Orange County, Florida

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Orange County
County
Orlando FL cnty crths01.jpg
The Orange County Courthouse in Orlando
Flag of Orange County, FL.png
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Seal
Map of Florida highlighting Orange County.svg
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Orange County
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 28°31′N81°19′W / 28.51°N 81.32°W / 28.51; -81.32 [1]
FoundedDecember 29, 1824 (renamed January 30, 1845) [2]
County seat Orlando
Largest cityOrlando
Area
 • Total2,600 km2 (1,003 sq mi)
 • Land2,340 km2 (903 sq mi)
 • Water300 km2 (100 sq mi)
Population
 (2020) [3]
 • Total1,429,908
 • Estimate 
(2022) [4]
1,452,726
 • Rank 28th in the United States
5th in Florida
 • Density621.09/km2 (1,608.78/sq mi)
Gross Domestic Product
[5]
 • TotalUS$115.013 billion (2022)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Website www.orangecountyfl.net

Orange County is a county located in Central Florida, and as of the 2020 census, its population was 1,429,908 making it Florida's fifth-most populous county. [3] Its county seat is Orlando, [6] the core of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2.67 million in 2020.

Contents

History

The land that is Orange County was part of the first land to come up from below the Early Oligocene sea 33.9–28.4 million years ago and is known as Orange Island. Orange County's Rock Spring location is a Pleistocene fossil-bearing area and has yielded a vast variety of birds and mammals including giant sloth, mammoth, camel, and the dire wolf dating around 1.1 million years ago. [7]

19th century to mid-20th century

Immediately following the transfer of Florida to the United States in 1821, Governor Andrew Jackson created two counties: Escambia to the west of the Suwannee River and St. Johns to the east. [8] In 1824, the area to the south of St. Johns County was organized as Mosquito County, and Enterprise was named its county seat. This large county took up much of central Florida. It was renamed as Orange County in 1845 when Florida became a state. [9] After the population increased in the region, the legislature organized several counties, such as Osceola (1887), Seminole (1913), Lake (1887), and Volusia (1854), from its territory.

During the post-Reconstruction period, white people committed a high rate of racial violence against black people in Orange County; racial terrorism was used to re-establish and maintain white supremacy. Whites lynched 33 African Americans here from 1877 to 1950; most were killed in the decades around the turn of the 20th century. This was the highest total of any county in the state, and sixth highest of any county in the country. [10] Florida had the highest per-capita rate of lynchings of any state in the South, where the great majority of these extrajudicial murders took place. [11]

Among the terrorist lynchings was the death of Julius "July" Perry of Ocoee, whose body was found November 3, 1920, hanged from a lightpole in Orlando, near the house of a judge known to be sympathetic to black voting. [10] But this was part of a much larger story of KKK and other white attempts to suppress black voting in Ocoee and the state. African Americans had organized for a year to increase voter turnout for the 1920 presidential election, with organizations helping prepare residents for voter registration, paying for poll taxes, and similar actions. On Election Day in Ocoee, blacks were turned away from the polls. Perry, a prosperous farmer, was suspected of sheltering Mose Norman, an African-American man who had tried to vote. [12] After Norman was twice turned away, white violence broke out, resulting in a riot through the black community, leaving an estimated 50 to 60 African-Americans dead and all the properties destroyed. Many blacks fled from Ocoee to save their lives, and the town became all-white. [12] [10] Voting efforts were suppressed for decades.

Later 20th century to present

Orange County was named for the fruit that constituted the county's main commodity crop. At its peak in the early 1970s, some 80,000 acres (320 km2) were planted in citrus in Orange County.[ citation needed ] The dark-green foliage of orange trees filled the county, as did the scent of the orange blossoms when in bloom. Fewer commercial orange groves remained by the end of the twentieth century. The majority of groves were destroyed by the freezing temperatures that occurred in December 1983, January 1985, and December 1989, the worst since 1899. [13]

The financial setbacks, not the first in the grove region's history, were too challenging for many growers. Economically destroyed, many walked away from the land. Others awaited other opportunities. One of the region's major land owners and growers was the Tropicana company. They withdrew rather than try to come back from these seemingly endless generational decimation. With no realistic avenues for agricultural use of this rural land, and Florida's continuing strong population growth and its attendant needs (aided and supported by the success of nearby Walt Disney World and Universal Studios Florida), these areas began to be developed for housing. However, several packing facilities and wholesalers still remain in Orange County.[ citation needed ]

