United States presidential elections in Florida

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Presidential elections in Florida
Florida in United States.svg
Number of elections43
Voted Democratic25
Voted Republican17
Voted Whig1
Voted other0
Voted for winning candidate31
Voted for losing candidate12

Florida is a state in the South Atlantic region of the United States. [1] Since its admission to the Union in March 1845, it has participated in 43 United States presidential elections. Florida participated in the presidential election for the first time in 1848. In this election, the Whig Party won Florida's three electoral votes with 57.20% of the vote, the only time the Whig Party won in Florida. [2] In the realigning 1860 election, Florida was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln. [3] In the 1860 presidential election, John C. Breckinridge emerged victorious in Florida, winning 62.23% of the vote. [4] Shortly after this election, Florida seceded from the Union and became a part of the Confederacy. [5] Due to the secession, Florida did not participate in the 1864 presidential election. [6] With the end of the Civil War, Florida rejoined the Union and participated in the 1868 presidential election. The 1868 election was the sole presidential contest in Florida not decided by popular vote, but instead by the state legislature. [7] Florida voted for the Republican nominee in all three presidential elections during the Reconstruction era. [8] [9]

Contents

Shortly after the Reconstruction era, white Democrats regained control of the Florida legislature. In 1885, they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites. [10] [11] From the end of the Reconstruction era until the 1952 presidential election, the Republican Party only won Florida once, in the 1928 presidential election. According to historian Herbert J. Doherty, Republican victory in that election was mainly due to the fact that its Democratic opponent Al Smith was a Catholic and opposed to Prohibition, which caused many members of the Southern Baptist Convention to switch to the Republican Party. [12]

From 1948 to 1952, the emergence of the Pinellas Republican Party attracted a lot of voters. [13] Since the presidential election in 1952, the Democrats have won Florida in only five presidential elections: 1964, 1976, 1996, 2008, and 2012. In the 2000 presidential election, George W. Bush led Al Gore by less than 2,000 votes on election day, but as the recount proceeded, the gap between the two sides continued to narrow. [14] In Bush v. Gore, the Bush campaign filed a lawsuit against Gore in the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the recounting of votes in certain counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court announced the halt of vote recounting. [15] After a lengthy judicial process, Bush eventually won Florida's electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect. [16] However, the result sparked controversy. [17]

Florida was long a swing state, and furthermore, it had been seen as a bellwether in presidential elections since 1928 (only missed in 1960, 1992 and 2020). [18] However, with the Republican Party's performance in Florida far exceeding its national average in the 2022 midterm elections, many analysts believe that the state has transitioned from being a Republican-leaning swing state into a reliable red state, with Democratic-leaning trends in Hillsborough County, Orange County and Osceola County not being able to offset Republican gains in Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County [19] [20]

Presidential elections

Key for parties
   American Independent Party – (AI)
   Constitutional Union Party – (CU)
   Democratic Party – (D)
   Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
   Ecology Party – (E)
   Free Soil Party – (FS)
   Green Party – (G)
   Independent candidate – (I)
   Know Nothing Party – (KN)
   Liberal Republican Party – (LR)
   Libertarian Party – (LI)
   National Democratic Party – (ND)
   Populist Party – (PO)
   Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
   Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
   Prohibition Party – (PRO)
   Reform Party – (RE)
   Republican Party – (R)
   Socialist Party of America – (S)
   Southern Democratic Party – (SD)
   Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1848 to 1856

Presidential elections in Florida from 1848 to 1856
YearWinnerRunner-up (nationally)Other candidate [lower-alpha 1] EVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
1848 Zachary Taylor (W)‡4,120 Lewis Cass (D)7,587 Martin Van Buren (FS)
–
3
1852 Franklin Pierce (D)‡4,318 Winfield Scott (W)2,875 John P. Hale (FS)
–
3
1856 James Buchanan (D)‡6,358 John C. Frémont (R)
–
 Millard Fillmore (KN)4,8333

1860 and 1864

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. [31] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War. [32]

1860 Presidential election in Florida
YearWinnerRunner-upRunner-upRunner-upEVRef.
CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD)8,277
(		 John Bell (CU)4,801
(		 Stephen A. Douglas (D)223
(		 Abraham Lincoln (R)‡4
1864
Election was not conducted in Florida as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy

1868 to present

Presidential elections in Florida from 1864 to present
YearWinnerRunner-upOther candidate [lower-alpha 3] EVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡
–
–
 Horatio Seymour (D)
–
–
–
–
–
3
Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡17,763 Horace Greeley (LR)15,427
–
–
–
4
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)‡23,849 Samuel J. Tilden (D)22,927
–
–
–
4
Winfield S. Hancock (D)27,964 James A. Garfield (R)‡23,654
–
–
–
4
Grover Cleveland (D)‡31,769 James G. Blaine (R)28,031 John St. John (PRO)724
Grover Cleveland (D)39,557 Benjamin Harrison (R)‡26,529 Clinton Fisk (PRO)4144
Grover Cleveland (D)‡30,153 James B. Weaver (PO)4,843 John Bidwell (PRO)4754
William Jennings Bryan (D)32,756 William McKinley (R)‡11,298 John M. Palmer (ND)17784
William Jennings Bryan (D)28,273 William McKinley (R)‡7,355 John G. Woolley (PRO)2,2444
Alton B. Parker (D)27,046 Theodore Roosevelt (R)‡8,314 Eugene V. Debs (S)2,3375
William Jennings Bryan (D)31,104 William Howard Taft (R)‡10,654 Eugene V. Debs (S)3,7475
Woodrow Wilson (D)‡35,343 Eugene V. Debs (S)4,806 Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912)4,5556
Woodrow Wilson (D)‡55,984 Charles Evans Hughes (R)14,611 Allan L. Benson (S)5,3536
James M. Cox (D)90,515 Warren Harding (R)‡44,853 Eugene V. Debs (S)5,1896
John W. Davis (D)62,083 Calvin Coolidge (R)‡30,633 Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924)8,6256
Herbert Hoover (R)‡144,168 Al Smith (D)101,764 Norman Thomas (S)4,0366
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡206,307 Herbert Hoover (R)69,170 Norman Thomas (S)7757
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡249,117 Alfred Landon (R)78,248 Norman Thomas (S)9≈7
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡359,334 Wendell Willkie (R)126,158Various candidates (Write-ins)1487
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡339,377 Thomas Dewey (R)143,215Various candidates (Write-ins)2118
Harry Truman (D)‡281,988 Thomas Dewey (R)194,280 Strom Thurmond (DI)89,7558
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡544,036 Adlai Stevenson II (D)444,950Various candidates (Write-ins)35110
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡643,849 Adlai Stevenson II (D)480,371Various candidates (Write-ins)1,54210
Richard Nixon (R)795,476 John F. Kennedy (D)‡748,700
–
–
–
10
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)‡948,540 Barry Goldwater (R)905,941
–
–
–
14
Richard Nixon (R)‡886,804 Hubert Humphrey (D)676,794 George Wallace (AI)905,94114
Richard Nixon (R)‡1,857,759 George McGovern (D)718,117Various candidates (Write-ins)7,40717
Jimmy Carter (D)‡1,636,000 Gerald Ford (R)1,469,531 Eugene McCarthy (I)23,64317
Ronald Reagan (R)‡2,046,951 Jimmy Carter (D)1,419,475 John B. Anderson (I)189,69217
Ronald Reagan (R)‡2,730,350 Walter Mondale (D)1,448,816 David Bergland (LI)75421
George H. W. Bush (R)‡2,618,885 Michael Dukakis (D)1,656,701 Ron Paul (LI)19,79621
George H. W. Bush (R)2,173,310 Bill Clinton (D)‡2,072,698 Ross Perot (I)1,053,06725
Bill Clinton (D)‡2,546,870 Bob Dole (R)2,173,310 Ross Perot (RE)483,87025
George W. Bush (R)‡2,912,790 Al Gore (D)2,912,253 Ralph Nader (G)97,48825
George W. Bush (R)‡3,964,522 John Kerry (D)3,583,544 Ralph Nader (RE)32,97127
Barack Obama (D)‡4,282,074 John McCain (R)4,045,624 Ralph Nader (E)28,12827
Barack Obama (D)‡4,237,756 Mitt Romney (R)4,163,447 Gary Johnson (LI)44,72629
Donald Trump [lower-alpha 5] (R)‡4,617,886 Hillary Clinton (D)4,504,975 Gary Johnson (LI)207,04329
Donald Trump [lower-alpha 5] (R)5,668,731 Joe Biden (D)‡5,297,045 Jo Jorgensen (LI)70,32429

