Hawthorne, California

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Hawthorne, California
City
Hawthorne logo 2024 PNG.png
Motto: 
"City of Good Neighbors"
Los Angeles County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hawthorne Highlighted 0632548.svg
Location of Hawthorne in Los Angeles County, California.
U.S. - Los Angeles Metropolitan Area location map.svg
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Hawthorne
Location in the United States
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Hawthorne
Hawthorne (California)
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Hawthorne
Hawthorne (the United States)
Coordinates: 33°55′2″N118°20′55″W / 33.91722°N 118.34861°W / 33.91722; -118.34861
Country Flag of the United States.svg United States
State Flag of California.svg  California
County Los Angeles
Incorporated July 12, 1922 [1]
Named for Nathaniel Hawthorne
Government
[2] [3]
 • Type Council-Manager
 •  Mayor Alex Vargas
 • City ManagerVontray (Von) Norris
Area
[4]
 • Total
6.09 sq mi (15.78 km2)
 • Land6.08 sq mi (15.75 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.18%
Elevation
[5]
72 ft (22 m)
Population
 (2020) [6]
 • Total
88,083
 • Rank 99th in California
 • Density14,000/sq mi (5,600/km2)
Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
90250 and 90251 [7]
Area codes 310/424, [8] 213/323
FIPS code 06-32548
GNIS feature IDs 1652717, 2410720
Website cityofhawthorne.org

Hawthorne is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, located in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is part of a seventeen-city region commonly called the South Bay. As of the 2020 US census, Hawthorne had a population of 88,083. [6]

Contents

History

Hawthorne was originally part of Rancho Sausal Redondo, granted in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Avila, of the prominent Avila family of California. Antonio Ygnacio Avila (Rancho Sausal Redondo) (cropped).jpg
Hawthorne was originally part of Rancho Sausal Redondo, granted in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Ávila, of the prominent Ávila family of California.

Hawthorne was once part of the Rancho Sausal Redondo (Round Willow-grove Ranch) of the 22,458-acre (91 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California given in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Ávila by Juan Alvarado the Mexican Governments Governor of Alta California. [9] Rancho Sausal Redondo covered the area that now includes Playa Del Rey, El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Lawndale, Hermosa Beach, Inglewood, Hawthorne, and Redondo Beach. [10] [11]

Hawthorne was founded in 1905 as the "Hawthorne Improvement Company" by real estate developers B.L. Harding and H.D. Lombard. Harding's daughter shared her birthday—July 4, American Independence Day—with New England author Nathaniel Hawthorne, and a decision was made to name the small village after him. [12]

Hawthorne was once a "whites only" settlement, commonly called a sundown town. [13] During the 1930s, signs warned African-Americans to be out of Hawthorne by sundown. [14]

Geography

To the north of Hawthorne is the unincorporated community of Lennox and the city of Inglewood. To the east is the unincorporated community of Athens and the city of Gardena. To the south is the unincorporated community of El Camino Village, and the cities of Lawndale and Redondo Beach. Manhattan Beach is at the southwest corner of Hawthorne. To the west is the city of El Segundo, and the Los Angeles neighborhood of Westchester is to the northwest of Hawthorne. Hawthorne surrounds the unincorporated community of Del Aire on three sides. It also shares a small border on the northeast along Imperial Highway with the unincorporated community of Westmont.

The Century Freeway (Glenn Anderson Freeway, I-105) runs along the northern boundary of Hawthorne, with the C Line light rail line running down the center of the Century Freeway. The San Diego Freeway (I-405) runs along the western boundary of Hawthorne. Major east–west streets in Hawthorne include Rosecrans Avenue, El Segundo Boulevard, and Imperial Highway. Major north–south streets include Aviation Boulevard, Inglewood Avenue, Hawthorne Boulevard, Prairie Avenue, Crenshaw Boulevard, and Van Ness Avenue.

Hawthorne is five miles (8 km) from the Los Angeles International Airport. [15]

Hawthorne comprises ZIP codes 90250 and 90251. It is in the 310 area code, except for a small portion of northeastern Hawthorne, which is located in the 323 area code.

