollars, ranking it first in the U.S. If the New York metropolitan area were a sovereign state, it would have been the eighth-largest economy in the world. Manhattan is considered the world's financial center, with many large banks based in Manhattan and some of the largest stock exchanges on Wall Street, like the New York Stock Exchange, it is so prominent that the term "Wall Street" is usually synonymous with finance. Many other companies are based in New York City area, either in Midtown Manhattan, downtown Brooklyn, Long Island City, or the various suburbs, like Stamford or White Plains. Some of the largest companies based in New York City area include, Verizon, J.P. Morgan Chase, Citigroup, MetLife, PepsiCo, IBM, Time Warner, Goldman Sachs, and Pfizer. Several technology companies have been founded in New York, or moved their headquarters to New York from other places.
New York City is the nation's most populated city, and the New York metropolitan area including and surrounding it is the nation's most populated metropolitan region, contributing to a sizable shopping economy, including many large shopping malls and department stores based in the area, such as Macy's on 34th Street, Fifth Avenue, and American Dream in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the Palisades Center in West Nyack, New York, and the SoNo Collection in Norwalk, Connecticut. The Port of New York and New Jersey, one of the nation's largest ports, is located on New York Harbor.
As of 2021 [update] , the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a GMP of $479 billion US dollars, making it the 9th largest economy in the United States. Many large companies are based in Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city, including AmerisourceBergen, Comcast, and DuPont. The Philadelphia Mint is also located in the city.
The Boston metropolitan area is a major center for insurance, finance, and technology, serving as the global headquarters for General Electric, Liberty Mutual, and other large companies.
Rural regions and states, including most of Upstate New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, rely more on agriculture, logging, mining, and tourism to help boost their local and statewide economies. Many national and state parks in the region generate lots of tourism, especially during fall months. The logging industry is especially prominent in Maine, making up a large part of Northern Maine's economy.
Many Northeastern states have very large economies and are highly developed. As of 2022, the per capita gross domestic products for these states are:
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversees 34 nuclear reactors, eight for research or testing and 26 for power production in the Northeastern United States. [74]
The Northeast is served by Amtrak trains, with the Northeast Regional and Acela, two of the busiest intercity rail lines running from Washington D.C. in the south to Boston in the north. Other Amtrak Lines that serve the Northeast include the Downeaster, Empire Service, Vermonter, Lake Shore Limited, Pennsylvanian. Light rail, commuter rail, and other subway systems are also available in the region.
No. | Name | Metro | Rail type | City | No. of lines | Annual Ridership (Q4 2019) [94] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New York City Subway | New York | Rapid Transit | New York | 36 | 2,723,960,100 |
2 | MBTA subway | Boston | Rapid Transit/ Light Rail | Boston | 12 | 199,501,352 |
3 | Long Island Rail Road | New York | Commuter Rail | New York/Long Island | 13 | 117,773,400 |
4 | SEPTA subway | Philadelphia | Rapid Transit | Philadelphia | 3 | 90,240,800 |
5 | PATH | New York | Rapid Transit | Newark/Jersey City/New York | 4 | 90,276,600 |
6 | NJ Transit Commuter Rail | New York/Philadelphia | Commuter Rail | Hoboken/Paterson/Atlantic City | 11 | 88,319,600 |
7 | Metro North Railroad | New York | Commuter Rail | NYC/New Haven/White Plains/Stamford | 3-4 | 86,459,000 |
8 | SEPTA Trolley | Philadelphia | Light Rail | Philadelphia | 8 | 24,321,200 |
9 | SEPTA Regional Rail | Philadelphia | Commuter Rail | Philadelphia | 13 | 35,594,800 |
10 | MBTA Commuter Rail | Boston | Commuter Rail | Boston, Providence, Worcester | 14 | 32,420,400 |
11 | Pittsburgh Light Rail | Pittsburgh | Light Rail | Pittsburgh, Bethel Park | 3 | 27,975,600 |
12 | NJ Transit Tram | New York/Philadelphia | Light Rail | Trenton/Camden/Newark/Jersey City | 3 | 23,700,000 |
13 | Buffalo Metro Rail | Buffalo | Light Rail | Buffalo | 1 | 1,890,200 |
