Norwalk, Connecticut

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Norwalk
City
Connecticut shore aerial - Norwalk Harbor & vicinity 01 - white balanced (9607083547).jpg
Aerial view of Norwalk Harbor and vicinity
Norwalk, CT Flag.gif
Flag
NorwalkCTseal.jpg
Seal
Norwalk, Connecticut Logo.png
Logo
Etymology: Mohegan-Pequot language
Nickname: 
Oyster Town
Motto: 
Latin: E Pluribus Unum
Fairfield County Connecticut incorporated and unincorporated areas Norwalk highlighted.svg
Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk, Connecticut
Coordinates: 41°05′38″N73°25′11″W / 41.09389°N 73.41972°W / 41.09389; -73.41972
CountryUnited States
U.S. state Connecticut
County Fairfield
Region Western CT
SettledFebruary 26, 1640
Incorporated September 11, 1651
ConsolidatedJune 6, 1913
Founded by Roger Ludlow and Daniel Patrick [1]
Government
 • Type Weak mayor–council
 • Mayor Harry Rilling (D)
Area
[2]
 • Total
36.37 sq mi (94.20 km2)
 • Land22.89 sq mi (59.28 km2)
 • Water13.49 sq mi (34.93 km2)
Elevation
43 ft (13 m)
Population
 (2020) [3]
 • Total
91,184
 • Estimate 
(2024) [4]
93,567
 • Density3,983.574/sq mi (1,538.192/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern Standard Time (EST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time (EDT))
ZIP Codes
06850–06860
Area codes 203/475
FIPS code 09-55990
GNIS feature ID 0209405
Major highways I-95.svg US 7.svg Merritt Pkwy Shield.svg
Commuter Rail MTA NYC logo.svg
Website www.norwalkct.gov

Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184. [5]

Contents

Norwalk is on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound, & was first settled in 1649. Norwalk is included in the 18 towns/cities that make up the Western Connecticut Planning Region. [6]

History

Roger Ludlow purchased the areas east of the Norwalk River from Chief Mahackemo of the Norwaake (or Naramauke) Indians in 1640. [7] Norwalk was settled in 1649, incorporated September 1651, and named after the Algonquin word noyank, meaning "point of land", or more probably from the Native American name "Naramauke". [8]

The Battle of Norwalk took place during the Revolutionary War, [9] and led to the burning of most of the town. [10] In 1836, the borough of Norwalk was created, covering the central area of the town. [11] In 1853, the first ever train disaster in the United States happened over the Norwalk River. [12] During the 19th and early 20th century, Norwalk was a major railroad stop for the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad. [13] The city of South Norwalk and the remaining parts of the town of Norwalk were both combined in 1910 to form the current city. [14]

The Ku Klux Klan had a brief presence in Norwalk during the 1920s, but quickly fell apart due to internal issues. [15] In 1955, multiple hurricanes hit the city, causing flooding in Norwalk Harbor. [16] During the 1970s, efforts were taken to historically preserve South Norwalk, resulting in the creation of the Washington Street Historic District. [17]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94 km2), of which 13.5 square miles (35 km2) (37.24%) are covered by water.

Neighborhoods

Climate

Climate data for Norwalk, Connecticut
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)68
(20)		71
(22)		79
(26)		95
(35)		97
(36)		97
(36)		103
(39)		97
(36)		99
(37)		89
(32)		77
(25)		66
(19)		103
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)37
(3)		39
(4)		48
(9)		60
(16)		70
(21)		79
(26)		84
(29)		82
(28)		75
(24)		64
(18)		52
(11)		42
(6)		61
(16)
Daily mean °F (°C)28
(−2)		31
(−1)		40
(4)		50
(10)		60
(16)		69
(21)		74
(23)		72
(22)		64
(18)		53
(12)		43
(6)		34
(1)		52
(11)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)19
(−7)		21
(−6)		29
(−2)		38
(3)		44
(7)		57
(14)		62
(17)		61
(16)		53
(12)		40
(4)		33
(1)		24
(−4)		40
(5)
Record low °F (°C)−15
(−26)		−7
(−22)		−2
(−19)		17
(−8)		30
(−1)		34
(1)		45
(7)		41
(5)		31
(−1)		17
(−8)		14
(−10)		−9
(−23)		−15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm)4.2
(110)		3.15
(80)		4.33
(110)		4.37
(111)		4.36
(111)		3.94
(100)		3.83
(97)		3.89
(99)		4.54
(115)		3.89
(99)		4.04
(103)		3.96
(101)		48.5
(1,236)
Average snowfall inches (cm)9.3
(24)		8.3
(21)		4.9
(12)		.8
(2.0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		.7
(1.8)		4.6
(12)		28.6
(72.8)
Average precipitation days10.59.710.912.512.511.710.29.79.89.210.611.3128.6
Average snowy days4.84.32.5.4000000.42.715.1
Source 1: NCDC [20]
Source 2: The Weather Channel [21]

