Villa Park, California

Last updated

Villa Park, California
City
Flag of Villa Park, California.gif
Flag
Seal of Villa Park, California.png
Seal
Motto: 
The Hidden Jewel of Orange County [1]
Orange County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Villa Park Highlighted.svg
Location within California and Orange County
Coordinates: 33°48′58″N117°48′40″W / 33.81611°N 117.81111°W / 33.81611; -117.81111
Country Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
State Flag of California.svg  California
County Flag of Orange County, California.svg Orange
Incorporated January 11, 1962 [2]
Government
 • Type Council–manager [1]
 •  Mayor Robbie Pitts [3]
 •  Mayor Pro Tem Vincent Rossini
 •  City Council Nicol Jones
Crystal Miles
Jordan Wu
 •  City Manager Steve Franks
Area
[4]
 • Total2.08 sq mi (5.38 km2)
 • Land2.08 sq mi (5.38 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0%
Elevation
[5]
341 ft (104 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total5,843
 • Density2,809.13/sq mi (1,086.06/km2)
Time zone UTC-8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
92861
Area codes 657/714
FIPS code 06-82744
GNIS feature IDs 1661640, 2412158
Website www.villapark.org OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Villa Park is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. It was founded in 1962. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 5,812, making it the smallest city in Orange County.

Contents

The city is largely zoned for single-family residences on lots that average about 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2), or 1⁄2 acre, in size. Within the city limits there is one small shopping center. City Hall, including a community room, and a branch of the Orange County Public Libraries system is adjacent to the city's only shopping center.

History

Don Bernardo Yorba, a wealthy Californio ranchero, owned Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, which included all of modern-day Villa Park. Portrait of Don Bernardo Yorba by an unknown artist.jpg
Don Bernardo Yorba, a wealthy Californio ranchero, owned Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, which included all of modern-day Villa Park.

After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolá, a Spanish expedition led by Father Junípero Serra named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the areas first permanent European settlement in Alta California, New Spain. In 1810, the Spanish Empire granted 62,500 acres (253 km2) to Jose Antonio Yorba, which he named Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. Yorba's rancho included the lands where the cities of Olive, Orange, Villa Park, Santa Ana, Tustin, Costa Mesa and Newport Beach stand today.

After the Mexican-American War in 1848, Alta California became part of the United States in 1850 and American settlers arrived in this area.

Villa Park was known as "Mountain View" in the 1860s.[ citation needed ] The U.S. Post Office refused to allow the local post office to be so named as there was already a post office with that name in Santa Clara County, so the post office and hence the area came to be called Villa Park after a town in Illinois. It was then an agricultural area producing, in turn, grapes, walnuts, and apricots. Finally, citrus became the major crop for about 60 years.

Ranchers established the Serrano Water District in 1876, which still provides Villa Park's water, and founded the Villa Park Orchards Association (still a business in Orange, although the packing house that was a local landmark was torn down in 1983).

Geography

Villa Park is located at 33°48′58″N117°48′40″W / 33.81611°N 117.81111°W / 33.81611; -117.81111 (33.816183, −117.811106). [6] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all land.

There are no public parks within city limits; many homes have pools and/or tennis courts. Unlike more urban areas of Orange County west of the city, Villa Park has winding streets with few sidewalks and limited street lights. Throughout are trees and flower beds in planted medians and parkways. Surrounded by the city of Orange, Villa Park has the appearance of an enclave: the city's early unwillingness to annex lands beyond Santiago Creek and those east of a power line easement between the city and Anaheim Hills.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1970 2,723—
1980 7,137162.1%
1990 6,299−11.7%
2000 5,999−4.8%
2010 5,812−3.1%
2019 (est.)5,790 [7] −0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [8]

2010

The 2010 United States Census [9] reported that Villa Park had a population of 5,812. The population density was 2,796.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,079.8/km2). The racial makeup of Villa Park was 4,550 (78.3%) White (71.9% Non-Hispanic White), [10] 42 (0.7%) African American, 34 (0.6%) Native American, 854 (14.7%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 162 (2.8%) from other races, and 169 (2.9%) from two or more races. There were 598 people of Hispanic or Latino origin (10.3%).