14 | Hartford Line | Hartford | Commuter Rail | New Haven, Hartford, Springfield | 1 | 750,000 [95] |
15 | Shore Line East | New Haven | Commuter Rail | New Haven, New London, Stamford | 1 | 660,500 |
The following table includes all airports categorized by the FAA as large or medium hubs [96] located in the Northeastern states. [97] [98]
National Rank | Metro area served | Airport code | Airport name | Largest airline [99] | Annual Passengers [100] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 | New York | JFK | John F. Kennedy International Airport | JetBlue (39%) | 15,273,342 |
14 | New York | EWR | Newark Liberty International Airport | United (53%) | 14,514,049 |
19 | Boston | BOS | Logan International Airport | JetBlue (30%) | 10,909,817 |
21 | Philadelphia | PHL | Philadelphia International Airport | American (44%) | 9,820,222 |
25 | New York | LGA | LaGuardia Airport | Delta (21%) | 7,827,307 |
48 | Pittsburgh | PIT | Pittsburgh International Airport | Southwest (26%) | 3,069,259 |
54 | Hartford | BDL | Bradley International Airport | American (17%) | 2,273,259 |
Many major highways cross the Northeast, connecting it to the rest of the nation.
Number | Length (mi) [101] | Length (km) | Southern or western terminus | Northern or eastern terminus | Formed | Removed | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I-70 | 2171.71 | 3,495.03 | I-15 in Cove Fort, Utah | I-695 at Woodlawn, Baltimore County, Maryland | 1956 | current | Serves Pennsylvania Associated routes: none in the Northeast | |
I-76 | 435.66 | 701.13 | I-71 in Westfield Center, Ohio | I-295 at Bellmawr, New Jersey | 1964 | current | Serves two northeastern states:Pennsylvania, New Jersey Associated routes: I-176, I-276, I-376, I-476, I-676 | |
I-78 | 146.28 | 235.41 | I-81 at Jonestown, Pennsylvania | Canal Street in New York City | 1957 | current | Serves three northeastern states: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York Associated routes: I-278, I-478, I-678, I-878 | |
I-79 | 343.46 | 552.75 | I-77 in Charleston, West Virginia | PA 5 in Erie, Pennsylvania | 1967 | current | Serves Pennsylvania Associated routes: I-279, I-579 | |
I-80 | 2899.59 | 4,666.44 | US 101 in San Francisco, California | I-95 in Teaneck, New Jersey | 1956 | current | Serves 2 northeastern states: Pennsylvania and New Jersey Associated routes: I-180, I-380, I-280 | |
I-81 | 855.02 | 1,376.02 | I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee | Canadian border at Wellesley Island, New York | 1961 | current | Serves two northeastern states: Pennsylvania, New York Associated routes:I-481 and I-781 | |
I-83 | 85.03 | 136.84 | President Street and Fayette Street in Baltimore, Maryland | I-81 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | 1959 | current | Serves Pennsylvania Associated route: I-283 | |
I-84 | 232.71 | 374.51 | I-81 in Scranton, Pennsylvania | I-90 in Sturbridge, Massachusetts | 1963 | current | Serves four states: Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts Associated routes: I-384, I-684 | |
I-86 | 223.39 | 359.51 | I-90 near North East, Pennsylvania | NY 17/NY 79 in Windsor, New York | 1999 | current | Unfinished in New York Serves two northeastern states: Pennsylvania, New York Associated routes: none | |
I-87 | 333.49 | 536.70 | I-278 in New York City | A-15 at Canadian border in Champlain, New York | 1957 | current | New York only Associated routes: I-287, I-587, I-787 | |
I-88 | 117.75 | 189.50 | I-81 in Binghamton, New York | I-90 in Schenectady, New York | 1968 | current | New York only Associated routes: none | |
I-89 | 191.12 | 307.58 | I-93/SR 3A in Bow, New Hampshire | Route 133/Future A-35 at Canadian border in Highgate, Vermont | 1960 | current | Serves two northeastern states: New Hampshire, Vermont Associated route: I-189 | |
I-90 | 3020.44 | 4,860.93 | SR 519/4th Avenue/Edgar Martinez Drive in Seattle, Washington | MA 1A in Boston, Massachusetts | 1956 | current | Serves three northeastern states: Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts Associated routes: I-190 (New York), I-290 (New York), I-390, I-490, I-590, I-690, I-790, I-890, I-990, I-190 (Massachusetts), I-290 (Massachusetts) Longest Interstate highway in the US | |
I-91 | 290.37 | 467.31 | I-95 in New Haven, Connecticut | A-55 at Canadian border in Derby Line, Vermont | 1958 | current | Serves three northeastern states: Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont Associated routes: I-291 (Connecticut), I-291 (Massachusetts) I-391, I-691 | |
