Riverside, California

Last updated

Riverside
City
MissionInn SpanishWing.jpg
Mission Inn
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First Church of Christ
Riverside County Courthouse, 1903.jpg
Riverside County Superior Court
Old YWCA Building front faces south.JPG
Riverside Art Museum
Flag of Riverside, California (2020).svg
Flag
Seal of Riverside, California.png
Seal
Motto: 
City of Arts & Innovation
Riverside, California
Riverside, California
Riverside, California
Riverside, California
Relief map of California.png
Red pog.svg
Riverside
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Red pog.svg
Riverside
Coordinates: 33°56′53″N117°23′46″W / 33.94806°N 117.39611°W / 33.94806; -117.39611
CountryUnited States
State California
County Riverside
Incorporated October 11, 1883;141 years ago (1883-10-11) [1]
Chartered March 5, 1907;117 years ago (1907-03-05) [2]
Government
 • Type Council–manager [3]
 •  Mayor Patricia Lock Dawson (I)
 •  City manager Mike Futrell [4]
Area
[5]
 •  City
81.54 sq mi (211.18 km2)
 • Land81.23 sq mi (210.38 km2)
 • Water0.31 sq mi (0.80 km2)
Elevation
[6]
827 ft (252 m)
Population
 (2020) [7]
 •  City
314,998
 • Estimate 
(2021) [7]
317,261
 • Rank 59th in the United States
12th in California
 • Density3,877.85/sq mi (1,497.28/km2)
 •  Urban
[8]
2,276,703 (US: 19th)
 • Urban density3,741.1/sq mi (1,444.4/km2)
 •  Metro
[9]
4,599,839 (US: 13th)
Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
92501–92509, 92513–92519, 92521–92522
Area code 951
FIPS code 06-62000
GNIS feature IDs 1661315, 2410965
Website riversideca.gov

Riverside is a city in and the county seat of Riverside County, California, United States, in the Inland Empire metropolitan area. It is named for its location beside the Santa Ana River. [10] It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire and in Riverside County, and is about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Riverside is the 59th-most-populous city in the United States and the 12th-most-populous city in California. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 314,998. [7] Along with San Bernardino, Riverside is a principal city in the nation's 13th-largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA (pop. 4,599,839) ranks in population just below San Francisco (4,749,008) and above Detroit (4,392,041).

Contents

Riverside was founded in the early 1870s. It is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the nation's largest Mission Revival Style building. [11] It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery and the Eastern Division of the Federal District Court for the Central District of California.

The University of California, Riverside, is in the northeastern part of the city. The university hosts the Riverside Sports Complex. Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center, Museum of Riverside, which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history, the California Museum of Photography, the California Citrus State Historic Park, Castle Park, and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree, the last of California's two original navel orange trees. [12]

History

Statue in Downtown Riverside of famed Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza, whose expedition came through the area in 1774 DeAnza-Statue (cropped).jpg
Statue in Downtown Riverside of famed Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza, whose expedition came through the area in 1774

In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century.

In the 1860s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture. In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land and formed the Southern California Colony Association to promote the area's development. In March 1870, North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California. [13] North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from New York State, had formerly founded Northfield, Minnesota. Riverside was temperance-minded, and Republican. There were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside. [14] Investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and polo field in southern California were built in Riverside.

The first orange trees were planted in 1871, with the citrus industry Riverside is famous for beginning three years later (1874) [15] when Eliza Tibbets received three [15] Brazilian navel orange trees sent to her by a personal friend, William Saunders, a horticulturist at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The trees came from Bahia, Brazil. The Bahia orange did not thrive in Florida, but its success in southern California was phenomenal.

One of the first three navel orange trees in California, this one replanted at the Mission Inn by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1903. Photo c. 1910. The first navel orange tree in California replanted here by President Theodore Roosevelt, ca.1910 (CHS-5239).jpg
One of the first three navel orange trees in California, this one replanted at the Mission Inn by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1903. Photo c. 1910.
Riverside, 1876 Riverside-1876.jpg
Riverside, 1876
Riverside, 1910 RiversideFireDept1910.jpg
Riverside, 1910

The three trees were planted on the Tibbets' property. One of them died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted. After the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L.C. Tibbets, Eliza's husband, could provide. [16] Later, the trees were again transplanted, one at the Mission Inn property in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt (this tree died in 1922), and the other at the intersection of Magnolia and Arlington avenues. Eliza Tibbets was honored with a stone marker placed with the last tree. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection.