Topography

Norwalk's topography is dominated by its coastline along Long Island Sound, the Norwalk River and its eastern and western banks, and the Norwalk Islands. [22] The highest elevation is 315 feet (96 m) above sea level on the fairway of the 16th hole of the Silvermine Golf Course, [23] and the low elevation is sea level on Long Island Sound.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1790 11,942—
1800 5,146−56.9%
1810 2,983−42.0%
1820 3,0040.7%
1830 3,97232.2%
1840 3,863−2.7%
1850 4,65120.4%
1860 7,85268.8%
1870 12,11954.3%
1880 13,95615.2%
1890 17,74727.2%
1900 19,93212.3%
1910 24,21121.5%
1920 27,74314.6%
1930 36,01929.8%
1940 39,84910.6%
1950 49,46024.1%
1960 67,77537.0%
1970 79,28817.0%
1980 77,767−1.9%
1990 78,3310.7%
2000 82,9515.9%
2010 85,6033.2%
2020 91,1846.5%
1790 population included
Stamford and Greenwich.
[24]

2020 census

Norwalk, Connecticut – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [25] Pop 2010 [26] Pop 2020 [27] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)53,32447,71844,31464.28%55.74%48.60%
Black or African American alone (NH)12,23111,47211,07414.74%13.40%12.14%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)95941020.11%0.11%0.11%
Asian alone (NH)2,6724,0454,7723.22%4.73%5.23%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)2825140.03%0.03%0.02%
Some Other Race alone (NH)1372446520.17%0.29%0.72%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)1,4981,2352,6271.81%1.44%2.88%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)12,96620,77027,62915.63%24.26%30.30%
Total82,95185,60391,184100.00%100.00%100.00%

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, 85,603 people, [28] 35,415 households, [29] and 21,630 families resided in the city. [30] The population density was 2,358.2 inhabitants per square mile (910.5/km2). The 35,415 housing units had an average density of 975.6 per square mile (376.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 68.7% White, 14.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.8% Asian, 9.1% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 24.3% of the population. [31]

Of the 35,415 households, 27.9% had children under 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were not families. About 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size in the city was 2.55, and the average family size was 3.16. [32]

The age distribution was 22% under 18, with 7.3% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% were 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. [31]

The median income for a household in the city was $76,161, and for a family was $103,032. The per capita income for the city was $43,303. [33] About 5.7% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over. [34] [35]

Economy

Booking Holdings, Datto, FactSet, Pepperidge Farm, Priceline.com, Terex, Ventus, and Xerox have headquarters in Norwalk. [36] [37] The Financial Accounting Foundation and the Financial Accounting Standards Board are also based in Norwalk.

Arts and culture

Attractions

Norwalk's former city hall NorwalkCTNorwalkMuseum80122007.JPG
Norwalk's former city hall

Notable sites on the National Register of Historic Places

Government

United States Congress

SenatorsNamePartyAssumed officeLevel
 Senate Class 1 Richard Blumenthal Democratic 2011Senior Senator
 Senate Class 3 Chris Murphy Democratic 2013Junior Senator
RepresentativesNamePartyAssumed office
 District 4 Jim Himes Democratic 2009

Connecticut General Assembly

Connecticut State Senate

DistrictNamePartyAssumed office
 25 Bob Duff Democratic 2001

Connecticut House of Representatives

DistrictNamePartyAssumed office
 137 Kadeem Roberts Democratic 2023
 140 Travis Simms Democratic 2018
 141 Tracy Marra Republican 2023
 142 Lucy Dathan Democratic 2018
 143 Dominique Johnson Democratic 2023

Politics

Norwalk has voted Democratic for president since 1992, when the city voted for Bill Clinton. [43] However, between 1928 and 1992, the city only voted Democratic twice: 1936 [44] and 1964. [45]

Norwalk city vote
by party in presidential elections [43]
Year Democratic Republican Third parties
2020 67.99%29,38230.80% 13,3111.21% 521
2016 63.86%24,41432.23% 12,3243.91% 1,494
2012 63.01%22,36935.98% 12,7731.01% 357
2008 65.51%24,48933.84% 12,6510.65% 244
2004 58.15%20,61540.06% 14,2011.79% 633
2000 59.90%19,29335.76% 11,5194.34% 1,399
1996 55.52%17,35434.55% 10,8009.93% 3,105
1992 44.02%16,48839.36% 14,74316.62% 6,224
1988 43.23% 14,51855.44%18,6181.33% 445
1984 35.68% 12,50964.03%22,4470.29% 102
1980 36.40% 11,78552.40%16,96911.20% 3,627
1976 42.69% 13,72456.53%18,1760.78% 250
1972 34.17% 11,45964.10%21,4961.73% 579
1968 41.59% 13,33051.50%16,5036.91% 2,215
1964 61.90%19,62038.10% 12,0760.00% 0
1960 44.32% 13,74455.68%17,2680.00% 0
1956 28.48% 8,13471.52%20,4280.00% 0
1952 [46] 43.47% 10,280 [46] 61.52%17,031 [46] 1.34% 372 [46]
1948 [47] 37.13% 9,980 [47] 52.41%12,032 [47] 4.12% 947 [47]
1944 [48] 46.88% 9,822 [48] 53.12%11,131 [48] 0.00% 0 [48]
1940 [49] 49.29% 9,869 [49] 50.71%10,153 [49] 0.00% 0 [49]
1936 [50] 56.17%9,216 [50] 43.83% 7,191 [50] 0.00% 0 [50]
1932 [51] 46.40% 6,375 [51] 53.60%7,364 [51] 0.00% 0 [51]
1928 [52] 37.95% 4,867 [52] 61.32%7,865 [52] 0.73% 94 [52]
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 27, 2020 [53]
PartyActive votersInactive votersTotal votersPercentage
Republican 10,1615210,21317.22%
Democratic 23,14416423,30839.30%
Libertarian 1,226101,2362.08%
Unaffiliated 24,36717124,53841.38%
Totals58,89839759,295100%

Districts

Norwalk has six taxing districts. [54] The First, Second, Third, and Sixth taxing districts are political entities with their respective voters electing officers, holding annual business meetings, approving budgets, and considering other matters, as specified in each of their charters. [55] [56] Election of Taxing District Commissioners and Treasurers by voters from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th districts take place in odd-numbered years.The Fourth and Fifth districts are not counted as separate governments, as they constitute the city proper. [57] Each taxing district has its own property tax rate reflecting the mix of services each receives from the city. Secondly, municipal elections of mayor, common council, board of education, and other positions are also held in odd-numbered years at 13 polling places within five voting districts around the city. Voting districts are not the same for state and federal elections, which are held on even-numbered years at 12 polling locations. [58]

Municipal

Norwalk City Hall and Concert Hall NorwalkCTCityHallFront09032007.JPG
Norwalk City Hall and Concert Hall

Norwalk's municipal government is a weak-mayor form of a mayor-council government with the mayor of Norwalk elected by its voters. [59] The city's charter gives certain administrative powers exclusively to the council and others jointly to the Council and Mayor. The Common Council is the law-writing body of the City of Norwalk. Norwalk's common council consists of fifteen council members, five elected at-large and ten elected by district, two from each district. [60]

Representatives

Norwalk is represented in the Connecticut General Assembly by five House representatives corresponding to five Connecticut legislative districts and one senator from one Connecticut Senate district. [61] [62]

Norwalk, which lies within Connecticut's 4th congressional district, is represented in the United States Congress by one congressional representative (Democrat Jim Himes) in the United States House of Representatives, and along with the rest of Connecticut, by two U.S. Senators (Democrats Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy) in the United States Senate.

Education

Norwalk Public Schools operates public schools, while the community also has various private schools.

Norwalk was granted a town charter by the Connecticut General Court in 1651. On May 29, 1678, town records mention the establishment of community-supported teaching activities with a passage that reads: "'At a town meeting... voted and agreed to hier a scole master to teach all the children in ye town to lerne to Rede and write; and that Mr. Cornish shall be hierd for that service and the townsmen are to hier him upon as reasonable terms as they can."