I-93 | 189.95 | 305.69 | I-95/US 1 in Canton, Massachusetts | I-91 in St. Johnsbury, Vermont | 1957 | current | Serves three northeastern states: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont Associated routes: I-293, I-393 | |
I-95 | 1919.31 | 3,088.83 | US 1 in Miami, Florida | NB 95 at Canadian border in Houlton, Maine | 1957 | current | Serves eight northeastern states:Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine Associated routes: I-195, I-295, I-395, I-495, I-695, I-895 Longest primary north-south Interstate highway | |
I-99 | 98.34 | 158.26 | I-70/I-76 in Bedford, Pennsylvania | I-86/NY 17 in Painted Post, New York | 1998 | current | Unfinished in Pennsylvania Serves two northeastern states: Pennsylvania, New York Associated routes: none | |
Many other minor highways exist in the Northeast, connecting cities. Major US Routes which run through the Northeast include US 1, US 2, US 3, US 4, US 5, US 6, US 7, US 9, US 11, US 13, US 15, US 19, US 20, US 22, US 30, US 40, US 44, US 46, US 62, US 130, US 201, US 202, US 206, US 209, US 219, US 220, US 222, US 224, US 302, US 322, US 422, US 522.
The Northeast has the highest amount of tolled roads/bridges in the nation with only two states in the Northeast having no tolls, Connecticut and Vermont. Notable turnpikes include the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76/I-276/I-95), New Jersey Turnpike (partially I-95), New York Thruway (I-87/I-90), Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90), Maine Turnpike (I-95), PA Turnpike Northeast Extension (I-476). The northeast also contains many tolled and non-tolled parkways, many of which are in New York City metro. Major parkways include the Garden State Parkway, Taconic State Parkway, Hutchinson River Parkway, Saw Mill River Parkway, Lake Ontario State Parkway, Niagara Scenic Parkway, Belt Parkway, Grand Central Parkway, Northern State Parkway.
The Northeast has been a place for many firsts in transportation in the US, from the first commercial railroad in the US in Milton, Massachusetts (Granite Railway), first rapid transit system (MBTA Green Line), [103] the first limited access road was the Bronx River Parkway, opened in 1922, [104] New York is also where the first urban freeway was built in the late-1930s. [105] (FDR Drive) The northeast would also be home to some of the first major freeway revolts in Greenwich Village, [106] and would see the first major highway teardown (Miller Highway) in the 1970s. [107]
Before European settlement, most of the Northeast was loosely connected by Native American trails, some of which would be incorporated into early-European settlement roads and turnpikes. One major early road was the Boston Post Road, connecting New York City and Boston along the Connecticut and Rhode Island coasts. [108] Later these roads would be included in the King's Highway, spanning most of the east coast. Smaller turnpikes would also connect cities across the northeast. These roads would prove essential to moving goods across the English colonies in the 18th century and would later play a large part in the American Revolution. [109]
The region saw a boom in canal-building in the early-19th century, with a major canal being the Erie Canal, opened in 1825, connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and Atlantic Ocean through Western New York. [110] The first railroads would be built in the late-1820s and would explode in mileage in the mid to late 19th century. [111] Places like Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Newark, and Pittsburgh would become large water and rail hubs during the Industrial Revolution and would see tremendous booms in population and use. [112]
Many large rivers in the northeast like the Hudson and Delaware would be slowly crossed with bridges starting in the 1800s, with the first fixed crossing of the Hudson River south of Albany being the Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge, opened in 1889. [113] The Delair Bridge, which would connect Philadelphia with New Jersey was opened six years later in 1896. [114] The first crossing of the Hudson River into New York City would be the series of Hudson River PATH tunnels, being opened in 1908 and 1909. [115] The first major vehicle tunnel would be the Holland Tunnel, opened up in 1927. [116]
The start of highway construction would be the Bronx River Parkway and Long Island Motor Parkway, both of which started construction in the early-1900s. [117] The rise of Robert Moses in New York would see the construction of many major road bridges and highways crossing the city and metro area. East River Drive (eventually renamed FDR Drive), was built along the corresponding river in Manhattan. [118] The mid-20th century would see the rise of urban and suburban freeways and the decline of passenger and freight rail, with many lesser used tracks being abandoned or torn up during this time. [119] It would also see the original Pennsylvania Station demolished in Midtown Manhattan during the mid-1960s. [120] The construction of the Cross-Bronx Expressway in New York, Central Artery in Boston, and the Vine Street Expressway in Philadelphia tore up many ethnic and minority neighborhoods in the name of urban renewal. [121] [122] [123] [124] Many other highways were proposed during this era, like the Lower Manhattan Expressway and the Inner Belt in Boston, which were not built due to fierce highway revolts and rising costs. [106] [124] [125] After the major highway revolts and rise of environmental concerns, new highway and interstate projects were mostly cancelled or shortened in the Northeast by the 1990s.
Despite the lack of new major road projects in the Northeast, the region has still continued to grow in population, resulting in the rise of alternative forms of transport like HOV lanes or commuter rails. This has led to the Northeast having one of the highest transit usage percentages in North America, with the Long Island Railroad being the most used commuter rail in the continent. [126] One exception was the Big Dig, a major road project that would tear down the former elevated Central Artery (I-93) and instead tunnel it (and widen). It would also construct a new Charles River bridge and the Ted Williams Tunnel (I-90). This would end up becoming one of the costliest construction projects in the world, costing $21 billion adjusted to 2020 inflation. [127] The former highway's path would become the Rose Kennedy Greenway, a large public park. The Sheridan Expressway (former I-895) was also rebuilt into a boulevard in the late-2010s. [128] Rochester, New York has torn down the Inner Loop due to low traffic and to reunify neighborhoods in downtown and to create developable space. [129]
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One geographer, Wilbur Zelinsky, asserts that the Northeast region lacks a unified cultural identity, [12] but has served as a "culture hearth" for the rest of the nation. [130] Several much smaller geographical regions within the Northeast have distinct cultural identities. [12]
Almost half of the National Historic Landmarks maintained by the National Park Service are located in the Northeastern United States. [131]
According to a 2009 Gallup poll, the Northeastern states differ from most of the rest of the U.S. in religious affiliation, generally reflecting the descendants of immigration patterns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with many Catholics arriving from Ireland, Italy, French Canada - Quebec, Portugal and east-central Europe. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey are the only states in the nation where Catholics outnumber Protestants and other Christian denominations. More than 20% of respondents in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont declared no religious identity. [132] Compared to other U.S. regions, the Northeast, along with the Pacific Northwest, has had the lowest regular religious service attendance and the fewest people for whom religion is an important part of their daily lives as of 2015. [133]
The Northeast region is home to numerous professional sports franchises in the "Big Four" leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB), [134] with more than 100 championships collectively among them. [135]
Major League Soccer features four Northeastern teams: New England Revolution, New York City FC, New York Red Bulls and Philadelphia Union. The region also has two WNBA teams: Connecticut Sun and New York Liberty.
Notable golf tournaments in the Northeastern United States include The Northern Trust, Travelers Championship, and Atlantic City LPGA Classic. The US Open, held in New York, is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments.
Notable Northeastern motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International, Pocono Raceway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Lime Rock Park, which have hosted Formula One, IndyCar, NASCAR and International Motor Sports Association races. Also, drag strips such as Englishtown, Epping and Reading have hosted NHRA national events. Belmont Park at New York hosts the Belmont Stakes horse races, which is part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.
