Elections in Florida |
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Government |
Elections in Florida are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in even-numbered years, as provided for in Article 6 of the Florida Constitution. [1] For state elections, the Governor of Florida, Lieutenant Governor, and the members of the Florida Cabinet, and members of the Florida Senate are elected every four years; members of the Florida House of Representatives are elected every two years.
In a 2020 study, Florida was ranked as the 11th hardest state for citizens to vote in. [2]
All citizens of the United States, over the age of eighteen and who are permanent residents of the state, may register to vote as a qualified elector of Florida unless they are convicted of a felony or found to be mentally incompetent.
Year | Democratic | Republican |
---|---|---|
1952 | 74.8%624,463 | 25.2% 210,009 |
1956 | 73.7%747,753 | 26.3% 266,980 |
1960 | 59.8%849,407 | 40.1% 569,936 |
1964 | 56.1%933,554 | 41.3% 686,297 |
1966 | 44.9% 668,233 | 55.1%821,190 |
1970 | 56.9%984,305 | 43.1% 746,243 |
1974 | 61.2%1,118,954 | 38.8% 709,438 |
1978 | 55.6%1,406,580 | 44.4% 1,123,888 |
1982 | 64.7%1,739,553 | 35.3% 949,013 |
1986 | 45.4% 1,538,620 | 54.6%1,847,525 |
1990 | 56.5%1,995,206 | 43.5% 1,535,068 |
1994 | 50.8%2,135,008 | 49.2% 2,071,068 |
1998 | 44.7% 1,773,054 | 55.3%2,191,105 |
2002 | 43.2% 2,201,427 | 56.0%2,856,845 |
2006 | 45.1% 2,178,289 | 52.2%2,519,845 |
2010 | 47.7% 2,557,785 | 48.9%2,619,335 |
2014 | 47.1% 2,801,198 | 48.1%2,865,343 |
2018 | 49.2% 4,043,723 | 49.6%4,076,186 |
2022 | 40.0% 3,105,469 | 59.4%4,613,783 |
The Governor of Florida, Lieutenant Governor, and the members of the Florida Cabinet are elected every four years. Members of the Florida House of Representatives are elected every two years, while members of the Florida Senate are elected every four years.
Candidates for the Florida legislature may serve no more than 2 consecutive terms (8 years) as Senator, or 4 consecutive terms (8 years) as Representative.
Voters determine whether judges at the state level should be retained, at the end of their respective term. Since this law was enacted in 1974, no judge has ever been removed from office by failure of retention. [4]
Florida received international attention for its role in the 2000 presidential election, where George W. Bush led Al Gore by only a couple of hundred votes when the Supreme Court of the United States ended a recount. It had also played a role in the equally contested 1876 presidential election and is often seen as one of the key swing states in presidential elections. [5]
Florida held its 2008 presidential primary on January 29, 2008 after a bill was passed in May 2007 moving it sooner on the electoral calendar. [6] This move was in violation of party rules restricting primaries held before February 5 to Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, and South Carolina. The Democratic Party eventually decided to strip Florida of all its 210 delegates at the Democrats' convention, while the Republicans stripped Florida of half its delegates to the GOP convention. A federal judge dismissed a suit from Democratic Senator Bill Nelson against the DNC and chairman Howard Dean to overturn this decision. [7]
Year | Republican / Whig | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2024 | 6,110,125 | 55.87% | 4,683,038 | 42.82% | 142,302 | 1.30% |
2020 | 5,668,731 | 51.11% | 5,297,045 | 47.76% | 125,982 | 1.14% |
2016 | 4,617,886 | 48.60% | 4,504,975 | 47.41% | 379,886 | 4.00% |
2012 | 4,163,447 | 49.03% | 4,237,756 | 49.90% | 90,972 | 1.07% |
2008 | 4,046,219 | 48.10% | 4,282,367 | 50.91% | 83,662 | 0.99% |
2004 | 3,964,522 | 52.10% | 3,583,544 | 47.09% | 61,744 | 0.81% |
2000 | 2,912,790 | 48.85% | 2,912,253 | 48.84% | 138,067 | 2.32% |
1996 | 2,244,536 | 42.32% | 2,546,870 | 48.02% | 512,388 | 9.66% |
1992 | 2,173,310 | 40.89% | 2,072,698 | 39.00% | 1,068,384 | 20.10% |