The census reported that 5,767 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 40 (0.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,976 households, out of which 625 (31.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,525 (77.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 123 (6.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 80 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 36 (1.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 208 households (10.5%) were made up of individuals, and 144 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92. There were 1,728 families (87.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.11.

There were 1,164 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 458 people (7.9%) aged 18 to 24, 845 people (14.5%) aged 25 to 44, 1,934 people (33.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,411 people (24.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

There were 2,016 housing units at an average density of 970.1 per square mile (374.6/km2), of which 1,886 (95.4%) were owner-occupied, and 90 (4.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.2%. 5,486 people (94.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 281 people (4.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census [11] of 2000, there were 5,999 people, 1,950 households, and 1,764 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,844.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,098.4/km2). There were 2,008 housing units at an average density of 952.2 per square mile (367.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.40% White, 0.80% African American, 0.43% Native American, 12.92% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 2.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 5.90% of the population.

There were 1,950 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.5% were non-families. 7.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the city, 24.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $116,203, and the median income for a family was $124,852. Males had a median income of $78,563 versus $46,667 for females.

Government

Civic Center and Library City Hall, Civic Center, Villa Park, California.jpg
Civic Center and Library

The city is governed by five council members each elected for four-year terms. The current (2022) representatives on the City Council include Mayor Chad Zimmerman, Mayor Pro-Tem Vince Rossini and Councilmembers Robert Collacott, Crystal Miles and Robbie Pitts.

Politics

66.0% of the city's 4,533 registered voters declared their affiliation with the Republican party. 17.3% are registered Democrats, and 14.3% were unaffiliated voters. [12]

In the United States House of Representatives, Villa Park is in California's 40th congressional district , represented by Republican Young Kim. [13]

In the California State Legislature, Villa Park is in the 37th Senate District , represented by Democrat Dave Min, and in the 55th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Isaac Bryan. [14]

On the Orange County Board of Supervisors, Villa Park is in the 3rd District, represented by Donald P. Wagner.

Villa Park is one of the most consistently Republican cities in Orange County and in California as a whole. Every GOP candidate for president since the city's incorporation in 1962 has received at least 60% of the vote in the city. From 1968 to 1988, the city gave the Republican candidate over 80% of the vote in each election. Villa Park is also largely Republican in California's gubernatorial elections. In 1978, even as Orange County supported Jerry Brown in his re-election bid, Villa Park gave his opponent Evelle Younger, 57% of the vote. [15]

Villa Park city vote
by party in presidential elections
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020 [16] 37.90% 1,57360.12%2,4951.98% 82
2016 [17] 30.23% 1,09860.38%2,1939.39% 341
2012 [18] 24.71% 92873.00%2,7422.40% 90
2008 [19] 27.08% 1,02170.39%2,6532.52% 95
2004 [20] 22.11% 83075.60%2,8382.29% 86
2000 [21] 22.29% 78275.63%2,6542.08% 73
1996 [22] 19.98% 65573.00%2,3937.02% 230
1992 [23] 17.75% 64665.11%2,37017.14% 624
1988 [24] 15.25% 55783.82%3,0620.93% 34
1984 [25] 12.33% 41487.10%2,9240.57% 19
1980 [26] 9.95% 33183.32%2,7736.73% 224
1976 [27] 18.52% 55480.38%2,4051.10% 33
1972 [28] 13.46% 24581.09%1,4765.44% 99
1968 [29] 13.85% 10881.79%6384.36% 34
1964 [30] 23.86% 13176.14%418
Villa Park city vote
by party in gubernatorial elections
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2018 [31] 31.06% 1,07268.94%2,379
2014 [32] 24.68% 61975.32%1,889
2010 [33] 19.87% 65877.05%2,5523.08% 102
2006 [34] 11.05% 32383.20%2,4325.75% 95
2003 [35] 8.06% 24890.77%2,7921.17% 36
2002 [36] 16.43% 35779.02%1,7174.56% 99
1998 [37] 26.42% 75071.82%2,0391.76% 50
1994 [38] 12.56% 42884.47%2,8782.96% 101
1990 [39] 17.11% 51979.16%2,4013.73% 113
1986 [40] 12.71% 37986.22%2,5711.07% 32
1982 [41] 22.16% 68176.73%2,3581.11% 34
1978 [15] 34.06% 94757.41%1,5968.53% 237
1974 [42] 22.02% 45776.24%1,5821.73% 36
1970 [43] 15.74% 16483.11%8661.15% 12
1966 [29] 13.66% 8186.34%512
1962 [44] 17.62% 7180.40%3241.99% 8

