Fairfield, Connecticut Uncoway (The Place Beyond) | |
---|---|
Motto: Qui Transtulit Sustinet | |
Coordinates: 41°10′33″N73°16′19″W / 41.17583°N 73.27194°W | |
Country | United States |
U.S. state | Connecticut |
County | Fairfield |
Region | CT Metropolitan |
Founded | 1639 |
Founded by | Roger Ludlow |
Government | |
• Type | RTM |
• First selectman | Bill Gerber (Democratic) |
• Selectwoman | Christine Vitale (D) |
• Selectwoman | Brenda Kupchick (R) |
Area | |
• Total | 31.38 sq mi (81.3 km2) |
• Land | 29.9 sq mi (77 km2) |
• Water | 1.48 sq mi (3.8 km2) |
Elevation | 59 ft (18 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 61,512 |
• Density | 2,057.3/sq mi (794.3/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
ZIP Codes | 06824, 06825, 06828 |
Area code(s) | 203/475 |
FIPS code | 09-26620 |
GNIS feature ID | 0213429 |
Major highways | |
Website | www |
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. [3] The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region.
In 1635, Puritans and Congregationalists in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, were dissatisfied with the rate of Anglican reform, and sought to establish an ecclesiastical society subject to their own rules and regulations. The Massachusetts General Court granted them permission to settle in the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford which is an area now known as Connecticut.
On January 14, 1639, a set of legal and administrative regulations called the Fundamental Orders was adopted and established Connecticut as a self-ruling entity. By 1639, these settlers had started new towns in the surrounding areas. Roger Ludlowe, framer of the Fundamental Orders, purchased the land called Unquowa (presently called Fairfield), and established the name. The name "Fairfield" is commendatory. [4]
According to historian John M. Taylor:
Early in 1639, the General Court granted a commission to Ludlowe to begin a plantation at Pequannocke. He was on that errand, with a few others from Windsor, afterwards joined by immigrants from Watertown and Concord. He stole a large tract of land from the Pequannocke sachems – afterwards greatly enlarged by other purchases to the westward – and recalling the attractive region beyond (Unquowa), which he had personally seen on the second Pequot expedition, he also "set down" there, having purchased the territory embraced in the present town of Fairfield, to which he gave its name. [5]
Fairfield was one of the two principal settlements of the Connecticut Colony in southwestern Connecticut (the other was Stratford). The town line with Stratford was set in May 1661 by John Banks, an early Fairfield settler, Richard Olmstead, and Lt. Joseph Judson, who were both appointed as a committee by the Colony of Connecticut. [6] The town line with Norwalk was not set until May 1685. [7]
Over time, it gave rise to several new towns that broke off and incorporated separately. The following is a list of towns created from parts of Fairfield.
When the American Revolutionary War began in the 1770s, Fairfielders were caught in the crisis as much as, if not more than, the rest of their neighbors in Connecticut. In a predominantly Tory section of the colony, the people of Fairfield were early supporters of the cause for independence. Throughout the war, a constant battle was being fought across the Long Island Sound as Loyalists from British-controlled Long Island raided the coast in whaleboats and privateers. Gold Selleck Silliman, whose home still stands on Jennings Road, was put in charge of the coastal defenses.
In the spring of 1779, Silliman was kidnapped from his home by Loyalist raiders in preparation for a British raid on Fairfield County. His wife, Mary Silliman watched from their home as, on the morning of July 7, 1779, approximately 2,000 British troops landed on Fairfield Beach near Pine Creek Point and invaded the town; the force proceeded to burn Fairfield due to the town's support for Patriot cause. A decade later, President George Washington noted that after traveling through Fairfield that "the destructive evidence of British cruelty are yet visible both in Norwalk and Fairfield; as there are the chimneys of many burnt houses standing in them yet". [8]
The First World War brought Fairfield out of its agrarian past by triggering an unprecedented economic boom in Bridgeport, which was the center of a large munitions industry at the time. The prosperity accompanied a temporary housing shortage in the city, and many of the workers looked to Fairfield to build their homes. The trolley and later the automobile made the countryside accessible to these newly rich members of the middle class, who brought with them new habits, new attitudes, and new modes of dress. The prosperity lasted throughout the twenties.