The region has also been noted for the prevalence of the traditionally Northeastern sports of ice hockey and lacrosse. [136]
The Northeastern United States tended to vote Republican in federal elections through the first half of the 20th century, but the region has since the 1990s shifted to become the most Democratic region in the nation, along with the West Coast. [73] Results from a 2008 Gallup poll indicated that eight of the top ten Democratic states were located in the region, with every Northeastern state having a Democratic Party affiliation advantage of at least ten points. [137] The following table demonstrates Democratic support in the Northeast as compared to the remainder of the nation. [138]
Year | % President vote | % Senate seats | % House seats | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northeast | Remainder | Northeast | Remainder | Northeast | Remainder | |
2000 | 57.6 | 47.5 | 60.0 | 46.3 | 59.6 | 45.7 |
2002 | 60.0 | 45.0 | 58.3 | 44.7 | ||
2004 | 57.1 | 47.3 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 59.5 | 43.0 |
2006 | 75.0 | 45.0 | 73.8 | 48.3 | ||
2008 | 60.7 | 52.0 | 80.0 | 52.5 | 81.0 | 52.9 |
2010 | 75.0 | 47.5 | 67.9 | 38.5 |
The following table of United States presidential election results since 1920 illustrates that over the past eight presidential elections, only three Northeastern states supported a Republican candidate. New Hampshire voted for George W. Bush in 2000; [139] Pennsylvania and Maine's 2nd congressional district voted for Donald Trump in 2016, [140] Maine's 2nd district voted for Trump again in 2020, [141] and 2024 saw Trump take back Pennsylvania and again hold on to Maine's 2nd district. 2004 is so far the only election in U.S. history in which the winner did not win any northeastern state. [142] Bolded entries indicate that party's candidate also won the general election.
State | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CT | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
ME | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D (R ME-02) | D (R ME-02) | D (R ME-02) |
MA | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
NH | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
NJ | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
NY | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
PA | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | R |
RI | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
VT | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
The following table shows the breakdown of party affiliation of governors, attorneys general, state legislative houses and U.S. congressional delegation for the Northeastern states for the upcoming term beginning in January 2025. (Demographics reflect registration-by-party figures from that state's registered voter statistics.)
State | Governor | Attorney general | Upper House majority | Lower House majority | Senior U.S. senator | Junior U.S. senator | U.S. House delegation | Demographics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CT | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 25-11 | Democratic 102-49 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 5-0 | Democratic 36-21 |
ME | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 20-15 | Democratic 76-73-2 | Republican | Independent | Democratic 2-0 | Democratic 36-30 |
MA | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 35-5 | Democratic 134-25-1 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 9-0 | Democratic 29-9 |
NH | Republican | Republican | Republican 16-8 | Republican 222-178 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 2-0 | Republican 34-29 |
NJ | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 25-15 | Democratic 52-28 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 9-3 | Democratic 38-24 |
NY | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 41-22 | Democratic 103-47 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 19-7 | Democratic 49-22 |
PA | Democratic | Republican | Republican 28-22 | Democratic 102-101 | Democratic | Republican | Republican 10-7 | Democratic 45-40 |
RI | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 34-4 | Democratic 64-10-1 | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic 2-0 | Democratic 39-14 |
VT | Republican | Democratic | Democratic 16-13-1 | Democratic 87-56-4-3 | Independent | Democratic | Democratic 1-0 | Democratic 47-31 |
Delaware is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states region of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey to its northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state's name derives from the adjacent Delaware Bay, which in turn was named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and the Colony of Virginia's first colonial-era governor.
The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and is the longest free-flowing (undammed) river in the Eastern United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock, New York, the river flows for 282 miles (454 km) along the borders of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, before emptying into Delaware Bay.
Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, running from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Miami, Florida, north to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing between Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The highway largely parallels the Atlantic coast and US 1, except for the portion between Savannah, Georgia, and Washington, D.C., and the portion between Portland and Houlton in Maine, both of which follow a more direct inland route.
The East Coast of the United States, also known as the Eastern Seaboard, the Atlantic Coast, and the Atlantic Seaboard, is the region encompassing the coastline where the Eastern United States meets the Atlantic Ocean. The Thirteen Colonies, which formed the United States in 1776 were located on this coast, and it has played an important role in the development of the United States.