NOTE: The totals listed for the 2003 governor's special election are the aggregate totals for all Republican candidates, all Democratic candidates, and all Independent candidates. Individually, Arnold Schwarzenegger received 2,391 votes, Cruz Bustamante received 234 votes, and Tom McClintock received 384 votes.

Villa Park city vote
by party in senate elections
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2018 [45] 54.11%1,44245.89% 1,223
2016 [46] 54.29%1,59445.71% 1,342
2012 [47] 26.97% 97973.03%2,651
2010 [48] 18.65% 61478.38%2,5812.98% 98
2006 [49] 26.41% 74069.81%1,9563.78% 106
2004 [50] 24.75% 90972.28%2,6542.97% 109

NOTE: In the 2016 and 2018 senate elections in California, both candidates on the ballot were Democrats. The bolded totals listed were those of the candidates that won Villa Park Kamala Harris in 2016, and Dianne Feinstein in 2018. The runners-up in Villa Park were shaded in blue as well, but wound up in the Republican column of this table.

Education

Villa Park School, 10551 Center Dr. Villa Park Villa Park School.jpg
Villa Park School, 10551 Center Dr. Villa Park

There are four public schools with the city that are operated by the Orange Unified School District (the city's largest employer).

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fountain Valley, California</span> City in California, United States

Fountain Valley is a suburban city in Orange County, California. The population was 57,047 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calexico, California</span> City in California, United States

Calexico is a city in southern Imperial County, California. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about 122 miles (196 km) east of San Diego and 62 miles (100 km) west of Yuma, Arizona. Calexico, along with six other incorporated Imperial County cities, forms part of the larger populated area known as the Imperial Valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avalon, California</span> City in California, United States

Avalon is the only incorporated city on Santa Catalina Island, in the California Channel Islands, and the southernmost city in Los Angeles County. The city is a resort community with the waterfront dominated by tourism-oriented businesses. The older parts of the town on the valley floor consist primarily of small houses and two and three-story buildings in various traditional architectural styles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bradbury, California</span> City in California, United States

Bradbury is a city in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains below Angeles National Forest. Bradbury is bordered by the city of Monrovia to the west and south, and Duarte to the south and east. The population was 1,048 at the 2010 census, up from 855 at the 2000 census. The city has three distinct areas—the Bradbury Estates, which is a gated community consisting of 5-acre (20,000 m2) minimum estates; Woodlyn Lane, which is also a gated community with minimum 2-acre (8,100 m2) lots; and the balance of the city, which is not gated, which has lots generally ranging in size from 7,500 square feet (700 m2) to 1-acre (4,000 m2). A significant portion of the properties in Bradbury Estates and Woodlyn Lane are zoned for horses, and several horse ranches still exist within these communities today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lomita, California</span> City in California, United States

Lomita is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 20,921 at the 2020 census, up slightly from 20,256 at the 2010 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brea, California</span> City in California, United States

Brea is a city in northern Orange County, California. The population as of the 2010 census was 39,282. It is 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Los Angeles. Brea is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buena Park, California</span> City in California, United States

Buena Park is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census its population was 84,034. It is the location of several tourist attractions, including Knott's Berry Farm. It is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Santa Ana, the county seat, and is within the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Costa Mesa, California</span> City in Orange County, California, United States

Costa Mesa is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The city is home to the two tallest skyscrapers in Orange County. The population was 111,918 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dana Point, California</span> City in California, United States

Dana Point is a city located in southern Orange County, California, United States. The population was 33,107 at the 2020 census. It has one of the few harbors along the Orange County coast, and with ready access via State Route 1, it is a popular local destination for surfing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Habra, California</span> City in California, United States