By the time of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the population had increased to 17,000 from the 6,000 it had been just before the war. Even during the Depression, the town kept expanding.
The grounding of a barge with two crewmen on Penfield Reef in Fairfield during a gale led to the 1st civilian helicopter hoist rescue in history, on November 29, 1945. The helicopter flew from the nearby Sikorsky Aircraft plant in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
The opening of the Connecticut Turnpike in the 1950s brought another wave of development to Fairfield, and by the 1960s the town's residential, suburban character was firmly established.
Fairfield became the home of the corporate headquarters of General Electric (GE), one of the world's largest companies, ca. 1970. On May 8, 2017, GE relocated to Boston, Massachusetts.
The town is on the shore of the Long Island Sound. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.3 square miles (81 km2), of which 30.0 square miles (78 km2) is land and 3.4 square kilometres (1.3 sq mi), or 4.15%, is water.
Rivers flowing through Fairfield include Mill River, Rooster River, Ash Creek, Sasco Brook, and Aspetuck River.
Fairfield consists of many neighborhoods. The best known are wealthy Southport, where General Electric Chief Executive Officer Jack Welch lived for many years, and Greenfield Hill, with its large green areas, famous dogwood trees, and picturesque green with its white-spired Congregational church. Other neighborhoods include Stratfield, Tunxis Hill, the University area, Grasmere, Mill Plain, Knapp's Village, Melville Village, Holland Hill, Murray, and the Fairfield Beach area, which has recently undergone a renaissance with the construction of many new homes by residents wishing to live in proximity to the beach and downtown. [9] This has resulted in steadily rising property prices.[ citation needed ] Two shopping districts in town include the Post Road (U.S. 1) and Black Rock Turnpike.
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1820 | 4,151 | — | |
1840 | 3,654 | — | |
1850 | 3,614 | −1.1% | |
1860 | 4,379 | 21.2% | |
1870 | 5,645 | 28.9% | |
1880 | 3,748 | −33.6% | |
1890 | 3,868 | 3.2% | |
1900 | 4,489 | 16.1% | |
1910 | 6,134 | 36.6% | |
1920 | 11,475 | 87.1% | |
1930 | 17,218 | 50.0% | |
1940 | 21,135 | 22.7% | |
1950 | 30,489 | 44.3% | |
1960 | 46,183 | 51.5% | |
1970 | 56,487 | 22.3% | |
1980 | 54,849 | −2.9% | |
1990 | 53,418 | −2.6% | |
2000 | 57,340 | 7.3% | |
2010 | 59,404 | 3.6% | |
2020 | 61,512 | 3.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census [10] |
As of the census [11] of 2010, there were 59,404 people in the town, organized into 20,457 households and 14,846 families. The population density was 1,927 inhabitants per square mile (744/km2). There were 21,648 housing units at an average density of 703 per square mile (271/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.6% White, 3.7% Asian, 1.8% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 5.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 20,457 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.
