East North Central | |
---|---|
Composition | |
Metropolitan areas | |
Area | |
• Total | 299,170 sq mi (774,800 km2) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 47,368,533 |
• Density | 158/sq mi (61/km2) |
The East North Central states is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, containing five states: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. [1] These states border the Great Lakes, West North Central, the Southeastern, and Northeastern states; the Eastern North Central states also share a land border with Canada through Michigan's Upper Peninsula, southeastern, and mid-Michigan regions. As one of two subregional divisions used to categorize the Midwest, East North Central closely matches the area of the Northwest Territory, excluding a portion of Minnesota.
The East North Central states also form a large part of the Great Lakes region, [2] although the latter also includes Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania and the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a low rate of population growth and the estimated population as of 2019 was 46,902,431, [3] though the 2020 census numbered 47,368,533 residents. The Great Lakes bordering the area provide access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Great Lakes Waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway, or by the Erie Canal and the Hudson River, or via the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River and the Illinois Waterway. Chicago and Detroit—two of East North Central's largest cities—are among the major ports of the United States.
Culturally, this region of the U.S. has been historically influenced by the British and French; Anglo-American culture permeated states covering the region following the expansion of the United States. Religiously, the East North Central states have been and remain predominantly affiliated with Christianity. Altogether, the five states are majority Catholic, non- and inter-denominational, Methodist, Lutheran, and Baptist. The largest non-Christian religion has been Islam. [4]
During European colonization of the Americas, the modern-day East North Central states was occupied by numerous American Indian tribes; with the introduction of European Americans into the region, it was divided between the British colonial empire in America and New France. The western portion of this region formed part of French Louisiana, [5] [6] and following U.S. independence, the eastern half was ceded to the United States from Great Britain. [7] Since American settlement, the modern-day East North Central states has remained the most populous division of the Midwest despite the overall region's low population growth rates.
Geographically located within the North, East North Central is considered part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions, sharing maritime and land borders with Canada. [2] As half of the Midwest, the majority of it shares a humid continental climate, and many of its coastal settlements encounter lake effect snow during the winter.
State | 2019 estimate | Land area |
---|---|---|
Illinois | 12,671,821 | 57,915 |
Indiana | 6,732,219 | 36,418 |
Michigan | 9,986,857 | 96,716 |
Ohio | 11,689,100 | 44,825 |
Wisconsin | 5,822,434 | 65,497 |
In 2010, the East North Central states had a population of 46,421,564; this grew to an estimated 46,902,431 by 2019. [8] By the 2020 United States census, the region's population increased to 47,368,533. Of its population, Illinois is the region's most populous with a 2020 population of 12,812,508. [9] Its least populous is Wisconsin, with 5,893,718 residents. [10] Chicago is the region's most populous city and largest metropolitan area. According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 49.1% of the residents were male and 50.9% were female. Approximately 24.0% of the population were under 18 years of age, and 13.4% were over 65 years of age, and the median age for the region was 39.2.
In terms of race and ethnicity as of 2012, White Americans made up 79.5% of the population, of which 75.7% were whites of non-Hispanic origin. Black Americans composed 12.1% of the region's population, of which 11.9% were blacks of non-Hispanic origin. American Indians and Alaskan Natives were 0.4% of the population and Asians were 2.7%. People who were of two or more races formed 2.1% of the population; and Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 7.6%. [11]
Linguistically, English is, by far, the most common language spoken at home. Approximately 89.3% of all residents (38.3 million people) over the age of five spoke only English at home. Roughly 2,516,000 people (5.9% of the population) spoke Spanish at home and roughly 2,016,000 people (5.8% of the population) spoke another languages at home. Around 270,000 (0.6%) spoke German at home, although this figure ranges from 2% to 37% in Northeast Ohio, which is home to a large Amish community. [12] [13]
City | 2019 pop. | |
---|---|---|
1 | Chicago, Illinois | 2,693,976 |
2 | Columbus, Ohio | 898,553 |
3 | Indianapolis, Indiana | 876,384 |
4 | Detroit, Michigan | 670,031 |
5 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 590,157 |
6 | Cleveland, Ohio | 381,009 |
7 | Cincinnati, Ohio | 303,940 |
8 | Toledo, Ohio | 272,779 |
9 | Fort Wayne, Indiana | 270,402 |
10 | Madison, Wisconsin | 259,680 |
MSA | 2019 pop. | |
---|---|---|
1 | Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA | 9,458,539 |
2 | Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA | 4,319,629 |
3 | Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA | 2,221,208 |
4 | Columbus, OH MSA | 2,122,271 |
5 | Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA | 2,074,537 |
6 | Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA | 2,048,449 |
7 | Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA | 1,575,179 |
8 | Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA | 1,077,370 |
9 | Dayton-Kettering, OH MSA | 807,611 |
10 | Akron, OH MSA | 703,479 |
Parties | ||||
Democratic-Republican | Democratic | Whig | Republican | Progressive |
2020 United States Presidential Election Results in East North Central | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Total voters | Percentage | |||
Joe Biden (D) | 11,828,484 | 49.8% | |||
Donald Trump (R) | 11,591,618 | 48.8% | |||
Jo Jorgensen (L) | 291,885 | 1.2% | |||
Total | 23,711,987 | 100% |
There are also two deregistered parties that have active executive committees.
