New London County, Connecticut

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New London County
County of Connecticut
New London County Courthouse Connecticut Superior Court.jpg
Former New London County Courthouse
Map of Connecticut highlighting New London County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Connecticut
Connecticut in United States.svg
Connecticut's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°28′N72°06′W / 41.47°N 72.1°W / 41.47; -72.1
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut
Founded1646 by John Winthrop, Jr.
Named for London, England
Seat none (since 1960)
New London, Connecticut (before 1960)
Largest city Norwich
Area
 • Total772 sq mi (2,000 km2)
 • Land665 sq mi (1,720 km2)
 • Water107 sq mi (280 km2)  13.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total268,555 Decrease2.svg
 • Density403.8/sq mi (155.9/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district 2nd
New London County, Connecticut
Interactive map of New London County, Connecticut

New London County is in the southeastern corner of Connecticut and comprises the Norwich-New London, Connecticut Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut Combined Statistical Area. There is no county government and no county seat, as is the case with all eight of Connecticut's counties; towns are responsible for all local government activities, including fire and rescue, snow removal, and schools.

Contents

New London County contains reservations of four of the five state-recognized Indian tribes, although the Paugassett were historically located farther west. The population was 268,555 as of the 2020 census. [1]

On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes. [2]

History

Southeastern New England was dominated by the Pequot people at the time of English colonization. They spoke the Mohegan-Pequot language and were one of the Algonquian-speaking tribes in the coastal areas. After years of conflict, the Colonists and their Indian allies defeated the Pequots in the Pequot War of 1637, ending their dominance. Two descendant Pequot tribes are recognized by the state today, as are three other tribes.

New London County was one of four original counties in Connecticut that were established on May 10, 1666, by an act of the Connecticut General Court, which states:

This Court orders that from the Paukatuck River wth
Norridge to ye west bounds of Homonoscet Plantation [lower-alpha 1] shalbe
for future one County, wch County is called the County of
N: London. And it is ordered that the County Court shalbe
held at N. London the first Wednesday in June and the third
Thursday in September yearly. [3]

New London County in 1666 consisted of the towns of Stonington, Norwich, New London, and Saybrook. The "Homonoscet Plantation" was settled in March 1663, at first as Kenilworth, but was incorporated as the town of Killingworth in 1667. [4] Several new towns were incorporated and added to New London over the next few decades: Preston in 1687, Colchester in 1699, and Lebanon in 1700. The settlements along the Quinebaug Valley were placed in New London County in 1697, and incorporated as Plainfield in 1699. By 1717, more towns were established in northeastern Connecticut and added to New London County between the Quinebaug Valley and the Rhode Island border.

Windham County was constituted from Hartford and New London counties on May 12, 1726, consisting of towns in northeastern Connecticut. New London County lost the towns of Voluntown, Pomfret, Killingly, Canterbury, Plainfield, and Lebanon to the newly formed county. In 1785, Middlesex County was constituted, consisting of towns along the lower Connecticut River Valley, taking away the towns of Killingworth and Saybrook from New London County. Several additional boundary adjustments took place in the 19th century: the establishment of the town of Marlborough in 1803, the transfer of the town of Lebanon from Windham County in 1824, and the transfer of the town of Voluntown from Windham County in 1881. [5]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 772 square miles (2,000 km2), of which 665 square miles (1,720 km2) is land and 107 square miles (280 km2) (13.8%) is water. [6]

The terrain of the county is mostly level, becoming more elevated only in its northern extreme. The highest point in the county is Gates Hill in the Town of Lebanon at approximately 660 feet (200 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is sea level.

Adjacent counties

Government and municipal services

As of 1960, counties in Connecticut do not have any associated county government structure. All municipal services are provided by the towns. Regional councils of governments were established throughout the state in 1989 in order to address regional issues concerning infrastructure, land use, and economic development. Most of the towns of New London County are part of the Southeastern Connecticut Council of Governments, the exceptions being the towns of Lyme, Old Lyme, and Lebanon. Lyme and Old Lyme are part of the Connecticut River Estuary Regional Planning Agency, while Lebanon is part of the Windham Regional Council of Governments.