La Habra – archaic spelling of La Abra – is a city in the northwestern corner of Orange County, California, United States. In the 2010 census, the city had a population of 60,239.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange, California</span> City in California, United States

Orange is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built before 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population of Orange was 139,911 as of 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Placentia, California</span> City in California, United States

Placentia is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. Its population was 51,233 during the 2020 census, up from 46,488 in the 2000 census. This includes the community of Atwood, which is included in the city of Placentia, and is located in its southeastern quadrant. Primarily referred to as a bedroom community, Placentia is known for its quiet neighborhoods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanton, California</span> City in California, United States

Stanton is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The population was 37,962 at the 2020 United States Census. The city was incorporated in 1956 and operates under the council–manager form of government, providing a full range of municipal services. Stanton is bounded by Cypress on the west, Anaheim on the north, and east, and Garden Grove on the east and south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tustin, California</span> City in Orange County, California, US

Tustin is a city located in Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. In 2020, Tustin had a population of 80,276. The city does not include the unincorporated community of North Tustin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westminster, California</span> City in California, United States

Westminster is a city in western Orange County, California, United States. Westminster was founded in 1870 by Rev. Lemuel Webber as a Presbyterian temperance colony and was incorporated in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canyon Lake, California</span> American city in California, United States

Canyon Lake is a city and gated community in Riverside County, California, United States, located on Canyon Lake reservoir. Canyon Lake began as a master-planned community developed by the Corona Land Company in 1968. The City of Canyon Lake was incorporated on December 1, 1990. Railroad Canyon Dam was built in 1927, and impounds the San Jacinto River to fill the reservoir, which covers 383 acres (1.55 km2) and has 14.9 miles (24.0 km) of shoreline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Wells, California</span> City in California, United States

Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citrus Heights, California</span> City in California, United States

Citrus Heights is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 87,583, up from 83,301 at the 2010 U.S. Census.

California's 6th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. It is represented by Democrat Ami Bera.

California's 5th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California.

References

  1. 1 2 "The City of Villa Park invites your interest in the position of City Manager" (PDF). Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  2. ↑ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  3. ↑ "City Council". Cit of Villa Park, California. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  4. ↑ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Villa Park". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  6. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  7. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  9. ↑ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Villa Park city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Villa Park (City) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  11. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ↑ "California's 40th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC.
  14. ↑ "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  15. 1 2 Unknown (1968). "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Current Election Results | OC Vote". 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  17. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  18. ↑ "SOV.xls" (PDF). www.ocvote.com. 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  19. ↑ "SOV.xls" (PDF). www.ocvote.com. 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  20. ↑ "SOV.xls" (PDF). www.ocvote.com. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  21. ↑ "SOV.xls" (PDF). www.ocvote.com. 2000. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  22. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 1996. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 1992. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  24. ↑ Statement of the Vote. Sacramento, Calif. : The Secretary. 1968.
  25. ↑ Statement of the Vote. Sacramento, Calif. : The Secretary. 1968.
  26. ↑ Statement of the Vote. Sacramento, Calif. : The Secretary. 1968.
  27. ↑ Statement of the Vote. Sacramento, Calif. : The Secretary. 1968.
  28. ↑ "Statement of vote". Sacramento, Calif. : The Secretary. June 1, 1968 – via Internet Archive.
  29. 1 2 "California statement of vote". [Sacramento, Calif.] : Secretary of State. June 1, 1962 – via Internet Archive.
  30. ↑ "California Statement of Vote 1962-1964". 1962.
  31. ↑ [ dead link ]
  32. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  34. ↑ "gov_by_all_final.xls" (PDF). Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  35. ↑ associate-abigail-hall@archive.org. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  36. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2002. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  37. ↑ associate-abigail-hall@archive.org. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 1994. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  39. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 1990. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  40. ↑ Unknown. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  41. ↑ Unknown. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  42. ↑ Unknown. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  43. ↑ Unknown. "Statement of vote : California. Secretary of State : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive" . Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  44. ↑ "California statement of vote". [Sacramento, Calif.] : Secretary of State. June 1, 1962 – via Internet Archive.
  45. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  46. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  49. ↑ "Data" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  50. ↑ "us_senate_ssov_for_all.xls" (PDF). Retrieved June 1, 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.