Bristol is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Center City in Philadelphia opposite Burlington, New Jersey, on the Delaware River.
Morrisville is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located just below the falls of the Delaware River opposite Trenton, New Jersey. The population was 9,809 in the 2020 Census.
Portland is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The population of Portland was 494 at the 2020 census. Portland is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was thus the 68th most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
The Mid-Atlantic is a region of the United States located in the overlap between the Northeastern and Southeastern states of the United States. Its exact definition differs upon source, but the region typically includes New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, West Virginia, District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania. Some sources include New York, while others exclude Pennsylvania. When discussing climates, Connecticut is often included with the Middle Atlantic states. However, according the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the states listed above are commonly accepted as the Mid-Atlantic region. The region has its origin in the Middle Colonies of the 18th century when its states were among the Thirteen Colonies of pre-revolutionary British America. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 60,783,913, representing slightly over 18% of the nation's population.
The Delaware Valley, sometimes referred to as Greater Philadelphia, Philadelphia metropolitan area, or Philadelphia tri-state area, is a major metropolitan and tri-state region in Northeast United States that centers on Philadelphia, the 6th-most populous city in the United States, and spans part of three states: Southeastern Pennsylvania, Southern New Jersey, and Northern Delaware. With a core of metropolitan statistical area population of 6.288 million residents, while the combined statistical area population of 7.366 million, Delaware Valley is the eighth-largest metropolitan region in the United States and the 68th-largest metropolitan region in the world.
The Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA), officially the Delaware River Port Authority of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is a bi-state agency instrumentality created by a congressionally approved interstate compact between the state governments of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The authority is principally charged to maintain and develop transportation links between the two states with four bridges and a mass transit rail line across the Delaware River. Though the DRPA has "port" in its name, it does not own or operate any ports.
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It includes 17–26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.
Interstate 295 (I-295) in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania is an auxiliary Interstate Highway, designated as a bypass around Philadelphia, and a partial beltway of Trenton.
Transportation in Philadelphia involves the various modes of transport within the city and its required infrastructure. In addition to facilitating intracity travel, Philadelphia's transportation system connects Philadelphia to towns of its metropolitan area and surrounding areas within the Northeast megalopolis.
Tri-state area is an informal term in the United States which can refer to any of multiple areas that lie across three states. When referring to populated areas, the term implies a shared economy or culture among the area's residents, typically concentrated around a central metropolis.
The Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project is an ongoing road construction project to build an interchange between Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The $553 million first stage is complete: a pair of flyover ramps–one connecting I-95 northbound with the eastbound turnpike and the other connecting the westbound turnpike with I-95 southbound—that opened in 2018, with some cleanups to connecting roads completed in 2021. Construction of the remaining ramps is expected to begin when funding is available.
Interstate 95 (I-95) is a major north–south Interstate Highway that runs along the East Coast of the United States from Miami, Florida, north to the Canada–United States border at Houlton, Maine. In the state of Pennsylvania, it runs 51.00 miles (82.08 km) from the Delaware state line near Marcus Hook in Delaware County in the southeastern part of the state northeast to the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge at the New Jersey state line near Bristol in Bucks County, closely paralleling the New Jersey state line for its entire length through Pennsylvania.
Transportation in New York is made up of some of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of the State of New York and the unique issues of New York City brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young. Population expansion of the state generally followed the path of the early waterways, first the Hudson River and then the Erie Canal. Today, railroad lines and the New York State Thruway follow the same general route.
The Northeast megalopolis, also known as the Northeast Corridor, Acela Corridor, Boston–Washington corridor, BosWash, or BosNYWash, is the most populous megalopolis exclusively within the United States, with slightly over 50 million residents as of 2022. It is the world's largest megalopolis by economic output.
Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road, rail, air, and water modes. New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City, two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis, making it a regional corridor for transportation. As a result, New Jersey's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products. The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike, the nation's fifth-busiest toll road. The Garden State Parkway connects the state's densely populated north to its southern shore region. New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states, but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists.
The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau.
(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format.