1998 Florida Amendment 8

Last updated
1998 Florida Amendment 8
Flag of Florida.svg
Merges cabinet offices of treasurer and comptroller into one chief financial officer; reduces cabinet membership to chief financial officer, attorney general, agriculture commissioner; secretary of state and education commissioner eliminated from elected cabinet; secretary of state duties defined by law; changes composition of state board of education from governor and cabinet to board appointed by governor; board appoints education commissioner; defines state board of administration, trustees of internal improvement trust fund, land acquisition trust fund.
Results
Choice
Votes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svgYes1,950,31155.52%
Light brown x.svgNo1,562,23444.48%
Valid votes3,512,545100.00%
Invalid or blank votes00.00%
Total votes3,512,545100.00%

1998 Florida Amendment 8.svg
County Results
Source: Florida Department of State [1]

Florida Amendment 8 is an amendment to the Florida state constitution that was passed on November 3, 1998. This amendment, which had first been put forth by the Florida Constitutional Revision Commission, amended articles 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, and 13 of Florida's state constitution in an attempt to restructure the cabinet. [2]

Background

Florida's executive cabinet had been created following the end of Reconstruction. The cabinet had been created to decentralize power away from Florida's Governor due to a distrust of the federally appointed governors. The original cabinet consisted of six independently elected officers whose offices dealt with different fields and all had a vote equal with the Governor when it came to executive decisions. The original members of the cabinet were:

By the 1990s, as Florida developed economically and socially, and also that the original fears of federally appointed governors was no longer a factor, there began a movement to reform the state cabinet. When it met for the second time ever in 1998, the Florida Constitution Revision Commission proposed thirteen amendments that were to be approved by voters, one of which dealt with reforming the cabinet. The amendment shrinked the cabinet to having only three elected members, the Attorney General, Chief Financial Officer , and Agriculture Commissioner. The Chief Financial Officer was a new office which came about by combining the offices of Treasurer/Insurance Commissioner/Fire Marshal and Comptroller. The Cabinet also lost its control over the Florida Department of Education: management of K–12 education and community college education which was shifted to the new Florida Board of Education and management of the State University System of Florida to the new Florida Board of Governors. Some environmental policy powers of the Cabinet were shifted to other officials as well. The reforms were seen as ways to strengthen the power of the governor. [3]


Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governor of Maryland</span> Head of state and of the executive branch of government of the U.S. State of Maryland

The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution. Because of the extent of these constitutional powers, the governor of Maryland has been ranked as being among the most powerful governors in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Carolina Council of State</span> Collective decision-making body of the state

The North Carolina Council of State is the collective body of ten elective executive offices in the state government of North Carolina, all of which are established by the state constitution. The Council of State includes the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Attorney General, Commissioner of Agriculture, Commissioner of Labor, and Commissioner of Insurance. Together with the North Carolina Cabinet and several independent agencies, the Council of State offices constitute the executive branch of North Carolina's state government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Maryland</span> State government of the United States

The government of Maryland is conducted according to the Maryland Constitution. The United States is a federation; consequently, the government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Gallagher</span> American politician

C. Thomas Gallagher III is an American politician, financier, and insurance agent from the state of Florida and a member of the Republican Party. Gallagher holds the distinction of having served more years as an elected state official than any other individual in Florida history. He began his career in the Florida House of Representatives, where he served from 1974 to 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Florida</span> Principles, institutions and law of political governance in the U.S. state of Florida

The Constitution of the State of Florida is the document that establishes and describes the powers, duties, structure, and function of the government of the U.S. state of Florida, and establishes the basic law of the state. The current Constitution of Florida was ratified on November 5, 1968.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Florida Cabinet</span> Body of the Florida state government

The Florida Cabinet is a body of the government of Florida comprising the attorney general, the commissioner of agriculture, and the chief financial officer that engages in the collective governance of the state.

The Treasurer/Insurance Commissioner/Fire Marshal is a former statewide constitutional officer of Florida. The office was abolished following the Florida Cabinet reforms of 1998 which took effect in 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief Financial Officer of Florida</span> Elected statewide constitutional officer of Florida

The chief financial officer of Florida is an elected statewide constitutional officer of Florida. The office was created in 2002 following the 1998 reforms of the Florida Cabinet. The CFO is a combination of the former offices of comptroller and treasurer/insurance commissioner/fire marshal. The office heads the Florida Department of Financial Services and is responsible for overseeing the state's finances, collecting revenue, paying state bills, auditing state agencies, regulating cemeteries and funerals, and handling fires and arsons. In addition, the CFO has administrative oversight over the offices which handles banking and insurance regulation. The CFO is a member of the Cabinet, and is third in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California executive branch</span> Executive branch of the California state government

The California executive branch consists of elected officers and other offices and officers. The elected executive officers are:

In the United States, state governments are institutional units exercising functions of government at a level below that of the federal government. Each U.S. state's government holds legislative, executive, and judicial authority over a defined geographic territory. The United States comprises 50 states: 9 of the Thirteen Colonies that were already part of the United States at the time the Constitution took effect in 1789, 4 that ratified the Constitution after its commencement, plus 37 that have been admitted since by Congress as authorized under Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Tennessee</span>

The Government of Tennessee is organized under the provisions of the 1870 Constitution of Tennessee, first adopted in 1796. As set forth by the state constitution, administrative influence in Tennessee is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Illinois Comptroller</span> U.S. state constitutional officer position

The Comptroller of Illinois is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Illinois. Ten individuals have held the office of Comptroller since the enactment of the Illinois Constitution of 1970, replacing the prior office of Auditor of Public Accounts that was first created in 1799. The incumbent is Susana Mendoza, a Democrat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Illinois Treasurer</span> Elected official

The Treasurer of Illinois is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Illinois. Seventy-four individuals have occupied the office of Treasurer since statehood. The incumbent is Mike Frerichs, a Democrat. A former Champaign County auditor and state senator, Frerichs was first elected to lead the state treasury in 2014 following a close race with Republican candidate Tom Cross.

The following tables indicate party affiliation in the U.S. state of Florida for the individual elected offices of:

The Florida comptroller was the state comptroller of Florida from 1845 to 2003. The comptroller was a member of the Florida Cabinet and was elected by the Florida Legislature until 1865, when it became an elected office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. C. Luning</span> American politician

John Christian Luning was a mayor of the town of Leesburg, Florida, during the 1890s and Lake County Commissioner. He would go on to serve the shortest term as Florida's Commissioner of Agriculture for 14 days before going on to serve as State Treasurer of Florida. He was part of a group of Florida leaders known as the "Three Musketeers" – along with James B. Whitfield and William V. Knott – and had a bright political future before his sudden death in September 1928.

In the United States, each state and territory has constitutional officers who lead the state governments of the United States. These officers may be elected or appointed, depending on the position. The number and powers of state constitutional officers varies from state to state, based on the constitution and statutes of each state. State constitutional officers may reside in the executive or legislative branch, while state constitutions also establish the judicial system of the state, including state supreme courts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Illinois elections</span>

Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 6, 1990. The primary elections were held on March 20, 1990.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1978 Illinois elections</span>

Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 7, 1978.

This local electoral calendar for 2022 lists the subnational elections held in 2022. Referendums, recall and retention elections, and national by-elections are also included.

References

  1. "November 3, 1998 General Election". Florida Secretary of State. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  2. "Florida Restructuring the State Cabinet, Amendment 8 (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  3. "Florida Secretary of State, Division of Elections, "Initiative Information"". Florida Secretary of State. Retrieved December 30, 2022.