The trees thrived in the southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly. Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock. Within a few years, the successful cultivation of many thousands of the newly discovered Brazilian navel orange trees led to a California Gold Rush of a different kind: the establishment of the citrus industry, which is commemorated in the landscapes and exhibits of the California Citrus State Historic Park and the restored packing houses in the downtown's Marketplace district. By 1882, there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated railroad cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States (in terms of income per capita) by 1895. [17]

Geography

Riverside is the 59th-largest city in the United States, the 12th-largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km2), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of Southern California. Riverside is about a 47-mile (76 km) drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange County and Los Angeles County. [18]

Birdeye, Riverside, California.jpg
A panorama of Riverside, California, taken from the summit of Mount Rubidoux, 1908

Cityscape

Riverside Panorama.jpg
A 360-degree panorama of Riverside, California, taken from the summit of Mount Rubidoux

Landmarks

The Mission Inn MissionInnEntry.jpg
The Mission Inn

Riverside is home to the historic Mission Inn, the Beaux-Arts style Riverside County Historic Courthouse (based on the Petit Palais in Paris, France), and the Riverside Fox Theater, where the first showing of the 1939 film Gone with the Wind took place. The theater was purchased by the city and refurbished as part of the Riverside Renaissance Initiative. [19] The Fox Theater underwent extensive renovation and restoration, which was completed in 2009, to turn the old cinema into a performing arts theater. [20] The building was expanded to hold 1,600 seats and the stage was enlarged to accommodate Broadway-style performances. In January 2010, singer Sheryl Crow opened the newly remodeled Fox Theater in a nearly sold-out show. [21]

One of the remaining Queen Anne-style houses from the 19th century Victorian Historical House.jpg
One of the remaining Queen Anne-style houses from the 19th century

Riverside is the home of the "World's Largest Paper Cup" (actually made of concrete), which is over three stories (68.10 ft; 20.76 m ) tall. The "Dixie Cup" landmark is on Iowa Street just north of Palmyrita, in front of what was once the Dixie Corporation's manufacturing plant (now closed down).

Three notable hills are in Riverside's scenic landscape: Box Springs Mountain, Evans (Jurupa) Hill and Tecolote Hill; all of which are preserved open spaces. South of Riverside is Lake Mathews. There is also the well-known landmark/foothill Mount Rubidoux, which is next to the Santa Ana River and one of the most noticeable landmarks in the downtown area. This foothill is the dividing line between the town of Rubidoux and the city of Riverside.

March Joint Air Reserve Base borders Riverside on the east serving as a divider between the city and Moreno Valley. March ARB, founded in 1918, is the oldest operating Air Force base west of the Mississippi River.

At the entrance to Riverside from the 60 freeway sits Fairmount Park. This extensive urban oasis was designed by the firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted, which had designed New York's Central Park. [22] It includes a stocked pond that is home to many species of birds. On nearby private land is the former site of Spring Rancheria, a Cahuilla village.

Neighborhoods

Homes in Riverside Riversidehomes.JPG
Homes in Riverside

The city of Riverside has 28 designated "neighborhoods" within the city limits. [23] These include Airport, Alessandro Heights, Arlanza, Arlington, Arlington Heights, Arlington South, Canyon Crest, Casa Blanca, Downtown, Eastside, Grand, Hawarden Hills, Hillside Hunter Industrial Park, La Sierra, La Sierra Acres, La Sierra Hills, La Sierra South, Magnolia Center, Mission Grove, Northside, Orangecrest, Presidential Park, Ramona, Sycamore Canyon Park, Sycamore Canyon Springs, University, Victoria and Wood Streets.

East of downtown is the originally named "Eastside". which grew out of a colonia inhabited by Mexican immigrant workers in the orange groves, other orchards and produce fields. The area these people lived in was originally a settlement called La Placita that predated the city, being founded in 1843. Mexican communities were also formed in the barrio of Casa Blanca during the early 20th century.

