Director of National Intelligence

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Director of National Intelligence
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.svg
Seal of the Director of National Intelligence
Avril-Haines (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Avril Haines
since January 21, 2021
Office of the Director
Style Madam Director
(informal)
The Honorable
(formal)
Member of Cabinet
National Security Council
Homeland Security Council
Reports to President
Seat Washington, D.C.
Appointer President
with Senate advice and consent
Constituting instrument 50 U.S.C.   § 3023
Precursor Director of Central Intelligence (DCI)
FormationDecember 17, 2004
First holder John Negroponte
DeputyPrincipal Deputy Director
Website www.odni.gov

The director of national intelligence (DNI) is a senior cabinet-level United States government official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All 18 IC agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA), report directly to the DNI.

Contents

The DNI also serves, upon invitation, as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a classified document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to the president of the United States. [1]

President George W. Bush strengthened the role of the DNI on July 30, 2008, with Executive Order 13470, [2] which, among other things, solidified the DNI's legal authority to direct intelligence gathering and analysis, and to set policy for intelligence sharing with foreign agencies and for the hiring and firing of senior intelligence officials. [3] The DNI was given further responsibility for the entire IC's whistleblowing and source protection by President Obama via Presidential Policy Directive 19 on October 10, 2012.

Under 50 U.S.C.   § 3026, "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position. The DNI, who is appointed by the president of the United States and is subject to confirmation by the United States Senate, serves at the pleasure of the president.

The position was elevated to a cabinet-level role during the first presidency of Donald Trump, a status it has retained under President Joe Biden. Currently, the DNI attends all Cabinet meetings and liaises with the Executive Office of the President of the United States and other Cabinet secretaries in the execution of their duties. President-elect Donald Trump has nominated former Congresswoman and U.S. Army reserve lieutenant-colonel Tulsi Gabbard to the position after his election. [4]

History

Founding

Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the United States Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report , not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks.

Senators Dianne Feinstein, Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the Senate. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or the head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI.

Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. [5] In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).

Appointments

The first director of national intelligence was former U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of Texas A&M University, but who declined the offer. [6] Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush the same day.

On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second director of national intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State. Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI, in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001.

On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as the fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert. This followed Obama's dismissal of the third DNI, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair, whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010. [7]

The fifth DNI, Dan Coats, the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe, and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire, Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao, all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during the first administration of President Donald Trump.

The seventh and current DNI is Avril Haines, who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold the office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 [8] and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021. [9]

On November 13, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tulsi Gabbard for Director of National Intelligence upon returning to the Presidency in January 2025.

Website issues

Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. [10] Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there" but it was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that the DNI appeared to be open to web searches again. [11]

Reform initiatives

In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community. [12]

Office of the Director of National Intelligence

The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. [13] The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. [14] Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia.

On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which included:

The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across the community.[ citation needed ]

Organization

The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. [15] In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI.

There are two directorates, each led by a Deputy Director of National Intelligence: [15] [16]

There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center: [15] [16]

There are also four oversight offices: [15] [16]

Organization seals

United States Intelligence Community

The USIC comprises 17 intelligence agencies and organizations:

Directors

Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence.

No.ImageNameStartEndDurationPresident(s)
1 John Negroponte official portrait.jpg John Negroponte April 21, 2005February 13, 20071 year, 298 days George W. Bush
2 Mike McConnell, official ODNI photo portrait (cropped).jpg Mike McConnell February 13, 2007January 27, 20091 year, 349 days
LTG BURGESS.jpg Ronald Burgess
Acting
January 27, 2009January 29, 20092 days Barack Obama
3 Dennis Blair official Director of National Intelligence portrait (cropped).jpg Dennis Blair January 29, 2009May 28, 20101 year, 119 days
David Gompert official portrait (cropped).jpg David Gompert
Acting
May 28, 2010August 5, 201069 days
4 James R. Clapper official portrait (cropped).jpg James Clapper August 5, 2010January 20, 20176 years, 168 days
Michael Dempsey (cropped).jpg Mike Dempsey
Acting
January 20, 2017March 16, 201755 days Donald Trump
5 Dan Coats official DNI portrait (cropped).jpg Dan Coats March 16, 2017August 15, 20192 years, 152 days
Joseph Maguire official photo (cropped).jpg Joe Maguire
Acting
August 15, 2019February 20, 2020189 days
Richard Grenell official portrait (cropped).jpg Rick Grenell
Acting
February 20, 2020May 26, 202096 days
6 John Ratcliffe official photo (cropped).jpg John Ratcliffe May 26, 2020January 20, 2021239 days
Lora Shiao.jpg Lora Shiao
Acting
January 20, 2021January 21, 20211 day Joe Biden
7 Avril-Haines (cropped).jpg Avril Haines January 21, 2021Incumbent3 years, 305 days
8 Tulsi Gabbard (53807900722) (cropped).jpg Tulsi Gabbard Nominee Donald Trump

