Twenty-first census of the United States | ||
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General information | ||
Country | United States | |
Results | ||
Total population | 248,709,873 ( 9.8%) | |
Most populous | California 29,760,021 | |
Least populous | Wyoming 453,588 |
The 1990 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons enumerated during the 1980 census. [1]
Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census, which contained more than 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.
It was the first census to designate "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" as a racial group separate from Asians. The census was also the first census to be directed by a woman, Barbara Everitt Bryant.
To increase black participation in the 1990 United States census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, and Miss America Debbye Turner as spokespeople. [2] The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2062. [3]
This was the first census since 1880 in which Chicago was not the second-largest city, having been overtaken by Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, Los Angeles has remained the nation's second-largest city.
Rank | State | Population as of 1990 census | Population as of 1980 census | Change | Percent change |
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1 | California | 29,760,021 | 23,667,902 | 6,092,119 | 25.7% |
2 | New York | 17,990,455 | 17,558,072 | 432,383 | 2.5% |
3 | Texas | 16,986,510 | 14,229,191 | 2,757,319 | 19.4% |
4 | Florida | 12,937,926 | 9,746,324 | 3,191,602 | 32.7% |
5 | Pennsylvania | 11,881,643 | 11,863,895 | 17,748 | 0.2% |
6 | Illinois | 11,430,602 | 11,426,518 | 4,084 | 0.0% |
7 | Ohio | 10,847,115 | 10,797,630 | 49,485 | 0.4% |
8 | Michigan | 9,295,297 | 9,262,078 | 33,219 | 0.4% |
9 | New Jersey | 7,730,188 | 7,364,823 | 365,365 | 5.0% |
10 | North Carolina | 6,628,637 | 5,881,766 | 746,871 | 12.7% |
11 | Georgia | 6,478,216 | 5,463,105 | 1,015,111 | 18.6% |
12 | Virginia | 6,187,358 | 5,346,818 | 840,540 | 15.7% |
13 | Massachusetts | 6,016,425 | 5,737,037 | 279,388 | 4.9% |
14 | Indiana | 5,544,159 | 5,490,224 | 53,935 | 1.0% |
15 | Missouri | 5,117,073 | 4,916,686 | 200,387 | 4.1% |
16 | Wisconsin | 4,891,769 | 4,705,767 | 186,002 | 3.9% |
17 | Tennessee | 4,877,185 | 4,591,120 | 286,065 | 6.2% |
18 | Washington | 4,866,692 | 4,132,156 | 734,536 | 17.8% |
19 | Maryland | 4,781,468 | 4,216,975 | 564,493 | 13.4% |
20 | Minnesota | 4,375,099 | 4,075,970 | 299,129 | 7.3% |
21 | Louisiana | 4,219,973 | 4,205,900 | 14,073 | 0.3% |
22 | Alabama | 4,040,587 | 3,893,888 | 146,699 | 3.8% |
23 | Kentucky | 3,685,296 | 3,660,777 | 24,519 | 0.7% |
24 | Arizona | 3,665,228 | 2,718,215 | 947,013 | 34.8% |
25 | South Carolina | 3,486,703 | 3,121,820 | 364,883 | 11.7% |
26 | Colorado | 3,294,394 | 2,889,964 | 404,430 | 14.0% |
27 | Connecticut | 3,287,116 | 3,107,576 | 179,540 | 5.8% |
28 | Oklahoma | 3,145,585 | 3,025,290 | 120,295 | 4.0% |
29 | Oregon | 2,842,321 | 2,633,105 | 209,216 | 7.9% |
30 | Iowa | 2,776,755 | 2,913,808 | –137,053 | –4.7% |
31 | Mississippi | 2,573,216 | 2,520,638 | 52,578 | 2.1% |
32 | Kansas | 2,477,574 | 2,363,679 | 113,895 | 4.8% |
33 | Arkansas | 2,350,725 | 2,286,435 | 64,290 | 2.8% |
34 | West Virginia | 1,793,477 | 1,949,644 | –156,167 | –8.0% |
35 | Utah | 1,722,850 | 1,461,037 | 261,813 | 17.9% |
36 | Nebraska | 1,578,385 | 1,569,825 | 8,560 | 0.5% |
37 | New Mexico | 1,515,069 | 1,302,894 | 212,175 | 16.3% |
38 | Maine | 1,227,928 | 1,124,660 | 103,268 | 9.2% |
39 | Nevada | 1,201,833 | 800,493 | 401,340 | 50.1% |
40 | New Hampshire | 1,109,252 | 920,610 | 188,642 | 20.5% |
41 | Hawaii | 1,108,229 | 964,691 | 143,538 | 14.8% |
42 | Idaho | 1,006,749 | 943,935 | 62,814 | 6.7% |
43 | Rhode Island | 1,003,464 | 947,154 | 56,310 | 5.9% |
44 | Montana | 799,065 | 786,690 | 12,375 | 1.6% |
45 | South Dakota | 696,004 | 690,768 | 5,236 | 0.8% |
46 | Delaware | 666,168 | 594,338 | 71,830 | 12.1% |
47 | North Dakota | 638,800 | 652,717 | –13,917 | –2.1% |
— | District of Columbia | 606,900 | 638,333 | –31,433 | –4.9% |
48 | Vermont | 562,758 | 511,456 | 51,302 | 10.0% |
49 | Alaska | 550,043 | 401,851 | 148,192 | 36.8% |
50 | Wyoming | 453,588 | 469,557 | –15,969 | –3.4% |
United States | 248,709,873 | 226,545,805 | 22,164,068 | 9.8% |
The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections. Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election.
Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched. [4]
Gained seven seats | Gained four seats | Gained three seats | Gained one seat | Lost one seat | Lost two seats | Lost three seats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
California | Florida | Texas | Arizona Georgia North Carolina Virginia Washington | Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Montana New Jersey West Virginia | Illinois Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania | New York |
Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles and sometimes abbreviated as L.A. County, is the most populous county in the United States, with 9,861,224 residents estimated in 2022. Its population is greater than that of 40 individual U.S. states. Comprising 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas within a total area of 4,083 square miles (10,570 km2), it is home to more than a quarter of Californians and is one of the most ethnically diverse U.S. counties. The county's seat, Los Angeles, is the second most populous city in the United States, with 3,822,238 residents estimated in 2022. The county has been world-renowned as the domicile of the U.S. motion picture industry since the latter's inception in the early 20th century.
San Luis Obispo County, officially the County of San Luis Obispo, is a county on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 282,424. The county seat is San Luis Obispo.
The 2000 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 percent over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 census. This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States.
The 1890 United States census was taken beginning June 2, 1890. The census determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766, an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census. The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier.
The 1850 United States census was the seventh decennial United States Census Conducted by the Census Office, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876—an increase of 35.9 percent over the 17,069,453 persons enumerated during the 1840 census. The total population included 3,204,313 enslaved people.
The 1980 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11.4% over the 203,184,772 persons enumerated during the 1970 census. It was the first census in which a state—California—recorded a population of 20 million people, as well as the first in which all states recorded populations of over 400,000.
The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 in 33 states and 10 organized territories. This was an increase of 35.6 percent over the 23,191,876 persons enumerated during the 1850 census. The total population included 3,953,760 slaves.
The 1880 United States census, conducted by the Census Office during June 1880, was the tenth United States census. It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators. The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker. This was the first census in which a city—New York City—recorded a population of over one million, and the first census in which the 20 most populated cities all recorded over 100,000 residents.
The 1900 United States census, conducted by the Census Office on June 1, 1900, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21.01% from the 62,979,766 persons enumerated during the 1890 census. It was the last census to be conducted before the founding of the permanent United States Census Bureau.
The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.
The 1920 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau during one month from January 5, 1920, determined the resident population of the United States to be 106,021,537, an increase of 15.0 percent over the 92,228,496 persons enumerated during the 1910 census.
The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.
The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.
The 1950 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 151,325,798, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 131,669,275 persons enumerated during the 1940 census.
The 1960 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 179,323,175, an increase of 19 percent over the 151,325,798 persons enumerated during the 1950 census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 200,000. This census's data determined the electoral votes for the 1964 and 1968 presidential elections. This was also the last census in which New York was the most populous state.
The 1970 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 203,392,031, an increase of 13.4 percent over the 179,323,175 persons enumerated during the 1960 census.
California is the most populous US state, with an estimated population of 38.9 million as of 2023. It has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds.
Black flight is a term applied to the migration of African Americans from predominantly black or mixed inner-city areas in the United States to suburbs and newly constructed homes on the outer edges of cities. While more attention has been paid to this since the 1990s, the movement of black people to the suburbs has been underway for some time, with nine million people having migrated from 1960 to 2000. Their goals have been similar to those of the white middle class, whose out-migration was called white flight: newer housing, better schools for their children, and attractive environments. From 1990 to 2000, the percentage of African Americans who lived in the suburbs increased to a total of 39 percent, rising 5 percentage points in that decade. Most who moved to the suburbs after World War II were middle class.
Hispanic and Latino Californians are residents of the state of California who are of full or partial Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 39.4% of the state's population, making it the largest ethnicity in California.