Climate

Hawthorne, California
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Hawthorne, like the rest of the Los Angeles basin, has a Mediterranean climate:

Hawthorne has a Mediterranean climate or dry-summer subtropical (Köppen climate classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), enjoying plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 263 sunshine days and only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually. [16]

Surrounding areas

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930 6,596—
1940 8,26325.3%
1950 16,31697.5%
1960 33,035102.5%
1970 53,30461.4%
1980 56,4375.9%
1990 71,34926.4%
2000 84,11217.9%
2010 84,2930.2%
2020 88,0834.5%
U.S. Decennial Census [17]
1860–1870 [18] [19] 1880-1890 [20]
1900 [21] 1910 [22] 1920 [23]
1930 [24] 1940 [25] 1950 [26]
1960 [27] 1970 [28] 1980 [29]
1990 [30] 2000 [31] 2010 [32]
2020 [33]

Hawthorne first appeared as a city in the 1930 U.S. Census. [24]

2020

Hawthorne, California – Racial and Ethnic Composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [34] Pop 2010 [35] Pop 2020 [33] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)10,3978,6429,14713.00%10.25%10.38%
Black or African American alone (NH)27,20822,57920,76332.35%26.79%23.57%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)1991721280.24%0.20%0.15%
Asian alone (NH)5,5675,4926,5526.62%6.52%7.44%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)6859196830.81%1.09%0.78%
Other race alone (NH)2563977730.30%0.47%0.88%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)2,0331,5202,7272.42%1.80%3.10%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)37,22744,57247,31044.26%52.88%53.71%
Total84,11284,29388,083100.00%100.00%100.00%

2010

At the 2010 census Hawthorne had a population of 84,293. The population density was 13,835.7 inhabitants per square mile (5,342.0/km2). The racial makeup of Hawthorne was 27,678 (32.8%) White (10.3% Non-Hispanic White), [6] 23,385 (27.7%) African American, 565 (0.7%) Native American, 5,642 (6.7%) Asian, 974 (1.2%) Pacific Islander, 22,127 (26.3%) from other races, and 3,922 (4.7%) from two or more races. There were 44,572 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (52.9%). [36]

The census reported that 83,754 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 208 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 331 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 28,486 households, 12,330 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,833 (38.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,369 (22.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,357 (8.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,309 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 191 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. Of the households, 7,125 (25.0%) were one person and 1,430 (5.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94. There were 19,559 families (68.7% of households); the average family size was 3.54.

The age distribution was 23,157 people (27.5%) under the age of 18, 9,487 people (11.3%) aged 18 to 24, 27,035 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 18,395 people (21.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,219 people (7.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

There were 29,869 housing units at an average density of 4,902.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 7,623 (26.8%) were owner-occupied and 20,863 (73.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 25,869 people (30.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 57,885 people (68.7%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Hawthorne had a median household income of $44,649, with 19.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line. [6]

2000

As of the census [37] of 2000, there were 84,112 people in 28,536 households, including 19,775 families, in the city. The population density was 13,879.4 inhabitants per square mile (5,358.9/km2). There were 29,629 housing units at an average density of 4,889.1 per square mile (1,887.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 29.3% White, 39.0% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 7.7% Asian, 0.9% Pacific Islander, 24.2% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. 44.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 28,536 households, 43.7% included children under the age of 18, 38.6% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. Of all households 24.5% were one person and 4.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.50.

The age distribution was 31.7% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

The median household income was $31,887 and the median family income was $35,149. Males had a median income of $29,481 versus $27,427 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,022. About 18.4% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Mexican (27.1%) and Filipino (2.6%) are the most common ancestries in the city. Mexico (45.1%) and Guatemala (9.3%) are the most common foreign places of birth in the city. [38]

Homelessness

In 2022, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority's Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count counted 173 homeless individuals in Hawthorne. [39]

Homeless population
YearPop.±%
2016 106—    
2017 95−10.4%
2018 149+56.8%
2019 108−27.5%
2020 208+92.6%
2022 173−16.8%
Source: Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count
Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority

Economy

SpaceX's former headquarters in Hawthorne before its move to SpaceX Starbase in Brownsville, Texas in 2024. Iridium-4 Mission (25557986177).jpg
SpaceX's former headquarters in Hawthorne before its move to SpaceX Starbase in Brownsville, Texas in 2024.