The median household income (in 2013 dollars) was $117,705 [12] (these figures had risen to $103,352 and $121,749 respectively as of a 2007 estimate [13] ). Males had a median income of $69,525 versus $44,837 for females. The per capita income for the city was $55,733. 2.9% of the population and 1.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties |
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 64.55%22,861 | 34.03% 12,052 | 1.42% 501 |
2016 | 57.18%18,041 | 38.39% 12,112 | 4.44% 1,400 |
2012 | 51.05%15,283 | 47.95% 14,357 | 1.00% 300 |
2008 | 56.44%17,236 | 42.80% 13,071 | 0.75% 230 |
2004 | 49.86%15,068 | 48.66% 14,706 | 1.48% 448 |
2000 | 49.62%14,210 | 45.54% 13,042 | 4.84% 1,387 |
1996 | 45.44%12,639 | 44.28% 12,314 | 10.28% 2,859 |
1992 | 37.67% 12,099 | 43.49%13,968 | 18.84% 6,053 |
1988 | 38.48% 11,336 | 60.38%17,786 | 1.14% 337 |
1984 | 30.80% 9,573 | 68.84%21,396 | 0.35% 110 |
1980 | 30.29% 9,169 | 57.50%17,406 | 12.22% 3,698 |
1976 | 39.64% 11,895 | 59.70%17,916 | 0.66% 198 |
1972 | 33.73% 10,368 | 64.63%19,866 | 1.65% 506 |
1968 | 40.23% 11,110 | 53.65%14,813 | 6.12% 1,690 |
1964 | 57.22%14,837 | 42.78% 11,095 | 0.00% 0 |
1960 | 44.30% 10,836 | 55.70%13,626 | 0.00% 0 |
1956 | 26.48% 5,522 | 73.52%15,335 | 0.00% 0 |
1952 [16] | 32.47% 6,242 [16] | 63.58%12,221 [16] | 3.95% 759 [16] |
Voter registration as of July 1, 2021 [17] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | Registered Voters | Percentage | |
Republican | 10,026 | 24.4% | |
Democratic | 13,995 | 34.1% | |
Unaffiliated | 16,374 | 39.9% | |
Minor parties | 687 | 1.7% | |
Total | 41,082 | 100% |
In May 2012, Moody's Investors Service revised the Town of Fairfield's $192 million general obligation bond debt from negative to stable. [18] In June 2012, Moody's awarded Fairfield with an AAA bond rating, which it maintains to this date.[ when? ]
In 2005, the mill rate of Fairfield was 16.67. [19] The 2012–2013 taxes in Fairfield rose 4% to a mill rate of 23.37. [20] The 2013–2014 mill rate which went into effect on July 1 for fiscal year 2013–2014 also increased by 2.38% to 23.93. [21]
Fairfield residents enjoy a wealth of recreational opportunities, many of which stem from Fairfield's enviable location on the Long Island Sound.
The town government consists of the three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Town Planning and Zoning Commission (TPZ), and many other politically appointed commissions, boards, and committees. The current First Selectman is Bill Gerber (D). [30]
As of November 27, 2023
Member | Term |
---|---|
Bill Gerber (D) | 2023-2027 |
Christine Vitale (D) | 2023-2027 |
Brenda Kupchick (R) | 2023-2027 |
Democratic Supermajority 31–9 [31]
District # | Democratic | Republican |
---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 4 |
2 | 2 | 2 |
3 | 3 | 1 |
4 | 4 | 0 |
5 | 4 | 0 |
6 | 4 | 0 |
7 | 4 | 0 |
8 | 2 | 2 |
9 | 4 | 0 |
10 | 4 | 0 |
Totals: | 31 | 9 |
Member | Term |
---|---|
Craig Curley (D) | 2021–2027 |
Lori Charlton (D) | 2019–2025 |
Christopher DeWitt (R) | 2017–2023 |
Kevin Starke (D) | 2021–2023* |
Mary LeClerc (R) | 2019–2025 |
Sheila Marmion (D) | 2021–2027 |
John Mitola (D) | 2017–2023 |
Jack Testani (R) | 2019–2025 |
James Walsh (R) | 2021–2027 |
*Special Election held in 2021 to replace the seat left vacant by Ed Bateson on 5/17/21
Democrat Controlled 5–4
Member | Term |
---|---|
Jeffery Peterson (R) | 2021–2025 |
Jennifer Jacobsen (D) | 2021–2025 |
Carol Guernsey (D) | 2021–2025 |
Nicholas Aysseh (R) | 2021–2025 |
Christine Vitale (D) | 2019–2023 |
Bonnie Rotelli (R) | 2019–2023 |
Crissy Kelly (R) | 2019–2023 |
Jessica Gerber (D) | 2019–2023 |
Jennifer Maxon-Kennelly (D) | 2019–2023 |
The town has no criminal or civil court system, and all trials are handled by the Bridgeport Superior Court system. However, the town does also offer access to a Juvenile Review Board (JRB) for certain juvenile cases outlined by the Fairfield Police Department.
Fairfield is represented in the Connecticut General Assembly by one Republican, Sen. Tony Hwang, and three Democrats, Rep. Cristin McCarthy Vahey, Rep. Jennifer Leeper, and Rep. Sarah Keitt. [31]
The Fairfield Police Department was created in 1926, approximately 287 years after the town was founded. [34]
The town of Fairfield is protected by the 95 career firefighters of the Fairfield Fire Department (FFD), and volunteer firefighters of the Southport Volunteer Fire Department and Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department. The career Fairfield Fire Department operates five fire stations, located throughout the town, and uses a fire apparatus fleet of five engine companies, one ladder company, one rescue company, three fireboats, and 1 Shift Commander's Unit, as well as many special support, and reserve units. [35] The Southport Volunteer Fire Department has served the community since 1895. [36] The Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department has several stations and has served the community since 1920. [37]
Fairfield has two public high schools, Fairfield Warde and Fairfield Ludlowe; three public middle schools, Roger Ludlowe, Tomlinson, and Fairfield Woods Middle School; and eleven public elementary schools. [38]
Fairfield has several Catholic schools, including two high schools, Fairfield Prep and Notre Dame, and two primary schools, St. Thomas Aquinas and Our Lady of the Assumption. A third Catholic primary school, Holy Family, was closed by the Diocese of Bridgeport at the end of the 2009–2010 academic year.
Non-religious private schools include Fairfield Country Day School and the Unquowa School.
Fairfield is also home to two post-secondary institutions, Fairfield University and Sacred Heart University.
Fairfield is traversed by U.S. 1, Interstate 95, and the Merritt Parkway. It has three Metro-North Railroad stations, Fairfield–Black Rock, Fairfield and Southport. The town is served by several public bus lines of the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(April 2010) |
Fairfield County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is the most populous county in the state and was also its fastest-growing from 2010 to 2020. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 957,419, representing 26.6% of Connecticut's overall population. The closest to the center of the New York metropolitan area, the county contains four of the state's top 7 largest cities—Bridgeport (1st), Stamford (2nd), Norwalk (6th), and Danbury (7th)—whose combined population of 433,368 is nearly half the county's total population.
Monroe is a town located in eastern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 18,825 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region.
Trumbull is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and borders on the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton, as well as the towns of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton and Monroe. The population was 36,827 during the 2020 census. Trumbull was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before the English settlement was made in 1639. The town was named after Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), a merchant, patriot and statesman, at its incorporation in 1797. Aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky lived in Trumbull during his active years when he designed, built, and flew fixed-wing aircraft and put the helicopter into mass production for the first time.
Roger Ludlow (1590–1664) was an English lawyer, magistrate, military officer, and colonist. He was active in the founding of the Colony of Connecticut, and helped draft laws for it and the nearby Massachusetts Bay Colony. Under his and John Mason's direction, Boston's first fortification, later known as Castle William and then Fort Independence was built on Castle Island in Boston harbor. Frequently at odds with his peers, he eventually also founded Fairfield and Norwalk before leaving New England entirely.
Southport is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Fairfield, Connecticut. It is located along Long Island Sound between Mill River and Sasco Brook, where it borders Westport. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,710. Settled in 1639, Southport center has been designated a local historic district since 1967. In 1971, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Southport Historic District.
Greenfield Hill is an affluent historic neighborhood in Fairfield, Connecticut roughly bounded by Easton to the North, southern Burr Street/northern Black Rock Turnpike to the East, and Southport and Westport to the South and West respectively. The core of the neighborhood is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as the Greenfield Hill Historic District.