Geography

2010 U.S. Census tract map of Orange County DC10CT C12095 000 cropped.png
2010 U.S. Census tract map of Orange County

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,003 square miles (2,600 km2), of which 903 square miles (2,340 km2) is land and 100 square miles (260 km2) (10.0%) is water. [14]

Adjacent counties

Transportation

Airports

Major highways

Public transportation

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1830 733—
1840 73−90.0%
1850 466538.4%
1860 987111.8%
1870 2,195122.4%
1880 6,618201.5%
1890 12,58490.1%
1900 11,374−9.6%
1910 19,10768.0%
1920 19,8904.1%
1930 49,737150.1%
1940 70,07440.9%
1950 114,95064.0%
1960 263,540129.3%
1970 344,31130.6%
1980 471,01636.8%
1990 677,49143.8%
2000 896,34432.3%
2010 1,145,95627.8%
2020 1,429,90824.8%
2023 (est.)1,471,416 [15] 2.9%
U.S. Decennial Census
1830–1970 [16] 1980 [17] 1990 [18]
2000 [19] 2010 [20] 2020 [3] 2022 [4]
Historical racial composition2020 [3] 2010 [20] 2000 [19] 1990 [18] 1980 [17]
White (non-Hispanic)37.2%46.0%57.5%73.3%80.0%
Hispanic or Latino 33.1%26.9%18.8%9.6%4.2%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)18.4%19.5%17.5%14.8%14.6%
Asian and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)5.5%4.9%3.4%2.0%1.3%
Native American (non-Hispanic)0.2%0.2%0.2%0.3%
Other Race (non-Hispanic)1.1%0.5%0.3%0.1%
Two or more races (non-Hispanic)4.6%2.0%2.2%N/AN/A
Population1,429,9081,145,956896,344677,491471,016
Demographic characteristics2020 [21] [22] [23] 2010 [24] [25] [26] 2000 [27] [28] [29] 1990 [18] 1980 [17] [30]
Households561,851487,839361,349254,852170,754
Persons per household2.542.352.482.662.76
Sex Ratio95.097.098.098.494.6
Ages 0–1722.0%23.6%25.3%23.8%26.6%
Ages 18–6465.6%66.7%64.7%65.6%62.8%
Ages 65 +12.4%9.7%10.0%10.6%10.6%
Median age35.633.733.331.429.5
Population1,429,9081,145,956896,344677,491471,016
Economic indicators
2017–21 American Community Survey Orange CountyFlorida
Median income [31] $33,160$34,367
Median household income [32] $65,784$61,777
Poverty Rate [33] 13.9%13.1%
High school diploma [34] 89.5%89.0%
Bachelor's degree [34] 35.7%31.5%
Advanced degree [34] 12.7%11.7%
Ethnic origins in Orange County Ethnic Origins in Orange County, FL.png
Ethnic origins in Orange County
Language spoken at home [lower-alpha 1] 2015 [lower-alpha 2] 2010 [lower-alpha 3] 2000 [37] 1990 [38] 1980 [39]
English 64.7%66.6%74.6%86.4%92.9%
Spanish or Spanish Creole 24.7%23.2%17.3%9.0%3.9%
French or Haitian Creole 3.6%3.2%2.6%1.1%0.6%
Vietnamese 1.2%1.0%0.9%0.7%0.3%
Other Languages7.0%7.0%5.5%3.5%2.6%
Nativity2015 [lower-alpha 4] 2010 [lower-alpha 5] 2000 [44] [45] 1990 [38] 1980 [39]
% population native-born 79.3%80.9%85.6%92.5%95.0%
... born in the United States 70.2%73.0%78.7%88.0%93.2%
... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas 7.8%6.7%5.8%3.4%1.8%
... born to American parents abroad 1.3%1.2%1.0%1.1%
% population foreign-born [lower-alpha 6] 20.7%19.1%14.4%7.5%5.0%
... born in Haiti 2.4%2.0%1.5%0.4%N/A [lower-alpha 7]
... born in Colombia 1.5%1.7%1.0%0.3%N/A [lower-alpha 7]
... born in Mexico 1.4%1.7%1.2%0.4%0.2%
... born in Cuba 1.3%1.1%1.0%0.7%0.6%
... born in Venezuela 1.2%0.6%0.3%< 0.1%N/A [lower-alpha 7]
... born in Jamaica 1.1%1.1%1.0%0.6%0.2%
... born in the Dominican Republic 1.0%1.0%0.6%0.2%< 0.1%
... born in Brazil 1.0%0.8%0.5%< 0.1%N/A [lower-alpha 7]
... born in other countries9.8%9.1%7.3%4.9%4.0%

Government

The county functions under a charter form of government. The charter serves as a constitution, detailing the structure and operation of the local government. A Charter Review Commission has the power to consider and place amendments on the ballot. Voters then decide whether to accept or reject all amendments put forth. If voters approve an amendment, it is then inserted into the charter.

Federal representation

Four districts of the U.S. House of Representatives represent parts of Orange County.

Federal representation
DistrictIncumbentHometown% Orange County
voters [46] 		Next election
7 Cory Mills Winter Haven 24.82024
8 Bill Posey Rockledge 1.32024
9 Darren Soto Kissimmee 15.662024
10 Maxwell Frost Orlando 58.242024

District 7 encompasses all of Seminole County and portions of northern Orange County

Places include: Sanford, Lake Mary, Altamonte Springs, Maitland, Winter Park and parts of Orlando

District 8 encompasses all of Brevard and Indian River Counties and far eastern Orange County

District 9 encompasses all of Osceola County, eastern Polk County and eastern and south central Orange County

Places include: Kissimmee, Winter Haven and most of Orlando

District 10 encompasses western Orange County

Places include: Eatonville, Apopka, Ocoee, Winter Garden, Windermere and part of western Orlando

State representation

Orange County residents are represented in Tallahassee with 3 Senate seats.

State senators
DistrictIncumbentHometown% Voters [47] Next election
11 Randolph Bracy Orlando37.442020
13 Linda Stewart Orlando 42.552020
15 Victor Torres Orlando 202020

District 11 encompasses northwestern Orange County

District 13 encompasses north central and northeastern Orange County

District 15 encompasses all of Osceola County and the southern third of Orange County

Orange County residents are represented in Tallahassee with 9 House seats.

State representatives
DistrictIncumbentHometown% Voters [48] Next election
35 Tom Keen Alafaya 4.562024
37 Susan Plasencia Oviedo 5.082024
39 Doug Bankson Orlando 15.222024
40LaVon Bracy Davis Orlando 12.462024
41 Bruce Antone Orlando 10.472024
42 Anna Eskamani Orlando 15.642024
43Johanna Lopez Azalea Park 13.012024
44 Jennifer "Rita" Harris Hunter's Creek 13.812020
45 Carolina Amesty Windermere 9.742024
47 Paula Stark Kissimmee 9.742024

District 37 encompasses southern Seminole and portions of northern Orange County

District 35, 46, 47 encompasses Osceola County and Orange County

District 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, are wholly composed of Orange.

County representation

Orange County is served by a board of commissioners. The board consists of an elected mayor and six commissioners. The mayor is elected At-large, while commissioners are elected from single-member districts. The mayor and commissioners each serve staggered four-year terms. Commissioners from Districts 1, 3, and 5 are elected in presidential election years, while the mayor and commissioners from Districts 2, 4, and 6 are elected in alternate years. The county is also served by a clerk of courts, sheriff, property appraiser, tax collector, supervisor of elections, state attorney, and public defender. All positions are four-year terms, requiring direct election by voters in presidential election years.

Orange County officials
PositionIncumbentNext election
Mayor Jerry Demings 2022
District 1 CommissionerNicole Wilson2024
District 2 CommissionerChristine Moore2022
District 3 CommissionerMayra Uribe2020
District 4 CommissionerMaribel Gomez Cordero2022
District 5 CommissionerEmily Bonilla2020
District 6 CommissionerMike Scott2025
Clerk of CourtsTiffany Moore Russell2020
SheriffJohn Mina2020
ComptrollerPhil Diamond2020
Property AppraiserAmy Mercado2024
Tax Collector Scott Randolph 2020
Supervisor of ElectionsBill Cowles2020
State AttorneyMonique Worrell2020
Public DefenderRobert Wesley2020

Education

Public education

The Orange County Public Schools deliver public education to students countywide. [49] Its functions and expenditures are overseen by an elected school board composed of a chairman, elected at-large; and seven members, elected from single-member districts. Each member is elected to a four-year term: the chairman and three other members are elected in gubernatorial election years, while the other four are elected in presidential election years. As of the 2021–2022 school year, the school system operated 205 schools (127 elementary, 9 K-8, 39 middle, 22 high, and 8 exceptional learning), with 206,246 students. [50] As of 2023, it is the 4th largest district statewide and eighth largest in the nation. [51] [ better source needed ]

Orange County School Board
PositionIncumbentNext election
Chairman Teresa Jacobs 2026
District 1Angie Gallo2026
District 2Maria Salamanca2026
District 3Alicia Farrant2026
District 4Pam Gould2024
District 5Vicki-Elaine Felder2024
District 6Karen Castor-Dentel2024
District 7Melissa Byrd2022

Colleges and universities

The University of Central Florida is the sole 4-year public university. As of the Fall 2020 semester, a total of 71,948 students attended the university, making it the largest university in the nation by enrollment. [52] The university's 1,415 acre main campus is situated in northeast Orange County. [52]

Nearby Winter Park is home to Rollins College, a private college situated only a few miles from Downtown Orlando. In 2012, it was ranked #1 by U.S. News & World Report amongst regional universities in the South. [53]

With six campuses spread throughout the county, Valencia College offers two-year degree programs, as well three baccalaureate programs.

The law schools for Barry University and Florida A&M are also conveniently located in Downtown Orlando.

Full Sail University is a for-profit university in Winter Park, Florida. Full Sail is not regionally accredited, but is nationally accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC) to award associate's, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees in audio, film, design, computer animation, business, and other fields.[10] The school offers 35 degree programs and 2 graduate certificates and has a student population of more than 16,800.

Films

Walt Before Mickey , a feature film about Walt Disney creating Mickey Mouse, was shot locally.

Libraries

Orange County is served by the Orange County Library System, which was established in 1923. Before the opening of the Albertson Public Library in 1923, a circulating library maintained by the Sorosis Club of Orlando offered book lending services to patrons on a subscription basis. The Albertson Public Library was established with the collection of Captain Charles L. Albertson and the library was named in his honor. In 1924, the Booker T. Washington Branch of the Albertson Library was established to service the African American community of Orlando. In 1966, the current Orlando Public Library building was completed on the grounds of the Albertson Public Library. [54] Currently there are 16 libraries within the Orange County Library system. [55] The library systems offers a diverse selection of materials, free programs and free access to various databases. In addition, the library offers free delivery of most items through its MAYL service. [56]

One exception exists in the cities of Maitland and Winter Park which are each part of a separate library taxing districts and as a result residents of these cities are not entitled to receive resident borrowing privileges at OCLS branches even though they are technically and legally residents of Orange County, instead an agreement was reached between Maitland, Winter Park and the OCLS whereas a resident of those cities can go to any OCLS branch and request a "Reciprocal borrower card" which is provided free of charge. The Reciprocal borrower cards is valid for one year and can be used at any OCLS branch with the exception of the Melrose Center at the Orlando Public Library which requires a separate Melrose Center specific card which is issued after the user applies for the card and goes through a mandatory orientation class. Access to the OCLS Internet on library owned PCs requires a Reciprocal borrower to pay small session access fee. The OCLS Wi-Fi network which is available at all branches remains free of charge to all users including Reciprocal borrowers and visitors who use their own iPad, Mac, PC, Smartphone or tablet devices. Maitland and Winter Park Library do not provide reciprocal privileges to OCLS patrons and charge non-residents a yearly user fee.

Politics

Orange County is located along the pivotal Interstate 4 corridor, a powerful swing region in one of the country's most critical swing states. Many close elections are won or lost depending on the voting outcome along the corridor. Voters are considered independent, traditionally splitting their votes, electing Democrats and Republicans on the same ballot. As a result of such independence, voters are inundated with non-stop television and radio ads months preceding a general election.

Orange County was one of the first areas of Florida to turn Republican. It swung from a 15-point victory for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 to a seven-point victory for Thomas E. Dewey in 1948. It eventually became one of the stronger Republican bastions in Florida, as evidenced when it gave Barry Goldwater 56 percent of its vote in 1964. For most of the second half of the 20th century, it was one of the more conservative urban counties in Florida and the nation. From 1948 to 1988, Democrats only cracked the 40 percent barrier twice, in 1964 and 1976. However, the Republican edge narrowed considerably in the 1990s. George H. W. Bush fell from 67 percent of the vote in 1988 to only 45.9 percent in 1992. In 1996, Bob Dole only won the county by 520 votes.

In September 2000, [57] Democrats overtook Republicans in voter registration. This was a factor in Al Gore becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate to carry the county since 1944. John Kerry narrowly carried the county in 2004. In 2008, however, Orange County swung hard to Barack Obama, who won it by the largest margin for a Democrat since Roosevelt. In the years since, it has become one of the strongest Democratic bastions in Florida.

Since 2000, Republicans have yet to retake the advantage they once enjoyed. In the twelve years that followed, Democrats experienced a modest increase in their voter registration percentage from 41.40% to 42.73% of the electorate. Minor party voters also had modest growth, increasing from 2.17% to 2.37%. In contrast, Republicans experienced a sharp decrease in registered voters, sliding from 40.95% in 2000 down to 29.85% in 2012. The beneficiary of the Republican losses have been unaffiliated voters. The percentage of the electorate identifying as an unaffiliated voter increased from 15.47% to 25.06% during this same period. Orange County is one of two different counties in the entire nation to have voted for Al Gore in 2000 after voting for Dole in 1996, a distinction it shares with Charles County, Maryland. [58]

United States presidential election results for Orange County, Florida [59]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 245,39837.80%395,01460.85%8,7451.35%
2016 195,21635.37%329,89459.77%26,7924.85%
2012 188,58940.36%273,66558.56%5,0491.08%
2008 186,83240.35%273,00958.96%3,1980.69%
2004 192,53949.62%193,35449.83%2,1510.55%
2000 134,53148.02%140,23650.06%5,3881.92%
1996 106,05945.89%105,53945.66%19,5288.45%
1992 108,78845.90%82,68334.89%45,54019.21%
1988 117,23767.86%54,02331.27%1,5100.87%
1984 122,06871.39%48,75228.51%1650.10%
1980 87,45461.06%48,76734.05%6,9984.89%
1976 70,45154.01%58,44244.80%1,5441.18%
1972 94,51679.57%23,84020.07%4210.35%
1968 50,87450.54%22,54822.40%27,24727.07%
1964 48,88456.10%38,24843.90%00.00%
1960 48,24470.98%19,72929.02%00.00%
1956 37,48272.06%14,53227.94%00.00%
1952 29,81371.06%12,14128.94%00.00%
1948 11,97146.67%10,06339.23%3,61814.10%
1944 8,82642.36%12,00857.64%00.00%
1940 8,19839.00%12,82161.00%00.00%
1936 4,39437.53%7,31462.47%00.00%
1932 3,52241.93%4,87758.07%00.00%
1928 6,52470.04%2,61628.08%1751.88%
1924 1,65340.24%1,88345.84%57213.92%
1920 1,44739.45%2,03555.48%1865.07%
1916 41523.62%1,26171.77%814.61%
1912 22812.37%1,25668.15%35919.48%
1908 48530.14%95259.17%17210.69%
1904 31525.26%87470.09%584.65%
1900 40229.03%85761.88%1269.10%
1896 56532.47%1,08662.41%895.11%
1892 00.00%1,14292.10%987.90%

Voter registration

Voter registration by party as of March 31, 2024 [60]
PartyTotalPercentage
Democratic 324,06840.28%
Republican 213,12226.49%
Minor parties21,3302.65%
Unaffiliated245,96930.57%
Total804,489100.00%

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned
  2. ↑ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data; [35] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
  3. ↑ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data; [36] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
  4. ↑ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data; [40] [41] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
  5. ↑ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data; [42] [43] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
  6. ↑ Only countries of birth which at least 0.75% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 are mentioned
  7. 1 2 3 4 Not counted separately; aggregated into "Other" category

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windermere, Florida</span> Town in Florida, United States

Windermere is a town in Orange County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,030. It is part of the Orlando Metropolitan Statistical Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winter Garden, Florida</span> City in Florida, United States

Winter Garden is a city in western Orange County, Florida, United States. Located 14 miles (23 km) west of Downtown Orlando, it is part of the Orlando metropolitan area. The population was 46,964 as of the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kissimmee, Florida</span> City in Florida, United States

