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Elections in Florida |
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Government |
The 1912 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 5, 1912. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Ever since the disfranchisement of black Americans at the beginning of the 1890s, Florida had been a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. Because, unlike southern states extending into the Appalachian Mountains or Ozarks, or Texas with its German settlements in the Edwards Plateau, Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession, its Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes. An illustration of the original Florida GOP's dependence upon black votes can be seen in that, as late as the landmark court case of Smith v. Allwright , half of Florida's registered Republicans were still black [1] – although very few blacks in Florida had ever voted within the previous fifty-five years. Thus this disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites by a poll tax introduced in 1889 [2] left Florida nearly as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina. [3]
The Democratic Party won every county in Florida in each election from 1892 [lower-alpha 1] until 1904, and all bar Calhoun County in 1908. [4] Only once since 1897 – and then only for a single term – had a Republican served in either house of the state legislature.
Despite this disfranchisement of most of the state's lower classes, by the 1912 election, southern Florida – settled after the Civil War – was to develop a considerable socialist movement at the beginning of the 1910s – most strongly in Tampa. [5] Although this movement had no effect on the overall presidential result – Democrat Woodrow Wilson was to win every county with an absolute majority of votes – it did allow Socialist Eugene Debs to achieve the unique feat for an American socialist of finishing second, ahead of both factions of the splintered national Republican Party.
1912 United States presidential election in Florida [6] | ||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Running mate | Popular vote | Electoral vote | ||||
Count | % | Count | % | |||||
Democratic | Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey | Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana | 35,343 | 69.52% | 6 | 100.00% | ||
Socialist | Eugene Debs of Indiana | Emil Seidel of Wisconsin | 4,806 | 9.45% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
[[Progressive|Progressive]] | Theodore Roosevelt of New York | Hiram W. Johnson of California | 4,555 | 8.96% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Republican | William Howard Taft of Ohio (incumbent) | Nicholas Murray Butler of New York | 4,279 | 8.42% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Prohibition | Eugene Chafin of Illinois | Aaron Watkins of Ohio | 1,854 | 3.65% | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Total | 50,837 | 100.00% | 6 | 100.00% |
Thomas Woodrow Wilson Democratic | William Howard Taft Republican | Eugene Victor Debs Socialist | Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Progressive "Bull Moose" | Eugene Wilder Chafin Prohibition | Total votes cast | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | # [7] | % | # [7] | % | # [8] | % | # [8] | % | # [8] | % | # |
Alachua | 1,304 | 75.33% | 221 | 12.77% | 56 | 3.24% | 75 | 4.33% | 75 | 4.33% | 1,731 |
Baker | 168 | 50.76% | 37 | 11.18% | 31 | 9.37% | 93 | 28.10% | 2 | 0.60% | 331 |
Bradford | 656 | 76.55% | 95 | 11.09% | 10 | 1.17% | 40 | 4.67% | 56 | 6.53% | 857 |
Brevard | 357 | 60.51% | 61 | 10.34% | 82 | 13.90% | 82 | 13.90% | 8 | 1.36% | 590 |
Calhoun | 332 | 50.30% | 67 | 10.15% | 152 | 23.03% | 59 | 8.94% | 50 | 7.58% | 660 |
