United States presidential elections in Florida

Last updated

Presidential elections in Florida
Florida in United States.svg
Number of elections43
Voted Democratic25
Voted Republican17
Voted Whig1
Voted other0
Voted for winning candidate31
Voted for losing candidate12

Florida is a state in the South Atlantic region of the United States. [1] Since its admission to the Union in March 1845, it has participated in every United States presidential elections, with the 1848 election being the first. In this election, the Whig Party won Florida's three electoral votes with 57.20% of the vote; this was its only victory in the state. [2]

Contents

In the realigning 1860 election, Florida was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln. [3] John C. Breckinridge emerged victorious, winning 62.23% of the vote. [4] Shortly after the 1860 election, Florida seceded from the Union and became a part of the Confederacy. [5] As a result, it did not participate in the 1864 presidential election. [6]

With the end of the Civil War, Florida rejoined the Union and participated in the 1868 presidential election. This was the sole presidential election in Florida not decided by the popular vote; instead, the state legislature chose Ulysses S. Grant. [7]

Florida voted for the Republican nominee in all three presidential elections held during the Reconstruction era. [8] [9] Shortly after, white Democrats regained control of the legislature. In 1885, they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889, that disfranchised most Black people and many poor whites. [10] [11] From the end of the Reconstruction era until the 1952 presidential election, the Republican Party only won Florida once, in 1928. According to historian Herbert J. Doherty, the Republicans' victory in that election was mainly due to the fact that Al Smith, the Democratic nominee, was a Catholic and opposed to Prohibition, causing many members of the Southern Baptist Convention to switch to the Republican Party. [12] The Republican victory in 1952 has been attributed to the emergence of the Pinellas Republican Party, which attracted many voters. [13]

Since the 1952 presidential election, the Democrats have only won Florida five times: in 1964, 1976, 1996, 2008, and 2012. In 2000, George W. Bush led Al Gore by less than 2,000 votes on election day, but as the recount proceeded, the gap between the two sides continued to narrow. [14] In Bush v. Gore, the Bush campaign filed a lawsuit against Gore in the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the recounting of votes in certain counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court announced the halt of vote recounting. [15] After a lengthy judicial process, Bush eventually won Florida's electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect. [16] However, the result sparked controversy. [17]

Florida was long a swing state; furthermore, it had been seen as a bellwether in presidential elections since 1928, only voting for the non-winner in 1960, 1992 and 2020. [18] However, with the Republican Party far exceeding its national average in Florida in the 2022 midterm elections, many analysts believe that the state has transitioned from being a Republican-leaning swing state into a reliable red state, with Democratic-leaning trends in Hillsborough County, Orange County, and Osceola County unable to offset Republican gains in Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County. [19] [20]

Presidential elections

Key for parties
   Democratic Party – (D)
   Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
   Ecology Party – (E)
   Free Soil Party – (FS)
   Green Party – (G)
   Know Nothing Party – (KN)
   Libertarian Party – (LI)
   Populist Party – (PO)
   Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
   Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
   Prohibition Party – (PRO)
   Reform Party – (RE)
   Republican Party – (R)
   Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger () indicates the national winner.

1848 to 1856

Presidential elections in Florida from 1848 to 1856
YearWinnerRunner-up (nationally)Other candidate [a] EVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
1848 Zachary Taylor (W)4,120 Lewis Cass (D)3,083 Martin Van Buren (FS)
[b]
3
1852 Franklin Pierce (D)4,318 Winfield Scott (W)2,875 John P. Hale (FS)
[b]
3
1856 James Buchanan (D)6,358 John C. Frémont (R)
[b]
Millard Fillmore (KN)4,8333

1860 and 1864

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. [31] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War. [32]

1860 Presidential election in Florida
YearWinnerRunner-upRunner-upRunner-upEVRef.
CandidateVotes
(%)
CandidateVotes
(%)
CandidateVotes
(%)
CandidateVotes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD)8,277
(
John Bell (CU)4,801
(
Stephen A. Douglas (D)223
(
Abraham Lincoln (R)
[b]
4
1864
Election was not conducted in Florida as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy

1868 to present

Presidential elections in Florida from 1864 to present
YearWinnerRunner-upOther candidate [c] EVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
Ulysses S. Grant (R)
Horatio Seymour (D)
3
Ulysses S. Grant (R)17,763 Horace Greeley (LR)15,427
4
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)23,849 Samuel J. Tilden (D)22,927
4
Winfield S. Hancock (D)27,964 James A. Garfield (R)23,654
4
Grover Cleveland (D)31,769 James G. Blaine (R)28,031 John St. John (PRO)724
Grover Cleveland (D)39,557 Benjamin Harrison (R)26,529 Clinton Fisk (PRO)4144
Grover Cleveland (D)30,153 James B. Weaver (PO)4,843 John Bidwell (PRO)4754
William Jennings Bryan (D)32,756 William McKinley (R)11,298 John M. Palmer (ND)17784
William Jennings Bryan (D)28,273 William McKinley (R)7,355 John G. Woolley (PRO)2,2444
Alton B. Parker (D)27,046 Theodore Roosevelt (R)8,314 Eugene V. Debs (S)2,3375
William Jennings Bryan (D)31,104 William Howard Taft (R)10,654 Eugene V. Debs (S)3,7475
Woodrow Wilson (D)35,343 Eugene V. Debs (S)4,806 Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912)4,5556
Woodrow Wilson (D)55,984 Charles Evans Hughes (R)14,611 Allan L. Benson (S)5,3536
James M. Cox (D)90,515 Warren Harding (R)44,853 Eugene V. Debs (S)5,1896
John W. Davis (D)62,083 Calvin Coolidge (R)30,633 Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924)8,6256
Herbert Hoover (R)144,168 Al Smith (D)101,764 Norman Thomas (S)4,0366
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)206,307 Herbert Hoover (R)69,170 Norman Thomas (S)7757
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)249,117 Alfred Landon (R)78,248 Norman Thomas (S)97
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)359,334 Wendell Willkie (R)126,158Various candidates (Write-ins)1487
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)339,377 Thomas Dewey (R)143,215Various candidates (Write-ins)2118
Harry Truman (D)281,988 Thomas Dewey (R)194,280 Strom Thurmond (DI)89,7558
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)544,036 Adlai Stevenson II (D)444,950Various candidates (Write-ins)35110
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)643,849 Adlai Stevenson II (D)480,371Various candidates (Write-ins)1,54210
Richard Nixon (R)795,476 John F. Kennedy (D)748,700
10
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)948,540 Barry Goldwater (R)905,941
14
Richard Nixon (R)886,804 Hubert Humphrey (D)676,794 George Wallace (AI)624,20714
Richard Nixon (R)1,857,759 George McGovern (D)718,117Various candidates (Write-ins)7,40717
Jimmy Carter (D)1,636,000 Gerald Ford (R)1,469,531 Eugene McCarthy (I)23,64317
Ronald Reagan (R)2,046,951 Jimmy Carter (D)1,419,475 John B. Anderson (I)189,69217
Ronald Reagan (R)2,730,350 Walter Mondale (D)1,448,816 David Bergland (LI)75421
George H. W. Bush (R)2,618,885 Michael Dukakis (D)1,656,701 Ron Paul (LI)19,79621
George H. W. Bush (R)2,173,310 Bill Clinton (D)2,072,698 Ross Perot (I)1,053,06725
Bill Clinton (D)2,546,870 Bob Dole (R)2,173,310 Ross Perot (RE)483,87025
George W. Bush (R)2,912,790 Al Gore (D)2,912,253 Ralph Nader (G)97,48825
George W. Bush (R)3,964,522 John Kerry (D)3,583,544 Ralph Nader (RE)32,97127
Barack Obama (D)4,282,074 John McCain (R)4,045,624 Ralph Nader (E)28,12827
Barack Obama (D)4,237,756 Mitt Romney (R)4,163,447 Gary Johnson (LI)44,72629
Donald Trump [e] (R)4,617,886 Hillary Clinton (D)4,504,975 Gary Johnson (LI)207,04329
Donald Trump [e] (R)5,668,731 Joe Biden (D)5,297,045 Jo Jorgensen (LI)70,32429
Donald Trump (R)6,110,125 Kamala Harris (D)4,683,038 Jill Stein (G)43,15530

Graph

Results Maps

See also

Notes

  1. For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Not on ballot
  3. For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Florida.
  4. Due to the status of Reconstruction, no election was held; the three electoral votes were allocated by the Florida State Legislature to Grant.
  5. 1 2 Changed his home state from State of New York to Florida during his presidency.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1864 United States presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 8, 1864, near the end of the American Civil War. Incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily defeated the Democratic nominee, former General George B. McClellan, by a wide margin of 212–21 in the electoral college, with 55% of the popular vote. For the election, the Republican Party and some Democrats created the National Union Party, especially to attract War Democrats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electoral history of Richard Nixon</span> List of political elections featuring Richard Nixon as a candidate

Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He previously served as the 36th vice president of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and as a United States senator from 1950 to 1953 and United States representative from 1947 to 1950.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 United States presidential election in Florida</span>

The 2008 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 4, as part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose 27 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electoral history of Abraham Lincoln</span> List of political elections featuring Abraham Lincoln as a candidate

This is the electoral history of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln served one term in the United States House of Representatives from Illinois (1847–1849). He later served as the 16th president of the United States (1861–1865).

Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections is a website that provides tables, graphs, and maps for presidential (1789–present), senatorial, and gubernatorial elections. Data include candidates, parties, popular and electoral vote totals, and voter turnout. County-level data is available for many years, and all data are compiled from official sources. Leip's Atlas has been cited as a "preferred source for election results" by statistician and political pundit Nate Silver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Alaska</span> Alaska US Presidential election result

Since Alaska's admission to the Union in January 1959, it has participated in 16 United States presidential elections, always having 3 electoral votes. In the 1960 presidential election, Alaska was narrowly won by the Republican Party's candidate and incumbent vice president Richard Nixon, defeating the Democratic Party's candidate John F. Kennedy by a margin of just 1.88%. In the 1964 presidential election, the Democratic Party's candidate Lyndon B. Johnson won Alaska in a national Democratic landslide victory. Since the 1964 election, Alaska has been won by the Republican Party in every presidential election. However, no Republican candidate has gotten 55% of the statewide vote since 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Arizona</span>

Since Arizona's admission to the Union in February 1912, it has participated in 28 United States presidential elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Arkansas</span>

Arkansas is a state in the South Central region of the United States. Since its admission to the Union in June 1836, it has participated in 46 United States presidential elections. In the realigning 1860 election, Arkansas was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln. Subsequently, John C. Breckinridge won the state by a comfortable margin, becoming the first third party candidate to win Arkansas. Soon after this election, Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. Following the secession, Arkansas did not participate in the 1864 presidential election. After the Civil War, Arkansas was readmitted to the Union in 1868. In the 1872 election, all six of Arkansas's electoral votes were invalidated due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in California</span> Presidential elections in California

Since being admitted to the Union in 1850, California has participated in 43 presidential elections. A bellwether from 1888 to 1996, voting for the losing candidates only three times in that span, California has become a reliable state for Democratic presidential candidates since 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Connecticut</span>

Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the United States. One of the original Thirteen Colonies, Connecticut has participated in all fifty-nine U.S. presidential elections since the American Revolution. In the early days of the United States, Connecticut was known for supporting the conservative Federalist Party. In the Second Party System, Connecticut leaned towards the anti-Jackson candidates. Following the Civil War, Connecticut was a swing state for a long time until 1896. Thereafter until 1932, Connecticut was a Republican stronghold. During this period, Connecticut Republican Party chairman J. Henry Roraback built up a political machine which was "efficient, conservative, penurious, and in absolute control".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Hawaii</span>

Hawaii is a state in the Western United States located in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland. Since its admission to the Union in August 1959, it has participated in 16 United States presidential elections. In the 1960 presidential election, Hawaii was narrowly won by the Democratic Party's candidate John F. Kennedy, defeating the Republican Party's candidate and incumbent vice president Richard Nixon by a margin of just 0.06%. In the 1964 presidential election, the Democratic Party's candidate Lyndon B. Johnson won Hawaii by a margin of 57.52%, which remains the largest ever margin of victory in the state's history. Since the 1960 election, Hawaii has been won by the Democratic Party in every presidential election, except in 1972 and 1984, which were both won in a national Republican landslide victory by Nixon and Ronald Reagan respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in New Mexico</span>

Since New Mexico's admission to the Union in January 1912, it has participated in 29 United States presidential elections. In the 1912 presidential election, Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party's nominee, received the highest vote share (17.1%) ever won by a third-party candidate in New Mexico. In the 1932 presidential election, Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt won New Mexico, defeating Republican Herbert Hoover by 26.96%, which remains the largest ever margin of victory in the state's history. In the 2000 presidential election, Democrat Al Gore won New Mexico, defeating Republican George W. Bush by a margin of just 0.06%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in New York</span>

New York state is one the of initial 13 states of America, but due to a deadlock in the state legislature, it did not join the first presidential election in 1788–89. However, apart from this election, New York State has participated in all 58 other elections in U.S. history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Oklahoma</span>

Oklahoma is a state in the South Central region of the United States. Since it first joined the United States in 1907, Oklahoma has participated in 29 presidential elections. It was initially granted seven electoral votes, gaining three following the 1910 census. It was given an additional vote in the 1930 census, which it later lost in the 1940 census. The state's electoral votes were reduced to eight votes in the 1950 census before returning to its original seven following the 2000 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Utah</span>

Utah is a state in the Mountain West sub-region of the Western United States. Since its admission to the Union in January 1896, it has participated in 32 United States presidential elections. In the 1896 presidential election, first presidential election in which the state participated, Utah was won in a landslide by Democrat William Jennings Bryan, who received almost 83 percent of the state's vote. 1896 was the only election in which Utah voted for a losing democratic candidate. The state would quickly swing towards the Republican Party in the years that followed, although it would remain a swing state at the presidential level well into the 1940s. In the 1912 election, Utah was one of only two states won by incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft. However, the state would vote for the Democratic nominee by a large margin in 1916, 1932, 1936, 1940, and 1944, and by a narrow margin in 1948. However, since the latter election, the state has become very heavily Republican and has only voted for a Democratic presidential nominee once.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Washington (state)</span>

Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Since its admission to the Union in November 1889, the state has participated in 33 United States presidential elections. It has had twelve electoral votes since 2012, when it gained a tenth congressional district during reappropriation based on the results of the 2010 U.S. census. Washington has conducted its presidential elections through mail-in voting since 2012 for general elections and 2016 for party primaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in Wyoming</span>

Since becoming a state on July 10, 1890, Wyoming has been involved in 33 presidential elections in the United States, consistently holding 3 electoral votes. Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869, prior to joining the Union, and was the first place in America to do so. This was a significant milestone for women's suffrage and paved the way for other states to follow suit. As a state with a strong Republican tradition, Wyoming tends to favor the Republican Party in presidential elections. It has consistently voted for Republican candidates in recent decades and is considered a reliably red state. When Wyoming participated in its first presidential election in 1892, Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison won the state with 50.52% of the vote. Harrison's Democratic opponent, Grover Cleveland, who went on to win the election, did not even appear on the ballot in Wyoming.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia</span>

Since the enactment of the 23rd amendment to the Constitution in 1961, the District of Columbia has participated in 16 presidential elections. The amendment states that it cannot have any more electoral votes than the state with the smallest number of electors. Since then, it has been allocated three electoral votes in every presidential election. The Democratic Party has immense political strength in the district. In each of the 16 presidential elections, the district has overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic candidate, with no margin less than 56.5 percentage points. It has been won by the losing candidate in 9 of the 16 elections.

The following is a summary of United States presidential elections since 1828.

The Libertarian Party of Wyoming (LPWY) is the affiliate of the US Libertarian Party (LP) in Wyoming, headquartered in Riverton. As of 2021 it was the third-largest political party in Wyoming by voter registration, with a share of votes cast that has exceeded 5%.