Kissimmee is the largest city and county seat of Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,226. It is a Principal City of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 2,673,376. The Census Bureau defines an urban area with Kissimmee as the principal city, which is separated from the Orlando urban area. The Kissimmee–St. Cloud, FL urban area had a 2020 population of 418,404, making it the 100th largest in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Orlando</span> Metropolitan statistical area in Florida, United States

The Orlando metropolitan area, also known as Central Florida, Greater Orlando, Metro Orlando, as well as for U.S. Census purposes as the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, is a metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bryan Nelson</span> American politician

Bryan Nelson is a Florida-based politician, serving as Mayor of Apopka since 2018. A Republican, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 31st District, which includes the cities of Apopka, Eustis, Mount Dora, Tavares, and Umatilla in northern Lake County and northern Orange County, since 2012. He served on the Orange County Commission for District 2 from 2014 until March 2018 when he won election for mayor of Apopka after support for the previous mayor deteriorated.

The Ocoee massacre was a mass racial violence event that saw a white mob attack numerous African-American residents in the northern parts of Ocoee, Florida, a town located in Orange County near Orlando. Previously inhabited by the Seminoles, Ocoee was the home to 255 African-American residents and 560 white residents according to the 1920 Census. The massacre took place on November 2, 1920, the day of the U.S. presidential election leaving a lasting political, but also community impact, as the 1930 census shows 1,180 whites, 11 Native Americans, and 2 African Americans (0.2%).

References

  1. ↑ "2018 Gazetteer Map Data".
  2. ↑ "History of Orange County, Florida".
  3. 1 2 3 4 "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  4. 1 2 "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2022". County Population Totals: 2020-2022. U.S. Census Bureau. June 23, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022" (PDF). www.bea.gov. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  7. ↑ Petuch, Edward J., Roberts, Charles; The geology of the Everglades and adjacent areas, 2007, ISBN   1-4200-4558-X.
  8. ↑ Tebeau, Charlton W. (1980). A History of Florida (Revised ed.). Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. p. 119.
  9. ↑ "Florida Maps - Mosquito County". fcit.usf.edu. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 Jeff Kunerth, "Report: Orange County ranks 6th in lynchings from 1877-1950", Orlando Sentinel, February 11, 2015; accessed March 21, 2018
  11. ↑ Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County, 3rd Edition, 2015, p.2 [ permanent dead link ]
  12. 1 2 Ortiz, Paul (May 14, 2010). "Ocoee, Florida: Remembering the 'single bloodiest day in modern U.S. political history'", Facing South, The Institute for Southern Studies; University of Mississippi. Retrieved on March 21, 2018
  13. ↑ Bouffard, Kevin (December 25, 2009). "1989 Christmas Freeze: Florida's Citrus Industry was Changed Forever". The Ledger. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  14. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Census Counts: 1830-2020". Florida County Population Census Counts: 1830 to 2020. Office of Economic and Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature. 2023. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  17. 1 2 3 "General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 "1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  19. 1 2 "PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". PL002 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
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  24. ↑ "H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS". H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  25. ↑ "P12 | SEX BY AGE". P12: SEX BY AGE - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  26. ↑ "P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  27. ↑ "H003 | OCCUPANCY STATUS [3]". H003: OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
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  29. ↑ "P013 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3]". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
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  31. ↑ "S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 ... - Census Bureau Table". S2001 | EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  32. ↑ "S1901: INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ... - Census Bureau Table". S1901 | INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  33. ↑ "S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST ... - Census Bureau Table". S1701 | POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  34. 1 2 3 "S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - Census Bureau Table". S1501 | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  35. ↑ "C16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR ... - Census Bureau Table". C16001 | LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  36. ↑ "B16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY - Census Bureau Table". B16001 | LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  37. ↑ "PCT010: AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT ... - Census Bureau Table". PCT010 | AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER [83]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  38. 1 2 "1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 3" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  39. 1 2 "General Social and Economic Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  40. ↑ "B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". B05001 | NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  41. ↑ "B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". B05006 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  42. ↑ "B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". B05001 | NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  43. ↑ "B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". B05006 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  44. ↑ "P021: PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". P021 | PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS [15]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  45. ↑ "PCT019: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". PCT019 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION [126]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
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  51. ↑ "2024 Largest School Districts in America". Niche. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
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  58. ↑ "The 2016 Streak Breakers". Sabato Crystal Ball. October 6, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
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  60. ↑ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of March 31, 2015". Orange County Supervisor of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
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