Annexations

The city council has proposed many annexations of nearby unincorporated communities that would increase Riverside's population and land area significantly. Most notable is the Lake Hills/Victoria Grove area, which would extend the city's southwestern borders to Lake Mathews. [24]

Current proposals

City limit map which shows possible annexations Annexr.png
City limit map which shows possible annexations
  • 97 Berry Road
  • 103 Barton/Gem
  • 104 I-215 Corridor
  • 105 Sycamore/Central
  • 106 East Blaine
  • 107 Alta Cresta Remainder
  • 108 Lake Hills/Victoria Grove
  • 111 University City
  • 112 Kaliber
  • 113 Barton/Station

Potential annexations

  • A Center Street
  • B Highgrove
  • C Spring Mountain Ranch (92)
  • D Canyon Ridge
  • E Woodcrest
  • F Gateway

Features

Victoria Avenue is an important citrus-lined paseo. RiversideCA VictoriaAve.jpg
Victoria Avenue is an important citrus-lined paseo.

Riverside is home to the University of California, Riverside. The UCR Botanical Gardens contains 40 acres (16 ha) of unusual plants, with four miles (6.4 km) of walking trails. The city prides itself on its historic connection to the navel orange, which was introduced to North America from Brazil in 1874. Riverside is home to the one surviving Parent Navel Orange Tree, from which all American West Coast navel orange trees are descended.

There are three hospitals in Riverside. [25]

Riverside is also home to the Riverside Public Library system. Branches include: Arlanza, Arlington, La Sierra, Marcy, Main, Orange Terrace, Eastside Cybrary, and Casa Blanca.

Convention facilities are available at several locations. The Riverside Convention Center, remodeled in 2014, offers 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2) indoors and 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) of outdoor space. Also available is the Riverside Marriott with 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m2) indoors, and the Mission Inn with 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m2) indoors and 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) outdoors. [26] All three facilities are located within walking distance of one another in downtown Riverside. Meetings with an academic focus are also held at the University of California, Riverside.

Cemeteries

Cemeteries in Riverside include:

Climate

Riverside experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) bordering on an arid climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with hot, dry summers and mild, relatively wet winters. Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 54.8 °F (12.7 °C) in December to 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) in August. [29] On average, temperatures reach the freezing mark and 100 °F (37.8 °C) on 3.5 and 21.6 days annually, respectively. [29] Record temperatures range from 18 °F (−7.8 °C) on January 15, 1911, up to 118 °F (47.8 °C) on July 17, 1925, June 16, 1917, and July 6, 2018. [30] On average, Riverside receives 9.39 in (239 mm) of precipitation annually, with measurable precipitation occurring on 35 days, with almost all of it between November and April, with February the wettest month. [31] The wettest “rain year” was from July 1940 to June 1941 with 22.72 inches or 577.1 millimetres and the driest from July 1960 to June 1961 with only 2.79 inches or 70.9 millimetres.

Climate data for Riverside, California (Riverside Municipal Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)94
(34)		94
(34)		102
(39)		105
(41)		110
(43)		118
(48)		118
(48)		113
(45)		117
(47)		109
(43)		100
(38)		94
(34)		118
(48)
Mean maximum °F (°C)83.1
(28.4)		83.3
(28.5)		87.8
(31.0)		94.2
(34.6)		97.1
(36.2)		101.3
(38.5)		105.1
(40.6)		106.6
(41.4)		106.2
(41.2)		99.8
(37.7)		91.0
(32.8)		82.6
(28.1)		109.6
(43.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)67.7
(19.8)		67.9
(19.9)		72.1
(22.3)		75.9
(24.4)		79.9
(26.6)		86.7
(30.4)		93.3
(34.1)		94.9
(34.9)		91.3
(32.9)		82.7
(28.2)		74.5
(23.6)		66.8
(19.3)		79.5
(26.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)55.6
(13.1)		56.3
(13.5)		59.5
(15.3)		62.9
(17.2)		67.6
(19.8)		73.0
(22.8)		78.6
(25.9)		79.8
(26.6)		76.6
(24.8)		68.9
(20.5)		61.0
(16.1)		54.8
(12.7)		66.2
(19.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)43.6
(6.4)		44.7
(7.1)		46.9
(8.3)		50.0
(10.0)		55.3
(12.9)		59.3
(15.2)		63.9
(17.7)		64.7
(18.2)		61.9
(16.6)		55.2
(12.9)		47.4
(8.6)		42.8
(6.0)		53.0
(11.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C)34.0
(1.1)		36.0
(2.2)		38.8
(3.8)		42.3
(5.7)		48.3
(9.1)		53.8
(12.1)		58.6
(14.8)		59.0
(15.0)		54.5
(12.5)		46.7
(8.2)		38.0
(3.3)		33.2
(0.7)		31.5
(−0.3)
Record low °F (°C)18
(−8)		24
(−4)		25
(−4)		29
(−2)		33
(1)		35
(2)		41
(5)		40
(4)		37
(3)		30
(−1)		23
(−5)		21
(−6)		18
(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)2.29
(58)		2.41
(61)		1.21
(31)		0.57
(14)		0.20
(5.1)		0.04
(1.0)		0.12
(3.0)		0.03
(0.76)		0.11
(2.8)		0.33
(8.4)		0.57
(14)		1.51
(38)		9.39
(239)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)4.86.95.23.91.60.20.70.50.52.33.65.135.3
Source 1: NWS [32]
Source 2: NOAA [33]