The Greens | |
Libertarian |
Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash and Ohio rivers to its south. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP), the sixth-largest population, and the 25th-most land area. Its capital city is Springfield in the center of the state, and the state's largest city is Chicago in the northeast.
Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest region of the United States. It borders Wisconsin to the southwest in the Upper Peninsula, and Indiana and Ohio to the south in the Lower Peninsula; it is also connected by Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie to Minnesota and Illinois, and the Canadian province of Ontario. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of 96,716 sq mi (250,490 km2), Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the largest by area east of the Mississippi River. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit. Metro Detroit is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. The name derives from a gallicized variant of the original Ojibwe word ᒥᓯᑲᒥ, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
Lenawee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.
Lapeer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 88,619. The county seat is Lapeer. The county was created on September 18, 1822, and was fully organized on February 2, 1835. The name is a corruption of the French la pierre, which means "the stone". Lapeer County is located north of Detroit and east of Flint.
Elkhart County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the county's population was 207,047. The county seat is Goshen. Elkhart County is part of the Elkhart-Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is also considered part of the broader region of Northern Indiana known as Michiana, and is 20 miles (32 km) east of South Bend, Indiana, 110 miles (180 km) east of Chicago, Illinois, and 150 miles (240 km) north of Indianapolis, Indiana. The area is referred to by locals as the recreation vehicle (RV) capital of the world and is known for its sizable Amish and Old Order Mennonite population.
Cook County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Illinois and the second-most-populous county in the United States, after Los Angeles County, California. More than 40 percent of all residents of Illinois live within Cook County. As of 2020, the population was 5,275,541. The county seat is Chicago, the most populous city in Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States. The county is at the center of the Chicago metropolitan area.
The Midwestern United States is one of the four census regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States. It was officially named the North Central Region by the U.S. Census Bureau until 1984. It is between the Northeastern United States and the Western United States, with Canada to the north and the Southern United States to the south.
The Upper Midwest is a northern subregion of the U.S. Census Bureau's Midwestern United States. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon, the region is usually defined to include the states of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin; some definitions include North Dakota, South Dakota, and parts of Nebraska and Illinois.
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It includes 17–26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.
The West North Central states form one of the nine geographic subdivisions within the United States that are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau.
The Central United States is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern and Western as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the U.S. Census's definition of the Southern United States. The Central States are typically considered to consist of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Mississippi and Alabama.
Northern Indiana is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the northern third of the U.S. state of Indiana and borders the states of Illinois to the west, Michigan to the north, and Ohio to the east. Spanning the state's northernmost 26 counties, its main population centers include Northwest Indiana, Michiana, and the Fort Wayne metropolitan area.
Northern Illinois is a region generally covering the northern third of the U.S. state of Illinois. The region is by far the most populous of Illinois, with nearly 9.7 million residents as of 2010.
The geography of Indiana comprises the physical features of the land and relative location of U.S. State of Indiana. Indiana is in the north-central United States and borders on Lake Michigan. Surrounding states are Michigan to the north and northeast, Illinois to the west, Kentucky to the south, and Ohio to the east. The entire southern boundary is the Ohio River.
Wisconsin, a state in the Midwestern United States, has a vast and diverse geography famous for its landforms created by glaciers during the Wisconsin glaciation 17,000 years ago. The state can be generally divided into five geographic regions—Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Eastern Ridges & Lowlands, and Western Upland. The southwestern part of the state, which was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age, is known as the Driftless Area. The Wisconsin glaciation formed the Wisconsin Dells, Devil's Lake, and the Baraboo Range. A number of areas are protected in the state, including Devil's Lake State Park, the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, and the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest.
The Great Lakes megalopolis consists of a bi-national group of metropolitan areas in North America largely in the Great Lakes region. It extends from the Midwestern United States in the south and west to western Pennsylvania and Western New York in the east and northward through Southern Ontario into southwestern Quebec in Canada. It is the most populated and largest megalopolis in North America.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Illinois:
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Michigan:
The following outline is provided as an overview of, and a topical guide to, the U.S. state of Wisconsin: