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The United States Peace Index (USPI) is a measurement of American States and cities by their peacefulness. Created by the Institute for Economics and Peace, the creators of the Global Peace Index, it is said to be the first in a series of National sub-divisions by their peacefulness. The USPI was created first due to plentiful data and a large amount of diversity between states for level of peace. The United States ranked 88/158 on the Global Peace index for 2012. The U.S. index was released on 6 April 2011 and the second edition was released on 24 April 2012.
There are five peace indicators that make up the USPI. The scores for number of homicides per 100,000 people, number of violent crimes per 100,000 people, jailed population per 100,000 people, police officers per 100,000 people, and ease of access to small arms are weighted and combined to form a state's score. Maine scored as the most peaceful state both years.
The index also includes a map and list for changes in peacefulness from 1991–2009. States are scored in this section by percent, either positive or negative. As a nation, it says that the United States has improved in peacefulness since 1991.
The index also provides statistical analysis and crime, and the cost of crime, in the 61 most populous metropolitan areas. The Cambridge metro area in Massachusetts ranked as the most peaceful and the Detroit metro area as the least.
2012 Rank | 2011 Rank | State | 2012 Score | 2011 Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Maine | 1.31 | 1.33 |
2 | 2 | Vermont | 1.55 | 1.50 |
2 | 3 | New Hampshire | 1.55 | 1.54 |
4 | 4 | Minnesota | 1.61 | 1.62 |
5 | 8 | Utah | 1.72 | 1.83 |
6 | 5 | North Dakota | 1.74 | 1.71 |
7 | 6 | Washington | 1.78 | 1.75 |
7 | 12 | Hawaii | 1.78 | 1.91 |
9 | 10 | Rhode Island | 1.79 | 1.87 |
10 | 11 | Iowa | 1.87 | 1.88 |
11 | 13 | Nebraska | 1.93 | 2.08 |
12 | 7 | Massachusetts | 2.00 | 1.80 |
13 | 9 | Oregon | 2.07 | 1.85 |
14 | 15 | Connecticut | 2.19 | 2.21 |
15 | 17 | West Virginia | 2.20 | 2.28 |
16 | 16 | Idaho | 2.23 | 2.24 |
18 | 17 | Montana | 2.27 | 2.28 |
17 | 23 | Wyoming | 2.26 | 2.49 |
19 | 19 | Wisconsin | 2.30 | 2.30 |
20 | 14 | South Dakota | 2.32 | 2.17 |
20 | 20 | Kentucky | 2.32 | 2.39 |
22 | 22 | Ohio | 2.33 | 2.43 |
23 | 25 | Indiana | 2.35 | 2.52 |
24 | 21 | Pennsylvania | 2.37 | 2.42 |
25 | 26 | Virginia | 2.48 | 2.61 |
26 | 24 | Colorado | 2.53 | 2.50 |
27 | 27 | Kansas | 2.57 | 2.63 |
28 | 28 | New Jersey | 2.63 | 2.66 |
29 | 44 | Michigan | 2.69 | 3.30 |
30 | 31 | North Carolina | 2.71 | 2.79 |
31 | 29 | New York | 2.72 | 2.69 |
32 | 31 | California | 2.74 | 2.79 |
33 | 30 | Alaska | 2.75 | 2.70 |
34 | 38 | New Mexico | 2.85 | 3.16 |
35 | 44 | Illinois | 2.89 | 3.30 |
36 | 34 | Georgia | 3.04 | 2.97 |
37 | 39 | Oklahoma | 3.11 | 3.18 |
38 | 36 | Maryland | 3.14 | 3.14 |
39 | 36 | Delaware | 3.15 | 3.14 |
40 | 47 | Alabama | 3.17 | 3.50 |
40 | 35 | Mississippi | 3.17 | 2.98 |
42 | 46 | South Carolina | 3.18 | 3.42 |
43 | 43 | Arkansas | 3.20 | 3.27 |
43 | 47 | Texas | 3.20 | 3.50 |
45 | 40 | Missouri | 3.21 | 3.21 |
46 | 33 | Arizona | 3.22 | 2.89 |
47 | 41 | Florida | 3.36 | 3.24 |
48 | 49 | Nevada | 3.37 | 3.61 |
49 | 42 | Tennessee | 3.41 | 3.26 |
50 | 50 | Louisiana | 4.05 | 3.97 |
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Crime in the United States has been recorded since its founding. Crime rates have varied over time, with a sharp rise after 1900 and reaching a broad bulging peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. After 1992, crime rates began to fall year by year and have since declined significantly. This trend lasted until 2015, when crime rates began to rise slightly. This reversed in 2018 and 2019, but violent crime increased significantly again in 2020. Homicide rate in the U.S. continues to be high, with four major U.S. cities ranked among the 50 cities with the highest homicide rate in the world in 2019. Despite the increase in violent crime, particularly murders, between 2020 and 2021, the quantity of overall crime is still far below the peak of crime seen in the United States during the late 1980s and early 1990s, as other crimes such as rape, property crime and robbery continued to decline. The aggregate cost of crime in the United States remains high, with an estimated value of $4.9 trillion reported in 2021.
Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness. The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories according to their levels of peacefulness. In the past decade, the GPI has presented trends of increased global violence and less peacefulness.
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The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is a global think tank headquartered in Sydney, Australia with branches in New York City, Mexico City and Oxford. IEP studies the relationship between peace, business, and prosperity, and seeks to promote understanding of the cultural, economic, and political factors that drive peacefulness. It is a registered Australian charity and works in partnership with the Aspen Institute, Economists for Peace and Security the United Nations Global Compact, Center for Strategic and International Studies and Cranfield University. It also collaborates with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Commonwealth Secretariat, UNDP and UN Peacebuilding Support Office. It is chaired by technology entrepreneur Steve Killelea founder of IR.
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^ All information in table from "United States Peace Index". Vision of Humanity. Retrieved 2011-04-06 and updated 2012-10-17.
^ Map of state and city peacefulness across indicators
^ Institute for Economics and Peace