Judicial

The geographic area of the county is coterminous with the New London judicial district, with the superior courts located in the cities of New London and Norwich.

Law enforcement

Law enforcement within the geographic area of the county is provided by the respective town police departments. Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, and court security. These responsibilities have now been taken over by the Connecticut State Marshal System.

Fire protection

Fire protection in the county is provided by the towns. Several towns also have fire districts that provide services to a section of the town.

Water service

Water service to 12 of the 21 towns of New London County is provided by a regional non-profit public corporation known as the Southeastern Water Authority. The Southeastern Water Authority supplies water to participating towns within New London County and is one of only two such county-wide public water service providers in the state. Seven towns receive water service from one or more private corporations. The city of Norwich and most of the town of Groton provide for their own water service.

Garbage disposal

Several towns in New London County have organized the Southeastern Connecticut Regional Resources Recovery Authority. The participating towns are East Lyme, Griswold, Groton, Ledyard, Montville, New London, North Stonington, Norwich, Preston, Sprague, Stonington, and Waterford.

Education

Education in the county area is usually provided by the individual town governments. The less populated towns of Lyme and Old Lyme have joined to form a single, regional school district (Region 18).

School districts include: [7]

K-12:

Elementary only:

There is also a privately endowed publicly funded school, Norwich Free Academy.

Politics

Since 1952, New London County has voted for the presidential candidate that won Connecticut. In the last two presidential elections, Democratic strength was predominantly seen in the cities of New London and Norwich, as well as much of the county's southern and coastal areas. Conversely, Republican strength in the same elections was seen in the northern areas of the county. [8] [9] [10]

United States presidential election results for New London County, Connecticut [11]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 57,11040.91%79,45956.92%3,0352.17%
2016 54,05843.76%62,27850.42%7,1925.82%
2012 46,11940.07%67,14458.33%1,8391.60%
2008 48,49138.83%74,77659.88%1,6071.29%
2004 49,93142.19%66,06255.81%2,3672.00%
2000 41,16837.72%60,44955.38%7,5306.90%
1996 33,03932.05%54,37752.74%15,67915.21%
1992 34,56729.35%49,80842.29%33,39228.35%
1988 52,68151.22%48,88247.53%1,2881.25%
1984 63,12161.59%38,85737.91%5090.50%
1980 47,21747.96%36,62837.21%14,60314.83%
1976 47,23150.40%45,90848.98%5810.62%
1972 58,51663.40%32,93535.68%8500.92%
1968 37,11644.41%41,50749.66%4,9515.92%
1964 24,39130.88%54,55169.06%490.06%
1960 38,07048.38%40,62551.62%10.00%
1956 43,45361.40%27,31738.60%00.00%
1952 38,14854.76%31,37445.03%1480.21%
1948 27,41647.42%29,42550.90%9731.68%
1944 24,15344.94%29,30454.53%2850.53%
1940 23,38945.18%28,28654.63%980.19%
1936 21,36744.79%24,99952.41%1,3372.80%
1932 19,72149.11%19,57648.75%8582.14%
1928 21,37856.30%16,29942.93%2920.77%
1924 18,20562.34%8,61529.50%2,3818.15%
1920 17,42263.31%9,20933.46%8893.23%
1916 8,28348.51%8,32248.74%4692.75%
1912 5,54335.13%6,94244.00%3,29220.87%
1908 9,94158.70%6,54938.67%4462.63%
1904 10,38558.23%7,09339.77%3572.00%
1900 9,58257.39%6,82440.87%2901.74%
1896 8,39566.88%3,35226.70%8066.42%
1892 6,18649.32%5,90247.05%4553.63%
1888 6,08049.21%5,79046.87%4843.92%
1884 5,44246.05%5,91250.03%4643.93%