Graph

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Not on ballot
  3. ↑ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Florida.
  4. ↑ Due to the status of Reconstruction, no election was held; the three electoral votes were allocated by the Florida State Legislature to Grant.
  5. 1 2 Changed his home state from State of New York to Florida during his presidency.

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References

  1. ↑ "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica . June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. ↑ "1848 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  3. ↑ Burlingame, Michael (October 4, 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  5. ↑ "Museum of Florida History". Museum of Florida History . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  6. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  7. 1 2 "The Returns". The Carson Daily Appeal. November 6, 1868. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  8. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  9. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  10. ↑ Nancy A. Hewitt (2001). Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s. University of Illinois Press. p. 22. ISBN   978-0-252-02682-9. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  11. ↑ Benson, Lee; et al. (1978). The History of American Electoral Behavior. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 210. JSTOR   j.ctt13x10rd . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  12. ↑ Doherty, Herbert J. (1947). "Florida and the Presidential Election of 1928". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 26 (2): 174–186. ISSN   0015-4113. JSTOR   30138645 . Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  13. ↑ "A quick history of Florida's presidential politics, from Whigs to wigged out". Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  14. ↑ "CNN.com - Bush leads Gore by 327 votes in Florida recount, Associated Press reports - November 10, 2000". CNN . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  15. ↑ Bush v. Gore , 531 U.S. 98, 103 (2000)
  16. ↑ "2000 Presidential General Election Results". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  17. ↑ Wolter, Kirk; et al. (February 1, 2003). "Reliability of the Uncertified Ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida". The American Statistician. 57 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1198/0003130031144. ISSN   0003-1305. S2CID   120778921.
  18. ↑ "Florida is the true US presidential election bellwether state". Al Jazeera . Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  19. ↑ Friedersdorf, Conor (November 9, 2022). "Is Florida Still a Swing State?". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  20. ↑ Breuninger, Kevin. "Florida no longer looks like a swing state after DeSantis, Rubio lead big Republican wins". CNBC . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 Burnham 1955, p. 252.
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  23. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
  24. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
  25. ↑ Leip, David. "1852 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  26. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
  27. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
  28. ↑ Leip, David. "1856 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  29. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  30. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  31. ↑ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  32. ↑ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. pp. 293–305. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  33. ↑ Leip, David. "1860 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  34. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
  35. ↑ "SECESSION OF FLORIDA". The New York Times . January 12, 1861. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  36. ↑ Leip, David. "1872 Presidential General Election Results - Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burnham 1955, p. 253.
  38. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
  39. ↑ Leip, David. "1876 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  40. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  41. ↑ Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  42. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.
  43. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  44. ↑ Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  45. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  46. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
  47. ↑ Leip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  48. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
  49. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
  50. ↑ Leip, David. "1892 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  51. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  52. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  53. ↑ Leip, David. "1896 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  54. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  55. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  56. ↑ Leip, David. "1900 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  57. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  58. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  59. ↑ Leip, David. "1904 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  60. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  61. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  62. ↑ Leip, David. "1908 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  63. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  64. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
  65. ↑ Leip, David. "1912 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  66. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
  67. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
  68. ↑ Leip, David. "1916 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  69. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.
  70. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
  71. ↑ Leip, David. "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  72. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
  73. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.
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  138. ↑ "UPDATE 2-Obama's final win in Florida gives him 332 electoral votes". Reuters. November 10, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
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  141. ↑ "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . January 28, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
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