The school that was established in the 1670s was located near the Ludlow Square area of East Norwalk (near the former Roger Ludlow Junior High School). [63]

Sports

Baseball and softball are popular amateur sports with active leagues across many age groups in Norwalk. Four baseball fields and 16 Little League fields are in the city. Several of the fields, including Calf Pasture Beach, are illuminated for nighttime play. The fields at the Norwalk Little League team won the Little League World Series in 1952. [64] [65] The 14-year-old Babe Ruth League team won the championship in 2008. [66] The Norwalk Biddy Basketball All-Star team Won the state and regional titles and then went on to the world championships in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1986 and placed seventh in the world.

Being a coastal city, Norwalk is home to a great many water sports, including competitive swimming, recreational boating and fishing, sailing, windsurfing, and kayaking. The Norwalk River and inner Norwalk Harbor host rowing events and organizations. [67] Norwalk resident Daniel Walsh won a bronze medal in Beijing with the U.S. Olympic rowing team in the 2008 Summer Olympics. [68]

Three golf courses are in the city of Norwalk: Shorehaven Golf Club [69] is a private club in East Norwalk, the Silvermine Golf Club [70] is a private club in Silvermine (part of the course lies in the town of Wilton), and the Oak Hills Park golf course [71] is a public course in West Norwalk.

The cross-town rivalry between the city's two largest high schools, Norwalk High School and Brien McMahon High School, is fierce, particularly for the football, basketball, soccer, and field hockey teams in the fall, as well as lacrosse, baseball, and softball teams in the spring. Brien McMahon High School's football team won the Fairfield County Interscholastic Athletic Conference and Class M State Football championship in 1994. McMahon High School's boys' lacrosse team won the state division 2 lacrosse championship in 2000.

Media

News sources in Norwalk include News 12 Connecticut, a regional news channel for southwestern Connecticut and based in Norwalk. [72] The Hour was an independent daily newspaper based in Norwalk and founded in 1871, which was purchased by Hearst Communications on April 12, 2016. [73] NancyonNorwalk.com is a self-published, nonprofit news site founded in 2010 that covers local issues. [74]

Transportation

Highways

Interstate 95 and the Merritt Parkway lead through Norwalk, with several exits within the Norwalk city limits, and are the major thoroughfare through the city. U.S. Route 1 goes through the center of the city, mostly following local streets. The major north–south corridor in Norwalk is U.S. Route 7, which is an expressway throughout most of the route in the city. The expressway section ends at Grist Mill Road in Norwalk from where Route 7 resumes northbound along Main Ave. Other state routes include Routes 53, 123, and 136.

Buses

A Wheels bus at Wheels hub NorwalkTransitGillig.jpg
A Wheels bus at Wheels hub

Public transport bus service within Norwalk is provided by Norwalk Transit District. [75] Norwalk Transit District operates fixed-route public bus service in Norwalk and Westport with evening and Sunday shuttles (serving South Norwalk, Main Avenue, and Connecticut Avenue) and commuter shuttles. Access to other cities through bus services Milford, Danbury, and Stamford. All fixed-route buses meet at the Transportation Hub. [76]

Railroad

West entrance of the South Norwalk train station SouthNorwalkRRstaWestEntrance08112007.jpg
West entrance of the South Norwalk train station

The Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line runs through and stops in Norwalk. The train goes west and east, with Grand Central Terminal and New Haven Union Station being the final stops. The Danbury Branch runs from South Norwalk to Danbury, CT. Four stations are in Norwalk, three of them on the main line which is: Rowayton, South Norwalk and East Norwalk. The fourth station, Merritt 7, is on the Danbury Branch. Metro-North provides commuter service for all four stations. [77]

The structure at 47 Wall Street was formerly the Wall Street station of the Danbury Branch, which operated from 1896 to 1936. The city's trolley system barn also operated on Wall Street. [78]

Airports

Norwalk is within reasonable distance of 11 airports - four general aviation, two regional, and five international.

General aviation airportsDistance from downtown/location
Sikorsky Memorial Airport 15 miles east in Stratford, Connecticut
Danbury Municipal Airport 18 miles north in Danbury, Connecticut
Waterbury–Oxford Airport 29 miles northeast in Oxford, Connecticut
Teterboro Airport 38 miles southwest in Teterboro, New Jersey
Regional airportsDistance from downtown/location
Westchester County Airport 16 miles west in Westchester County, New York
Tweed New Haven Airport 29 miles east in East Haven, Connecticut
International airportsDistance from downtown/location
LaGuardia Airport 34 miles southwest in Queens, New York
John F. Kennedy International Airport 38 miles southwest in Queens, NY
Stewart International Airport 45 miles northwest in Newburgh, New York
Newark Liberty International Airport 50 miles southwest in Newark, New Jersey
Bradley International Airport 68 miles northeast in Windsor Locks, Connecticut

Infrastructure

Utilities

Electric power and natural gas in most of Norwalk are provided by Eversource Energy.