Environment

The Riverside area faces issues of smog and above-average levels of air pollution. In a comparison by the National Campaign Against Dirty Air Power (2003), the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario area was found to be one of the most polluted regions based on year-round particle measurements when compared to other U.S. cities. [34] The city made efforts to reduce pollution by incorporating additional means of mass transit (Metrolink) and equipping its entire fleet of buses with natural gas. Smog decreased considerably over the next few years as local municipalities and counties worked with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to implement measures to improve regional air quality. [35] In 2020, the American Lung Association rated Riverside County one of the nation's worst counties for smog. [36] Most of Riverside's smog problems are the result of the prevailing wind patterns that blow the smog from the Los Angeles Basin and particulates generated by southern California's multitude of vehicles, and the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach into the Inland Empire.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890 4,683—
1900 7,97370.3%
1910 15,21290.8%
1920 19,34127.1%
1930 29,69653.5%
1940 34,69616.8%
1950 46,76434.8%
1960 84,33280.3%
1970 140,08966.1%
1980 170,59121.8%
1990 226,50532.8%
2000 255,16612.7%
2010 303,87119.1%
2020 314,9983.7%
U.S. Decennial Census [37]
Historical racial profile2010 [38] 2000 [39] 1990 [40] 1970 [40]
White 56.5%59.3%70.8%93.1%
—Non-Hispanic 34.0%46.6%61.3%82.1% [41]
Black or African American 7.0%7.4%7.4%5.2%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)49.0%38.1%26.0%11.4% [41]
Asian 7.4%5.7%5.2%0.7%

2020

Riverside, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [42] Pop 2010 [43] Pop 2020 [44] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)116,254103,39887,21345.56%34.03%27.69%
Black or African American alone (NH)18,05119,91718,8327.07%6.55%5.98%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)1,4151,2971,1950.55%0.43%0.38%
Asian alone (NH)14,23321,93422,4505.58%7.22%7.13%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)8481,0199510.33%0.34%0.30%
Other race alone (NH)4926171,7040.19%0.20%0.54%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)6,5586,73610,2672.57%2.22%3.26%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)97,315148,953172,38638.14%49.02%54.73%
Total255,166303,871314,998100.00%100.00%100.00%

2010

First Congregational Church of Riverside Architectural detail of the bell tower.JPG
First Congregational Church of Riverside
Map of racial distribution in Riverside, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} White Black Asian Hispanic Other Race and ethnicity 2010- Riverside (5560442038).png
Map of racial distribution in Riverside, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White⬤ Black⬤ Asian⬤ Hispanic⬤ Other

The 2010 census [45] reported that Riverside had a population of 303,871. The population density was 3,731.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,440.5/km2). The racial makeup of Riverside was

41.8% of Riverside's population was of Mexican descent, 1.1% Guatemalan, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Cuban, 0.2% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Colombian origin. [46] Non-Hispanic Whites were 34.0% of the population in 2010, [38] down from 82.1% in 1970. [40]

The Census reported that 292,322 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 8,925 (2.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 2,624 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 91,932 households, out of which 38,939 (42.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 45,398 (49.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 13,845 (15.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6,372 (6.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6,392 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 746 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 18,284 households (19.9%) were made up of individuals, and 6,262 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18. There were 65,615 families (71.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.67.