References

  1. "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica . June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. "1848 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". U.S. Election Atlas. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  3. Burlingame, Michael (October 4, 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  5. "Museum of Florida History". Museum of Florida History . Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  6. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  7. 1 2 "The Returns". The Carson Daily Appeal. November 6, 1868. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  8. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  9. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  10. Nancy A. Hewitt (2001). Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s. University of Illinois Press. p. 22. ISBN   978-0-252-02682-9. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  11. Benson, Lee; et al. (1978). The History of American Electoral Behavior. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 210. JSTOR   j.ctt13x10rd. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  12. Doherty, Herbert J. (1947). "Florida and the Presidential Election of 1928". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 26 (2): 174–186. ISSN   0015-4113. JSTOR   30138645. Archived from the original on April 23, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  13. "A quick history of Florida's presidential politics, from Whigs to wigged out". Tampa Bay Times . Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  14. "CNN.com - Bush leads Gore by 327 votes in Florida recount, Associated Press reports - November 10, 2000". CNN . Archived from the original on February 21, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  15. Bush v. Gore , 531 U.S. 98, 103 (2000)
  16. "2000 Presidential General Election Results". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  17. Wolter, Kirk; et al. (February 1, 2003). "Reliability of the Uncertified Ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida". The American Statistician. 57 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1198/0003130031144. ISSN   0003-1305. S2CID   120778921. Archived from the original on April 23, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  18. "Florida is the true US presidential election bellwether state". Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  19. Friedersdorf, Conor (November 9, 2022). "Is Florida Still a Swing State?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  20. Breuninger, Kevin. "Florida no longer looks like a swing state after DeSantis, Rubio lead big Republican wins". CNBC . Archived from the original on February 11, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 Burnham 1955, p. 252.
  22. Leip, David. "1848 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  23. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
  24. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
  25. Leip, David. "1852 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  26. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
  27. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
  28. Leip, David. "1856 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  29. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  30. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  31. Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  32. Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. pp. 293–305. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  33. Leip, David. "1860 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  34. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
  35. "SECESSION OF FLORIDA". The New York Times . January 12, 1861. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  36. Leip, David. "1872 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burnham 1955, p. 253.
  38. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
  39. Leip, David. "1876 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  40. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  41. Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  42. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.
  43. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  44. Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  45. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  46. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
  47. Leip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  48. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
  49. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
  50. Leip, David. "1892 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  51. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  52. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  53. Leip, David. "1896 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  54. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  55. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  56. Leip, David. "1900 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  57. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  58. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  59. Leip, David. "1904 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  60. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  61. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  62. Leip, David. "1908 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  63. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  64. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
  65. Leip, David. "1912 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  66. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
  67. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
  68. Leip, David. "1916 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  69. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.
  70. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
  71. Leip, David. "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  72. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
  73. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.
  74. Leip, David. "1924 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  75. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.
  76. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 109.
  77. Leip, David. "1928 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  78. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.
  79. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.
  80. Leip, David. "1932 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  81. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.
  82. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
  83. Leip, David. "1936 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  84. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.
  85. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.
  86. Leip, David. "1940 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  87. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.
  88. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
  89. Leip, David. "1944 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  90. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.
  91. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
  92. Leip, David. "1948 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  93. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.
  94. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
  95. Leip, David. "1952 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  96. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
  97. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
  98. Leip, David. "1956 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  99. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
  100. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
  101. Leip, David. "1960 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  102. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 789.
  103. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
  104. Leip, David. "1964 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  105. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
  106. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
  107. Leip, David. "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  108. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
  109. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
  110. Leip, David. "1972 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  111. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
  112. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
  113. Leip, David. "1976 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  114. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.
  115. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 122.
  116. Leip, David. "1980 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  117. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 794.
  118. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 123.
  119. Leip, David. "1984 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  120. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 795.
  121. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 124.
  122. Leip, David. "1988 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  123. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 796.
  124. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 125.
  125. Leip, David. "1992 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  126. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
  127. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 126.
  128. Leip, David. "1996 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  129. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 798.
  130. Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 127.
  131. Leip, David. "2000 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  132. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 799.
  133. Leip, David. "2004 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  134. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 800.
  135. Leip, David. "2008 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  136. Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 801.
  137. Leip, David. "2012 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  138. "UPDATE 2-Obama's final win in Florida gives him 332 electoral votes". Reuters. November 10, 2012. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  139. Leip, David. "2016 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  140. "Florida Election Results 2016". The New York Times. August 1, 2017. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  141. "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . January 28, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  142. Leip, David. "2020 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  143. "Presidential Election Results: Biden Wins". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  144. Leip, David. "2024 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  145. "Florida Election 2024: Key Races and Historical Presidential Election Results". NBC News. November 9, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.

Works cited