The districts purchase wholesale power and arrange for its delivery to, and distribution within, their respective districts. Power lines and meters in East Norwalk, South Norwalk, and parts of Rowayton are maintained by the districts. Both the second (SNEW) and third (TTD) district electric departments belong to the six member Connecticut Municipal Electric Energy Cooperative which pools their wholesale power purchasing to obtain lower rates for their customers. [84]

Connecticut Light and Power (now Eversource Energy) operated a power plant, Norwalk Harbor Station on Manresa Island, from 1960 to 1999 when it was acquired by NRG Energy, which then began its deactivation in 2013. [85]

In 2004 the Third Taxing District installed 3 diesel powered generators at the Norden complex on Norden Place that were initially licensed only for emergency power supply. By summer 2008 the generators, with a combined capacity of 6 Megawatts, had been upgraded to allow licensed operation as regular power providers for the grid (not just emergency power). [86]

In 2007 and 2008 the construction of the Middletown-Norwalk transmission line disrupted traffic along the Boston Post Road, but the completion of the line is hoped to help provide additional power to lower Fairfield County. In addition a high-voltage undersea line runs from Manressa Island to Long Island to help provide electric power to Long Island Power Authority customers. In 2008 the city government of Norwalk started initial investigations of whether the city might resume generating power for sale to electricity customers in the city. [87]

Emergency services

Norwalk Police Department serves as the city's police department, [88] and Norwalk Fire Department serves Norwalk's fire protection district. [89] Norwalk is served 24/7 by Norwalk Hospital and Norwalk Hospital EMS, a 911 paramedic service. The service consists of hospital-based paramedics and EMT-Is who serve Norwalk as well as New Canaan, Wilton, Weston, and Westport.

Films

Full-length features and documentary films, filmed or set in Norwalk:

Television

Partially or entirely recorded in Norwalk:

Notable people

Sister cities

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The history of Norwalk, Connecticut ranges from pre-contact cultures and Native Americans to the 21st century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Bridgeport</span> Metropolitan statistical area in Connecticut, United States

Stamford-Bridgeport-Norwalk is a metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Connecticut. The area is located in Southwestern Connecticut. In its most conservative form, the area consists of the City of Bridgeport and five surrounding towns—Easton, Fairfield, Monroe, Stratford, and Trumbull. This definition of the Stamford area has a population of more than 305,000 and is within the Stamford -Bridgeport-Norwalk-Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which consists of all of Fairfield County, Connecticut. The estimated 2015 county population was 948,053. The area is numbered as part of the New York-Newark Combined Statistical Area NY-NJ-CT-PA by the United States Census Bureau.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silvermine, Connecticut</span> Unincorporated community in Connecticut, United States

Silvermine is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States that extends along the Silvermine River, across three southwestern Connecticut towns: Norwalk, New Canaan and Wilton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Norwalk</span> Neighborhood in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States

West Norwalk is a residential neighborhood in the city of Norwalk, Connecticut in the Connecticut Panhandle region of Fairfield County. It lies in the western central part of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgeport, Connecticut</span> Most populous city in Connecticut, US

Bridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut and the fifth-most populous city in New England, with a population of 148,654 in 2020. Located in eastern Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, it is a port city 60 miles (97 km) from Manhattan and 40 miles (64 km) from The Bronx. It borders the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, and Stratford to the east. Bridgeport and other towns in Fairfield County make up the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, as well as the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, the second largest metropolitan area in Connecticut. The Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolis forms part of the New York metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norwalk Public Schools</span> School district in Connecticut, United States

Norwalk Public Schools is the school district serving Norwalk, Connecticut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold Coast (Connecticut)</span> Affluent part of southwestern Connecticut, US

The Gold Coast, also known as Lower Fairfield County or Southwestern Connecticut, is an affluent part of Western Connecticut that includes the entire southern portion of Fairfield County as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, Super-Public Use Microdata Area (Super-PUMA) Region 09600. The area is about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of New York City, and is home to many wealthy Manhattan business executives. Parts of the region are served by the Western Connecticut Council of Governments.

References

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