Citrus | 417 | 82.90% | 11 | 2.19% | 21 | 4.17% | 44 | 8.75% | 10 | 1.99% | 503 |
Clay | 279 | 71.54% | 26 | 6.67% | 54 | 13.85% | 21 | 5.38% | 10 | 2.56% | 390 |
Columbia | 520 | 77.61% | 66 | 9.85% | 23 | 3.43% | 50 | 7.46% | 11 | 1.64% | 670 |
Dade | 1,171 | 65.71% | 99 | 5.56% | 188 | 10.55% | 291 | 16.33% | 33 | 1.85% | 1,782 |
DeSoto | 847 | 67.28% | 110 | 8.74% | 135 | 10.72% | 78 | 6.20% | 89 | 7.07% | 1,259 |
Duval | 3,514 | 75.26% | 243 | 5.20% | 350 | 7.50% | 485 | 10.39% | 77 | 1.65% | 4,669 |
Escambia | 1,593 | 77.11% | 72 | 3.48% | 158 | 7.65% | 202 | 9.78% | 41 | 1.98% | 2,066 |
Franklin | 266 | 68.21% | 58 | 14.87% | 38 | 9.74% | 23 | 5.90% | 5 | 1.28% | 390 |
Gadsden | 609 | 78.99% | 75 | 9.73% | 31 | 4.02% | 54 | 7.00% | 2 | 0.26% | 771 |
Hamilton | 405 | 72.71% | 46 | 8.26% | 60 | 10.77% | 24 | 4.31% | 22 | 3.95% | 557 |
Hernando | 272 | 71.02% | 18 | 4.70% | 42 | 10.97% | 22 | 5.74% | 29 | 7.57% | 383 |
Hillsborough | 2,641 | 67.63% | 159 | 4.07% | 672 | 17.21% | 269 | 6.89% | 164 | 4.20% | 3,905 |
Holmes | 411 | 61.16% | 52 | 7.74% | 79 | 11.76% | 110 | 16.37% | 20 | 2.98% | 672 |
Jackson | 1,205 | 71.01% | 163 | 9.61% | 146 | 8.60% | 68 | 4.01% | 115 | 6.78% | 1,697 |
Jefferson | 459 | 82.55% | 47 | 8.45% | 9 | 1.62% | 39 | 7.01% | 2 | 0.36% | 556 |
Lafayette | 473 | 76.79% | 73 | 11.85% | 8 | 1.30% | 11 | 1.79% | 51 | 8.28% | 616 |
Lake | 596 | 73.49% | 92 | 11.34% | 39 | 4.81% | 63 | 7.77% | 21 | 2.59% | 811 |
Lee | 432 | 60.50% | 38 | 5.32% | 116 | 16.25% | 97 | 13.59% | 31 | 4.34% | 714 |
Leon | 546 | 81.98% | 56 | 8.41% | 15 | 2.25% | 46 | 6.91% | 3 | 0.45% | 666 |
Levy | 375 | 70.49% | 74 | 13.91% | 30 | 5.64% | 24 | 4.51% | 29 | 5.45% | 532 |
Liberty | 206 | 77.74% | 32 | 12.08% | 7 | 2.64% | 18 | 6.79% | 2 | 0.75% | 265 |
Madison | 480 | 87.59% | 16 | 2.92% | 19 | 3.47% | 30 | 5.47% | 3 | 0.55% | 548 |
Manatee | 712 | 68.73% | 55 | 5.31% | 98 | 9.46% | 108 | 10.42% | 63 | 6.08% | 1,036 |
Marion | 1,165 | 70.73% | 179 | 10.87% | 124 | 7.53% | 117 | 7.10% | 62 | 3.76% | 1,647 |
Monroe | 1,023 | 55.72% | 414 | 22.55% | 221 | 12.04% | 152 | 8.28% | 26 | 1.42% | 1,836 |
Nassau | 441 | 82.89% | 38 | 7.14% | 31 | 5.83% | 17 | 3.20% | 5 | 0.94% | 532 |
Orange | 1,256 | 68.15% | 228 | 12.37% | 124 | 6.73% | 134 | 7.27% | 101 | 5.48% | 1,843 |
Osceola | 512 | 57.59% | 110 | 12.37% | 64 | 7.20% | 159 | 17.89% | 44 | 4.95% | 889 |
Palm Beach | 458 | 63.17% | 31 | 4.28% | 77 | 10.62% | 146 | 20.14% | 13 | 1.79% | 725 |
Pasco | 485 | 67.45% | 60 | 8.34% | 64 | 8.90% | 74 | 10.29% | 36 | 5.01% | 719 |
Pinellas | 853 | 60.16% | 87 | 6.14% | 189 | 13.33% | 250 | 17.63% | 39 | 2.75% | 1,418 |
Polk | 1,520 | 71.43% | 106 | 4.98% | 291 | 13.67% | 141 | 6.63% | 70 | 3.29% | 2,128 |
Putnam | 774 | 65.93% | 229 | 19.51% | 67 | 5.71% | 53 | 4.51% | 51 | 4.34% | 1,174 |
St. Johns | 836 | 73.08% | 45 | 3.93% | 116 | 10.14% | 132 | 11.54% | 15 | 1.31% | 1,144 |
St. Lucie | 352 | 69.57% | 45 | 8.89% | 64 | 12.65% | 36 | 7.11% | 9 | 1.78% | 506 |
Santa Rosa | 592 | 66.29% | 70 | 7.84% | 88 | 9.85% | 48 | 5.38% | 95 | 10.64% | 893 |
Sumter | 417 | 74.73% | 22 | 3.94% | 19 | 3.41% | 71 | 12.72% | 29 | 5.20% | 558 |
Suwannee | 714 | 69.59% | 54 | 5.26% | 214 | 20.86% | 29 | 2.83% | 15 | 1.46% | 1,026 |
Taylor | 236 | 65.01% | 56 | 15.43% | 9 | 2.48% | 19 | 5.23% | 43 | 11.85% | 363 |
Volusia | 942 | 67.48% | 162 | 11.60% | 98 | 7.02% | 72 | 5.16% | 122 | 8.74% | 1,396 |
Wakulla | 215 | 77.06% | 25 | 8.96% | 22 | 7.89% | 15 | 5.38% | 2 | 0.72% | 279 |
Walton | 612 | 57.95% | 74 | 7.01% | 69 | 6.53% | 296 | 28.03% | 5 | 0.47% | 1,056 |
Washington | 694 | 64.38% | 82 | 7.61% | 186 | 17.25% | 68 | 6.31% | 48 | 4.45% | 1,078 |
Totals | 35,343 | 69.52% | 4,279 | 8.42% | 4,806 | 9.45% | 4,555 | 8.96% | 1,854 | 3.65% | 50,837 |
The 1920 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. State voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Florida, was held on November 2, 1920. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for the president and vice-president.
The 1940 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 5, 1940, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election. Florida voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1936 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 8, 1936. Florida voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1932 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 8, 1932, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election held in all 48 contemporary states. Florida voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Florida voters chose six electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 4, 1924. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1908 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 3, 1908 as part of the 1908 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. With the disenfranchisement of African-Americans by a poll tax in 1889, Florida become a one-party Democratic state, which it was to remain until the 1950s, apart from the anti-Catholic vote against Al Smith in 1928. Unlike southern states extending into the Appalachian Mountains or Ozarks, or Texas with its German settlements in the Edwards Plateau, Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Thus Florida's Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes, a fact is graphically seen when one considers that – although very few blacks in Florida had ever voted within the previous fifty-five years – at the time of the landmark court case of Smith v. Allwright, half of Florida's registered Republicans were still black. Thus disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi, or South Carolina.
The 1904 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 8, 1904. Voter chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.
The 1900 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1900. Florida voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.
The 1912 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose twelve representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1912 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. With the exception of a handful of historically Unionist North Georgia counties – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns – Georgia since the 1880s had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and most poor whites had made the Republican Party virtually nonexistent outside of local governments in those few hill counties, and the national Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction. The only competitive elections were Democratic primaries, which state laws restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club.
The 1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1944 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 7, 1944, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1916 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 7, 1916, as part of the 1916 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1892 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8, 1892. All contemporary 44 states were part of the 1892 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1924 United States presidential election in Arkansas was held on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.
The 1896 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 3, 1896. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1896 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1928 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.