Line of succession

The line of succession for the director of national intelligence is as follows: [18]

  1. Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
  2. Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
  3. Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
  4. Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center
  5. Inspector General of the Intelligence Community

Subordinates

Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

NameTerm of officePresident(s) served under
Michael Hayden April 21, 2005 – May 26, 2006 George W. Bush
Ronald L. Burgess Jr.
Acting
June 2006 – October 5, 2007
Donald Kerr October 5, 2007 – January 20, 2009
Ronald L. Burgess Jr.
Acting
January 20, 2009 – February 2009 Barack Obama
David C. Gompert November 10, 2009 – February 11, 2010
Stephanie O'Sullivan February 18, 2011 – January 20, 2017
Susan M. Gordon August 7, 2017 – August 15, 2019 Donald Trump
Andrew P. Hallman a
Acting
October 30, 2019 – February 21, 2020
Neil Wiley a May 13, 2020 – February 2021 Donald Trump, Joe Biden
Stacey Dixon August 4, 2021 – present [19] Joe Biden
a. ^ Hallman's and Wiley's position was Principal Executive, which did not require Senate confirmation. The duties were the same as those of a principal deputy director. [20]

Chief Operating Officer

NameTerm of officePresident(s) served under
Deirdre Walsh February 2018 – May 2020 Donald Trump
Lora Shiao October 2020 – present Donald Trump, Joe Biden

Director of the Intelligence Staff/ Chief Management Officer

NameTerm of officePresident(s) served under
Ronald L. Burgess Jr. May 2007 – February 2009 George W. Bush, Barack Obama
John Kimmons February 2009 – October 2010 Barack Obama
Mark Ewing[ citation needed ]November 2010 – n/a Barack Obama, Donald Trump

Inspector General of the Intelligence Community

NameTerm of officePresident(s) served under
Charles McCulloughOctober 7, 2010 – March 2017 [21] Barack Obama, Donald Trump
Michael Atkinson May 17, 2018 – May 3, 2020 [22] [23] [24] Donald Trump
Thomas Monheim April 3, 2020 [25] [26] a – present Donald Trump, Joe Biden
a. ^ Monheim became Acting IG upon Atkinson's being put on administrative leave on April 3. He remained Acting IG upon and after Atkinson's official removal on May 3. [26]

Deputy directors of national intelligence

NameOfficeTerm of officePresident(s) served under
Beth Sanner Mission IntegrationMay 2019 [27] – March 2021 Donald Trump, Joe Biden
Kevin Meiners [28] Enterprise Capacityn/a – present Donald Trump
Karen GibsonNational Security PartnershipsApril 2019 [29] – 2020 Donald Trump
Corin Stone [30] Strategy & Engagementn/a – present Donald Trump

Assistant directors of national intelligence

NameOfficeTerm of OfficePresident(s) served under
Dr. Ronald SandersADNI for Human CapitalJune 2005 - March 2010George W Bush, Barack Obama
Deborah KircherADNI for Human CapitalOctober 2011 [31] – present Barack Obama, Donald Trump
John Sherman Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer September 2017 [32] – June 2020 [33] Donald Trump
Trey Treadwell [34] Chief Financial Officern/a – present Donald Trump
Catherine JohnstonADNI for Systems and Resource AnalysesMay 2018 [35] – present Donald Trump
Roy Pettis [36] ADNI for Acquisition, Procurement and Facilitiesn/a – present Donald Trump
James Smith [37] ADNI for Policy and Strategy (Acting)n/a – present Donald Trump


See also

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Further reading