There were 81,406 people (26.8%) under the age of 18, 47,126 (15.5%) aged 18 to 24, 82,482 (27.1%) aged 25 to 44, 66,615 (21.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 26,242 (8.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

There were 98,444 housing units at an average density of 1,208.7 units per square mile (466.7 units/km2), of which 51,185 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 40,747 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%. 168,888 people (55.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 123,434 people (40.6%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Riverside had a median household income of $56,403, with 17.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line. [47]

2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 255,166 people, 82,005 households, and 58,141 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,261.5/km2 (3,267/sq mi). There were 85,974 housing units at an average density of 425.0/km2 (1,101/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 59.3% White, 7.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.68% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 21.0% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. 38.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 82,005 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city, 30.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 12.9% was from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,646, and the median income for a family was $47,254. Males had a median income of $36,920 versus $28,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,882. 15.8% of the population and 11.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.9% of those under the age of 18 and 8.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Religion

Religion in Riverside (2014) [48] [49]

   Protestantism (43%)
   Roman Catholicism (22%)
   LDS Church (3%)
   Eastern Orthodoxy (1%)
   Jehovah's Witnesses (2%)
   No religion (25%)
  Other religion (4%)
Mount Rubidoux Mount Rubidoux is a hill within the city of Riverside, California LCCN2013634917.tif
Mount Rubidoux

Riverside is largely Christian and is home to Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Protestant, and Universalist Unitarian churches, an Islamic mosque, Jewish synagogue, Hindu temple, and several Buddhist temples. Riverside is also home to the Inland Empire Atheists and Agnostics organization. [50] [51]

The city has a large population of Seventh-day Adventists, due to the presence of La Sierra University and proximity to Loma Linda near San Bernardino.

There is also a large Mormon population, as well as in the San Bernardino area, as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has missions in Riverside and Redlands near their temple.

Several religious celebrations take place on top of the city's Mount Rubidoux. One is an annual Easter Sunrise service, which is the nation's oldest continual non-denominational outdoor Easter service [52] The 100th anniversary of the event was held April 12, 2009. Each December, a 2½-mile (4 km) procession from Our Lady of Guadalupe Shrine to the top of Mount Rubidoux promotes awareness of Juan Diego's walk up Tepeyac hill, in 1531, where he reportedly saw a Marian apparition known as Our Lady of Guadalupe. [53]

In 2012, a controversy erupted regarding the cross atop Mount Rubidoux, which was on city-owned land and maintained by the city. Due to constitutional issues regarding separation of church and state, the Riverside City Council sold the cross and the land under it (0.43 acres; 1740.15 sq m) to a private entity for $10,500. [54]

Economy

Downtown Riverside Fox theater.jpg
Downtown Riverside
Riverside Convention Center Riverside Convention Center - aerial view.jpg
Riverside Convention Center

Riverside's economy consists largely of light-industry and generates a range of products including aircraft components, automotive parts, gas cylinders, electronic equipment, food products, and medical devices. Supporting the manufacturing sector are several industrial parks, including those in the Hunter Industrial Park, Sycamore Canyon Industrial Park and Airport Industrial Areas. As the county seat of Riverside County and the most populous city in the Inland Empire, Riverside also houses several legal, accounting, engineering, and banking firms. Citrus production and packing houses still exist within the city, but the industry is in decline.

American electronics company Bourns is among the companies based in Riverside.

Citrus is in decline in many areas of the Inland Empire where urbanization and water scarcity have made the industry uneconomic. [55]

Top employers

According to the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, [56] the top employers in the city are:

#Employer# of employees
1 County of Riverside 24,399
2March Air Force Reserve9,750
3 University of California, Riverside 8,831
4 Kaiser Permanente 7,610
5 Riverside Unified School District 4,505
6 Riverside Community Hospital 2,993
7City of Riverside2,457
8Riverside Community College District1,900
9 Alvord Unified School District 1,824
10 California Baptist University 1,355

Film and television

Retail

Retail shopping centers include the open-air Riverside Plaza, and the Galleria at Tyler mall. The Main Street Pedestrian Mall in downtown is the site of several unique shops. [57]

Arts and culture

Museums

Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird at the March Field Air Museum Riverside - SR-71A Blackbird at the March Field Air Museum.jpg
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird at the March Field Air Museum

Festivals and events

Several festivals occur throughout the year in Riverside, many focused on the downtown area.

Each year in February The Riverside Dickens Festival is held to "enhance a sense of community among citizens of Riverside County and Southern California by creating a series of literary events and to provide educational, family-oriented, literary entertainment and activities such as plays, musical performances, pageants, living history presentations, workshops, lectures, classroom study, exhibits and a street bazaar with free entertainment, vendors and costumed characters." [58]

The Riverside Airshow takes place in March at the Riverside Municipal Airport. The event attracts around 70,000 people and includes aerial performers, over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of aircraft displays, a car show and military vehicle display, children's activities, food and refreshments, helicopter displays and community group exhibits. [59] [60]

The March Field Airfest, also known as Thunder Over the Empire, is a biennial air show held at March Air Reserve Base. The air show is among the largest events in the Inland Empire and Riverside County. The show has featured such performers as the United States Air Force Thunderbirds, the Air Combat Command demonstrations teams and many other military and civilian demonstrations. 2010 saw the Patriots Jet Team as the highlight demonstration team of the show. Attendance for the 2010 show was estimated at over 150,000.

The Riverside International Film Festival (RIFF) takes place in April and features films from around the world. [61] Sponsored by the city of Riverside, local universities, and many businesses, past festivals have featured over 175 films.

Old Riverside Foundation, [62] a local nonprofit focused on historic preservation of the built environment, hosts an annual Vintage Home Tour in May that showcases private historic homes, open to the public for one day only.

In October, the California Riverside Ballet sponsors the Ghost Walk, which in 2013 celebrated its 22nd year. The event is a walk around some of the city's oldest and most historic buildings, with volunteers leading tours and telling ghost stories.

The Riverside Festival of Lights centers around The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, located downtown. Decoration of the Inn begins in October and a lighting ceremony that includes speakers, fireworks, and live musicians takes place the day after Thanksgiving Day. Carolers, horse-drawn carriage rides, and ice skating all color the festival. Restaurants, cafes, and community groups all contribute to the festival. The festival runs through New Year's Day. [63]

Also during the week of Thanksgiving, the Festival of Trees is held at the Riverside Convention Center. Held since 1990, the event seeks to raise money for the Riverside County Regional Medical Center children's units including the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Child Abuse and Neglect Unit, and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Attracting 25,000 people per year, the event has raised over $5 million since its inception. [64] At the Festival of Trees, many professionally decorated Christmas trees are judged, auctioned, and then displayed for public viewing.

Government

Museum of Riverside Museum of Riverside.jpg
Museum of Riverside

Local government

Riverside is a charter city governed by a mayor and city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide election. The city council has seven members, each elected from single member wards. A city manager is responsible for ongoing city services.

In Riverside's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, the city's government accounts were reported to have $244 million in revenues and $365 million in expenditures, with the deficiency made up by the issuance of long-term debt and transfers from the city-owned utilities (including electric and water). [65] The report also indicates that over the prior nine years, the number of city employees increased by 23.6% to 2,686 FTE, outpacing the 12.5% increase in the number of residents.

In 2024, Riverside residents approved Measure L, which would create a city-appointed inspector-general position that would be charged with "investigating, auditing, inspecting and providing operational performance evaluations for city offices, special districts and joint powers authorities." [66]

Federal and state representation

Under the electoral maps drawn by the Citizens' Redistricting Commission, which were first used in the 2022 elections and will remain in effect through at least 2030, Riverside's state and federal legislative districts have changed substantially.

In the California State Legislature, the City of Riverside is in the 31st Senate District , represented by Democrat Sabrina Cervantes. In the California State Assembly, it is split between the 58th Assembly District , represented by Republican Leticia Castillo, and the 63rd Assembly District , represented by Republican Bill Essayli.

In the United States House of Representatives, Riverside is in California's 39th congressional district , represented by Democrat Mark Takano. In the United States Senate, California is represented by Democrats Laphonza Butler and Alex Padilla. [67]

Courts

Crime

Riverside's crime rate has shown a drop over the past several years. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics database, from 2002 to 2014 violent crime fell to 1,384 from 2,026 events, and property crime to 9,864 from 13,135 events. [73] During this time, the population of the city rose by 21%. To help reduce gang-related crime, the city developed Project Bridge, an anti-gang program under the city of Riverside's Park and Recreation Department. Gang activity has been reported to center in the Casa Blanca, Arlanda and Eastside neighborhoods.

Of the 60 largest U.S. police departments in 2015, the Riverside Police Department was the only department whose police did not kill anyone that year. [74]

Education

Palm Elementary School Palm School.jpg
Palm Elementary School

Colleges and universities

The 161 ft (49 m), 48-bell carillon tower at the University of California, Riverside Ucr-belltower.jpg
The 161 ft (49 m), 48-bell carillon tower at the University of California, Riverside

Institutions of higher learning include:

Vocational schools

Secondary schools

Public school districts and high schools

Riverside is served by two school districts:

A portion of eastern Riverside is in Moreno Valley Unified School District. [82]

Other public secondary schools

Two notable institutions of learning, for specified student bodies, are also located in Riverside:

Private secondary schools

Initiative to raise college graduation rates

Riverside won a $3 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2010. As a result, the Completion Counts initiative was created as a joint partnership by the city of Riverside, Riverside City College, Alvord Unified School District, Riverside Unified School District, Riverside County Office of Education, UC Riverside, and the Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce to double college graduation rates by 2020. Only Riverside, New York City, San Francisco, and Mesa, Arizona received such a grant.

The partnership is creating measures that help students across Riverside earn a degree. For example, RCC will now give 2012 graduates of AUSD and RUSD priority class registration, and a two-year guarantee to complete an associate degree or transfer to a four-year university. [93] Completion Counts is also ensuring that AUSD, RUSD and RCC work together to create a seamless math and English curriculum to prepare students for college-level work. High school and college student counselors are meeting regularly to agree on the best ways to get students ready for college.

Media

Riverside is the home to the Fox Performing Arts Center. The theater is best known for being the first theater to screen the most successful film in box-office history when adjusted for inflation, the 1939 film  Gone with the Wind. [94]

Transportation

Santa Ana River Viaduct UP business train on Santa Ana River Viaduct, May 2013 (cropped).jpg
Santa Ana River Viaduct

Highways

Riverside is served by three major freeways: I-215, State Route 60, and State Route 91. These three freeways meet in northeastern Riverside at a multi-level interchange that was rebuilt in 2007. [95]

Rail lines

Southern Pacific Railroad train running through the tracks in an orange grove in Riverside, California, c. 1910 Train in citrus groves in Riverside, California (CHS-1636).jpg
Southern Pacific Railroad train running through the tracks in an orange grove in Riverside, California, c. 1910

The city contains three Metrolink commuter rail stations: Riverside-Downtown, Riverside-La Sierra, and Riverside-Hunter Park/UCR. The first two are both served by the 91/Perris Valley and Inland Empire-Orange County lines, and the Downtown station is served by the Riverside Line on weekdays, and the San Bernardino Line on weekends. The Hunter Park station is served by the 91/Perris Valley Line on weekdays only. Amtrak's Southwest Chief, which runs from Los Angeles to Chicago, also serves the city.

Bus lines

Local bus service is provided by the Riverside Transit Agency. [96] Intercity bus service is provided by Omnitrans Greyhound Lines, Amtrak California, and a handful of small operators serving the cross-border market into Mexico.

Airports

The nearest airport for commercial airline service is Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California. The Riverside Municipal Airport is an airport within Riverside city limits, but it does not have commercial airline service. It is primarily used for private aviation and is also the location for the annual Riverside Air Show.

Notable people

Sister cities

Sister city sign in front of White Park in downtown Riverside Sister City Sign for Riverside, California.jpg
Sister city sign in front of White Park in downtown Riverside

Riverside has nine sister cities , as designated by Sister Cities International :

The Sendai Committee is working on setting up a secure e-pal system whereby the residents of Sendai and Riverside can exchange emails in a fashion similar to pen pals. The aim is to promote grassroots cultural exchange between the two sister cities.

The city of Riverside established an economic partnership program with the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the early 2000s.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Los Angeles</span> Metropolitan area in California, US

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corona, California</span> City in California, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highgrove, California</span> Census-designated place in California, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubidoux, California</span> Place in California, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodcrest, California</span> Census-designated place in California, United States

Woodcrest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 14,347 at the 2010 census, up from 8,342 at the 2000 United States Census. The adjacent city of Riverside lists Woodcrest as an area for potential annexation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citrus Heights, California</span> City in California, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastvale, California</span> City in California, United States

Eastvale is a city located in northwestern Riverside County, California, in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The area transitioned from a dairy farm enclave to a developed community starting in the 1990s and was incorporated on October 1, 2010. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 69,757. The city's name is derived from "East Vale" as a listed school district in 1893 by the Riverside County Board of Commissioners. The current mayor of Eastvale is Christian Dinco.