As of 2022 the city is known as a center for the space industry and hosts numerous space related private companies, industries and startups. [40] The relatively large number of aerospace engineers and technicians, history of established aerospace companies, and the presence of SpaceX has facilitated the development of space engineering industry cluster in the city. [40] According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, [41] the top employers in the city are:

#Employer# of Employees
1 SpaceX 6,094
2 Amazon Fulfillment Center 1,500
3 Hawthorne School District 900
4 Wiseburn Unified School District 394
5City of Hawthorne360
6 Home Depot 340
7 OSI Systems 280
8 Expeditors 260
9 Teledyne Relays 253
10 Target 250
P-61s being built by Northrop Corp. during World War II in Hawthorne P-61bs on assembly line - Northrop - 1944.jpg
P-61s being built by Northrop Corp. during World War II in Hawthorne

Besides the current top employers, the following businesses are currently located in Hawthorne:

Previously in Hawthorne:

Government

Municipal government

Hawthorne has an elected city council composed of a mayor elected every four years and four city council members elected on four year terms.

Current City Council Members [46]
OFFICEOFFICE HOLDERTERM ENDS
MayorAlex VargasDecember 2024
Mayor Pro TemAngie Reyes-EnglishDecember 2024
CouncilmemberL. David PattersonDecember 2024
CouncilmemberAlex MonteiroDecember 2026
CouncilmemberKatrina ManningDecember 2026
Elected Officials [47]
OFFICEOFFICE HOLDERTERM ENDS
City TreasurerMarie Poindexter-HornbackDecember 2026
City ClerkDayna Williams-HunterDecember 2026

According to the city's most recent[ when? ] "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report," its various funds had $126.1 million in revenues, $113.2 million in expenditures, $220.2 million in total assets, $152.7 million in total liabilities, and $29.6 million in cash and investments. [48] The city manager is Vontray Norris. [3]

State and federal representation

In the California State Legislature, Hawthorne is in the 35th Senate District , represented by Democrat Laura Richardson, and in the 62nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jose Solache. [49]

In the United States House of Representatives, Hawthorne is in California's 43rd congressional district , represented by Democrat Maxine Waters. [50]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Hawthorne is served by multiple school districts. [51] Schools that include portions of Hawthorne include: [52]

Centinela Valley Union High School District [51]
Hawthorne School District
Lawndale Elementary School District [51]
Lennox School District [51]
Wiseburn Unified School District [51]
Los Angeles Unified School District [51]

In addition Los Angeles County Office of Education operates Southwest Day (5th-12th grade).

Hawthorne Math and Science Academy is a charter high school in Hawthorne associated with the Hawthorne School District. [56]

Private schools

Colleges and universities

Los Angeles Community College District

Media

The Hawthorne Press Tribune is the community newspaper for the City of Hawthorne. [57]

Infrastructure

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood, serving Hawthorne. [58]

The United States Postal Service Hawthorne Post Office is located at 12700 Inglewood Avenue. [59]

Notable people

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rancho Sausal Redondo</span> Pre-statehood California land grant

Rancho Sausal Redondo was a 22,458-acre (91 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Los Angeles County, California given in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Ávila by Juan Alvarado Governor of Alta California. Rancho Sausal Redondo covered the area that now includes Playa Del Rey, El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Lawndale, Hermosa Beach, Inglewood, Hawthorne, and Redondo Beach.

References

  1. ↑ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on October 17, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ↑ "City Council". City of Hawthorne. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  3. 1 2 "City Manager's Office". City of Hawthorne. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  4. ↑ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Hawthorne". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Hawthorne (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  7. ↑ "USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results". Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  8. ↑ "Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  9. ↑ Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
  10. ↑ "[Diseño del Rancho Sausal Redondo : Calif.]". oac.cdlib.org.
  11. ↑ "Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County". Archived from the original on July 27, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  12. ↑ Dixon, Walt; Roberts, Jerry (2005). Hawthorne. Arcadia. p. 10. ISBN   9780738529714. Archived from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved October 17, 2020– via Google Books.
  13. ↑ Kaplan, Erin Aubry (January 24, 2007). "Sun Hasn't Set on 'Sundown Towns'". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  14. ↑ Wexler, Laura (October 23, 2005). "Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen)". The Washington Post . p. BW03. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Los Angeles, California, United States of America". Weatherbase.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Decennial Census by Decade". United States Census Bureau .
  18. ↑ "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  19. ↑ "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  20. ↑ "1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  21. ↑ "1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  22. ↑ "1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  23. ↑ "1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
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