Green's Farms is the oldest neighborhood in the town of Westport in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It was first listed as a census-designated place at the 2020 census.
Route 59 is a north–south state highway in Connecticut, running from Bridgeport to Monroe. Between Bridgeport and Easton, Route 59 used to be the Stratfield and Weston Turnpike, which operated from 1797 to 1886. Modern Route 59 was designated along the turnpike route in 1932 with a northward extension to the Upper Stepney section of Monroe.
Nero Hawley was an African-American soldier who was born into slavery in North Stratford, Connecticut, and later earned his freedom after enlisting in the Continental Army in place of his owner, Daniel Hawley, on April 20, 1777, during the American Revolution. His life is featured in the 1976 book From Valley Forge to Freedom, which also notes other areas of present-day Trumbull, Connecticut associated with Hawley.
The Greenfield Hill Historic District encompasses the historic village area of the village of Greenfield Hill in northern Fairfield, Connecticut. The area was important from the mid-18th to 19th centuries as an intellectual center in the town, driven in part by Timothy Dwight, the Greenfield Hill Church minister and later president of Yale College. The district features a variety of architectural styles from the 18th to mid-19th century. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
The Southport Historic District in the town of Fairfield, Connecticut is a 225-acre (91 ha) area historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It preserves a portion of the modern neighborhood and former borough of Southport, Connecticut. Since the British burnt almost all of Southport's structures in 1779, there is only one home built prior to that date, the Meeker House at 824 Harbor Road, which survives.
Fairfield, Connecticut has a total of 16 public schools. There are a total of seven private elementary schools, two private high schools, and two private universities located in Fairfield.
Trumbull, a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, in the New England region of the United States, was originally home to the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation, and was colonized by the English during the Great Migration of the 1630s as a part of the coastal settlement of Stratford.
Bridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut and the fifth-most populous city in New England, with a population of 148,654 in 2020. Located in eastern Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, it is a port city 60 miles (97 km) from Manhattan and 40 miles (64 km) from The Bronx. It borders the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, and Stratford to the east. Bridgeport and other towns in Fairfield County make up the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, as well as the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, the second largest metropolitan area in Connecticut. The Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolis forms part of the New York metropolitan area.
Albert C. Nash (1825-1890) was an American architect best known for his work in Milwaukee and Cincinnati.
Joseph Walter Northrop (1860–1940) was an American architect.
The Unity Burial Ground is a small graveyard located on the southeast end of White Plain in the Nichols section of Trumbull, Connecticut. It is located a few rods north of the site of the first meeting house that was built in the parish of Unity, off of White Plains Road. The cemetery was laid out in 1730 and the first burial was that of 7 year old Samuel Bennitt on June 21, 1731. There are over 110 gravestones, 90 unmarked field stones and 241 known grave sites, and most of the original stones face east. This is unusual, as it runs contrary to the common practice of placing stones so that they face the road. The latest known burial was for Charles E Booth Jr. on August 17, 1935.
Long Hill is a neighborhood and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Trumbull in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is located west of the Pequonnock River. The main thoroughfare is Connecticut Route 111, present-day Main Street. It was listed as a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census.
Lambert & Bunnell was a long-lived American architectural firm from Bridgeport, Connecticut, in business from 1860 to 1901. It was established by Edward R. Lambert (1834–1904) and Rufus W. Bunnell (1835–1909).
The Gold Coast, also known as Lower Fairfield County or Southwestern Connecticut, is an affluent part of Western Connecticut that includes the entire southern portion of Fairfield County as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, Super-Public Use Microdata Area (Super-PUMA) Region 09600. The area is about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of New York City, and is home to many wealthy Manhattan business executives. Parts of the region are served by the Western Connecticut Council of Governments.
{{cite book}}
: |work=
ignored (help)