The University of California Citrus Experiment Station is the founding unit of the University of California, Riverside campus in Riverside, California, United States. The station contributed greatly to the cultivation of the orange and the overall agriculture industry in California. Established February 14, 1907, the station celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007.

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Eliza Tibbets was among early American settlers and founders of Riverside, California; she was an activist in Washington, D.C., for progressive social causes, including freedmen's rights and universal suffrage before going to the West Coast. A spiritualist, she led seances in Riverside. She became known for successfully growing the first two hybrid Washington navel orange trees in California.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riverside County, California</span> County in California, United States

Riverside County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,418,185, making it the fourth-most populous county in California and the 10th-most populous in the United States. The name was derived from the city of Riverside, which is the county seat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurupa Valley, California</span> City in California, United States

Jurupa Valley is a city in the northwest corner of Riverside County, California, United States. It was the location of one of the earliest non-native settlements in the county, Rancho Jurupa. The Rancho was initially an outpost of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, then a Mexican land grant in 1838. The name is derived from a Native American village that existed in the area prior to the arrival of Europeans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inland Empire</span> Metropolitan area in California, United States

The Inland Empire is a metropolitan area and region inland of and adjacent to coastal Southern California, centering around the cities of San Bernardino and Riverside, and bordering Los Angeles County and Orange County to the west and San Diego County to the south. The bulk of the population is centered in the cities of northwestern Riverside County and southwestern San Bernardino County, and is sometimes considered to include the desert communities of the Coachella and Victor Valleys, respectively on the other sides of the San Gorgonio Pass and San Bernardino Mountains from the Santa Ana River watershed that forms the bulk of the Inland Empire; a much broader definition includes all of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The combined land area of the counties of the Inland Empire is larger than ten U.S. states—West Virginia, Maryland, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington navel orange tree (Riverside, California)</span> Historic landmark in California

The Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree is a tree grown by Eliza Tibbets in Riverside, California, in 1873. The Riverside County tree was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.20) on June 1, 1932, at the corner of Magnolia Street and Arlington Street, Riverside. The Bahia, Brazil, Washington navel orange was brought to the United States by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1870. The Department of Agriculture imported twelve trees; from these trees, some buds were grafted on to California sweet orange trees. The Washington Navel Orange is also called California Navel Orange.

References

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Citations and notes

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  17. ↑ H. Vincent Moses wrote in 1982 that Riverside was the wealthiest U.S. city per capita in 1895. Dr. Moses is a city historian. See "Machines in the Garden: A Citrus Monopoly in Riverside, 1900–31", published in California History, Spring 1982.
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  81. ↑ "California Researchers Find New Tool Against the Asian Citrus Psyllid". Entomology Today. October 27, 2014. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Now a research team at the University of California, Riverside has found a new tool that targets the ACP's olfactory system, and they've identified a suite of odorants (odor molecules) that the insect detects. Some of these odorants can modify the behavior of ACP and may lead to the development of tools to tackle its spread.
  82. 1 2 3 "2020 census - school district reference map: Riverside County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 2 (PDF p. 3/6). Retrieved July 10, 2021.
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  84. ↑ "History". California School for the Deaf, Riverside.
  85. ↑ "Bureau of Indian Education, National Directory" (PDF). Department of the Interior. December 2011. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2013.
  86. ↑ "Bethel Christian Schools". Bethel Christian Center. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  87. ↑ "Harvest Christian School". Harvest Christian School. January 22, 2015.
  88. ↑ "LSA High School". lsak12.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  89. ↑ "Notre Dame High School". Notre Dame High School. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  90. ↑ "Riverside Christian Schools". rivchristian.org.
  91. ↑ "Woodcrest Christian High School". Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  92. ↑ "Islamic Academy of Riverside".
  93. ↑ "Riverside: RCC trustees hear two-year guarantee plan". Press Enterprise. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  94. ↑ "Fox Performing Arts Center - World Class Venue - Riverside".
  95. ↑ "News : Press Enterprise". pe.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
  96. ↑ Riverside Transit Agency.
  97. ↑ "Riverside's Sister Cities". City of Riverside, California. 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2009.

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