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1790 32,918—
1800 34,8886.0%
1810 34,707−0.5%
1820 35,9433.6%
1830 42,20117.4%
1840 44,4635.4%
1850 51,82116.5%
1860 61,73119.1%
1870 66,5707.8%
1880 73,1529.9%
1890 76,6344.8%
1900 82,7588.0%
1910 91,25310.3%
1920 104,61114.6%
1930 118,96613.7%
1940 125,2245.3%
1950 144,82115.6%
1960 185,74528.3%
1970 230,65424.2%
1980 238,4093.4%
1990 254,9576.9%
2000 259,0881.6%
2010 274,0555.8%
2020 268,555−2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census [12]
1790-1960 [13] 1900-1990 [14]
1990-2000 [15] 2010-2018 [16]

2000 census

As of the census [17] of 2000, there were 259,088 people, 99,835 households, and 67,188 families residing in the county. The population density was 389 people per square mile (150 people/km2). There were 110,674 housing units at an average density of 166 per square mile (64/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.00% White, 5.29% Black or African American, 0.96% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.05% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. 5.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.8% were of Irish, 12.7% Italian, 10.8% English, 7.9% German, 7.1% Polish and 6.4% French ancestry, 90.1% spoke English, 4.5% Spanish and 1.1% French as their first language.

There were 99,835 households, out of which 32.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.50% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.70% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $50,646, and the median income for a family was $59,857. Males had a median income of $41,292 versus $30,525 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,678. About 4.50% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.80% of those under age 18 and 6.60% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 274,055 people, 107,057 households, and 69,862 families residing in the county. [18] The population density was 412.2 inhabitants per square mile (159.2/km2). There were 120,994 housing units at an average density of 182.0 per square mile (70.3/km2). [19] The racial makeup of the county was 82.2% white, 5.8% black or African American, 4.2% Asian, 0.9% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 3.2% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.5% of the population. [18] In terms of ancestry, 18.9% were Irish, 15.2% were Italian, 14.8% were English, 11.6% were German, 9.6% were Polish, and 3.7% were American. [20]

Of the 107,057 households, 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 40.4 years. [18]

The median income for a household in the county was $65,419 and the median income for a family was $80,425. Males had a median income of $54,352 versus $41,721 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,888. About 5.0% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over. [21]

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. [22] [23]

RankTownPer capita
income		Median
household
income		Median
family
income		PopulationNumber of
households
1 Lyme Town$64,506$88,500$98,5002,4061,033
2 Stonington Borough$64,224$74,583$96,667929531
3 Old Lyme Town$52,037$92,024$107,1747,6033,172
4 Stonington Town$42,184$72,445$86,02918,5458,115
5 Salem Town$41,414$95,000$106,8754,1511,525
6 North Stonington Town$39,588$88,869$96,1255,2972,052
7 Bozrah Town$38,339$75,000$99,6252,6271,007
8 Waterford Town$37,690$69,810$91,89319,5178,005
9 Ledyard Town$37,663$85,321$97,15215,0515,634
10 East Lyme Town$37,019$79,815$102,86419,1597,192
11 Colchester Town$35,479$92,431$101,86016,0685,915
12 Lebanon Town$34,608$72,431$80,5667,3082,644
13 Lisbon Town$33,685$77,872$86,4694,3381,659
14 Preston Town$32,956$77,377$86,4354,7261,869
15 Voluntown Town$32,760$73,980$76,1972,6031,002
16 Franklin Town$31,518$74,226$87,2371,922729
17 Sprague Town$31,226$68,241$78,4382,9841,135
18 Groton Town$31,110$56,904$67,46540,11515,809
19 Griswold Town$29,421$59,295$75,87011,9514,646
20 Groton City$28,872$49,464$52,36610,3894,182
21 Montville Town$28,492$65,349$80,15619,5716,942
22 Norwich City$26,702$52,186$62,61640,49316,599
23 Jewett City Borough$23,876$39,334$55,7813,4871,466
24 New London City$21,110$43,551$49,81127,62010,373

Race

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races." [24]

RankTownPopulationWhiteBlackAsianAmerican
Indian		OtherHispanic
1 Groton Town40,19083.9%9.1%6.1%2.4%4.8%9.4%
2 Norwich City40,08579.4%14.5%8.3%2.2%5.6%10.0%
3 New London City27,55064.5%20.4%5.0%2.5%13.5%27.7%
4 Montville Town19,50582.8%6.2%7.1%4.0%3.8%6.8%
5 Waterford Town19,45192.9%3.7%3.5%0.4%1.7%4.1%
6 East Lyme Town19,08085.9%5.8%5.5%1.1%4.1%6.7%
7 Stonington Town18,48296.0%2.2%2.2%0.7%1.3%2.7%
8 Colchester Town15,92997.3%3.3%0.6%0.8%0.3%3.8%
9 Ledyard Town15,01691.7%2.3%5.2%4.4%0.9%4.0%
10 Griswold Town11,83794.6%2.3%3.3%0.7%0.9%5.2%
11 Groton City10,30578.8%14.9%6.3%2.5%5.2%11.0%
12 Old Lyme Town7,58399.1%0.5%0.8%1.5%0.3%1.5%
13 Lebanon Town7,26898.5%1.1%2.3%2.1%0.6%3.9%
14 North Stonington Town5,27296.6%1.9%1.1%0.9%0.5%3.5%
15 Preston Town4,72989.8%1.6%8.5%3.3%1.0%2.5%
16 Lisbon Town4,32296.8%2.3%1.9%3.6%0.0%0.2%
17 Salem Town4,11894.3%1.0%6.7%1.8%0.5%4.8%
18 Jewett City Borough3,44586.8%6.6%8.4%0.5%1.2%8.2%
19 Sprague Town2,98390.5%0.6%6.1%0.0%2.7%2.7%
20 Bozrah Town2,60394.7%2.9%1.6%1.5%1.0%2.7%
21 Voluntown Town2,60398.4%2.6%1.2%5.1%0.2%1.1%
22 Lyme Town2,32797.6%0.0%0.3%0.0%2.8%1.5%
23 Franklin Town1,95898.8%0.1%0.2%3.9%0.2%2.1%
24 Stonington Borough1,06998.4%0.8%0.7%0.0%0.1%3.2%

Communities

Map of New London County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, CDPs, and Indian Reservations Map of New London County Connecticut With Municipal Labels.PNG
Map of New London County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, CDPs, and Indian Reservations

Cities

Towns

Villages are named localities within towns, but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: New London County, Connecticut". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  2. ↑ https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/06/2022-12063/change-to-county-equivalents-in-the-state-of-connecticut Federal Register: Change to County-Equivalents in the State of Connecticut
  3. ↑ "CCR: Volume 02, Page 39". Archived from the original on April 28, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  4. ↑ Frances Manwaring Caulkins, History of New London, Connecticut: From the first survey of the coast in 1612, to 1852 (New Haven) 1852, p. 249: "New London County extended from Pawkatuck River to the west bounds of Hammonasset Plantation (Killingworth), including all the eastern parts of the colony".
  5. ↑ Newberry Library – Connecticut Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  7. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: New London County, CT" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list
  8. ↑ "General Elections Statement of Vote 1922".
  9. ↑ https://authoring.ct.gov/-/media/SOTS/ElectionServices/StatementOfVote_PDFs/2016StatementofVotepdf.pdf
  10. ↑ https://authoring.ct.gov/-/media/SOTS/ElectionServices/StatementOfVote_PDFs/2020-SOV.pdf
  11. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  12. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  16. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  17. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  18. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  20. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  21. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  22. ↑ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  24. ↑ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2013.

Notes

  1. ↑ The Hammonasset River still bears this Indian place name.

41°28′N72°06′W / 41.47°N 72.10°W / 41.47; -72.10

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