1988 | 2,618,885 | 60.87% | 1,656,701 | 38.51% | 26,727 | 0.62% |
1984 | 2,730,350 | 65.32% | 1,448,816 | 34.66% | 885 | 0.02% |
1980 | 2,046,951 | 55.52% | 1,419,475 | 38.50% | 220,600 | 5.98% |
1976 | 1,469,531 | 46.64% | 1,636,000 | 51.93% | 45,100 | 1.43% |
1972 | 1,857,759 | 71.91% | 718,117 | 27.80% | 7,407 | 0.29% |
1968 | 886,804 | 40.53% | 676,794 | 30.93% | 624,207 | 28.53% |
1964 | 905,941 | 48.85% | 948,540 | 51.15% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 795,476 | 51.51% | 748,700 | 48.49% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 643,849 | 57.27% | 480,371 | 42.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 544,036 | 54.99% | 444,950 | 44.97% | 351 | 0.04% |
1948 | 194,280 | 33.63% | 281,988 | 48.82% | 101,375 | 17.55% |
1944 | 143,215 | 29.68% | 339,377 | 70.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
1940 | 126,158 | 25.99% | 359,334 | 74.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 78,248 | 23.90% | 249,117 | 76.08% | 67 | 0.02% |
1932 | 69,170 | 25.04% | 206,307 | 74.68% | 775 | 0.28% |
1928 | 144,168 | 56.83% | 101,764 | 40.12% | 7,742 | 3.05% |
1924 | 30,633 | 28.06% | 62,083 | 56.88% | 16,438 | 15.06% |
1920 | 44,853 | 30.79% | 90,515 | 62.13% | 10,313 | 7.08% |
1916 | 14,611 | 18.10% | 55,984 | 69.34% | 10,139 | 12.56% |
1912 | 4,279 | 8.42% | 35,343 | 69.52% | 11,215 | 22.06% |
1908 | 10,654 | 21.58% | 31,104 | 63.01% | 7,602 | 15.40% |
1904 | 8,314 | 21.15% | 27,046 | 68.80% | 3,949 | 10.05% |
1900 | 7,355 | 18.55% | 28,273 | 71.31% | 4,021 | 10.14% |
1896 | 11,298 | 24.30% | 32,756 | 70.46% | 2,434 | 5.24% |
1892 | 0 | 0.00% | 30,153 | 85.01% | 5,318 | 14.99% |
1888 | 26,529 | 39.89% | 39,557 | 59.48% | 414 | 0.62% |
1884 | 28,031 | 46.73% | 31,769 | 52.96% | 190 | 0.32% |
1880 | 23,654 | 45.83% | 27,964 | 54.17% | 0 | 0.00% |
1876 | 23,849 | 50.99% | 22,927 | 49.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
1872 | 17,763 | 53.52% | 15,427 | 46.48% | 0 | 0.00% |
1860 | 0 | 0.00% | 223 | 1.68% | 13,078 | 98.32% |
1856 | 0 | 0.00% | 6,358 | 56.81% | 4,833 | 43.19% |
1852 | 2,875 | 39.97% | 4,318 | 60.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
1848 | 4,120 | 57.20% | 3,083 | 42.80% | 0 | 0.00% |
In the first half of the 19th century, the right to vote was held only by white males aged 21 and over. After 1920, women were able to vote with the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1937, the requirement to pay a poll tax was repealed by the state legislature, allowing poorer Floridians to vote, and in 1944 the United States Supreme Court invalidated a system of white-only primary elections. [8]
Florida was originally part of the Solid South, as Democrats overwhelmingly won state and federal elections during the hundred years following the Civil War. However, in 1937, the requirement to pay a poll tax was repealed by the state legislature, allowing poorer Floridians to vote, and coupled with a growing tourist industry in the mid-20th century that attracted Northern retirees, the state became electorally competitive earlier than the rest of the South. Since 1928, the state has only voted for the losing presidential candidate three times, all for losing Republicans in 1960, 1992, and 2020. [9] In 1966, Claude Kirk was elected the first Republican governor of Florida since Reconstruction. [10] This was followed in 1968, with Republicans winning a Senate seat in the state for the first time since Reconstruction.
The Florida Elections Commission was established in 1973. In 2005, Jeb Bush signed a bill to abolish primary runoff elections, [11] resulting in all primary and general elections being determined by plurality rather than majority.
The state is dominated by Republicans on the state level, as Democrats have not held the governorship or either house of the legislature since 1999. Republicans currently have veto-proof majorities in both houses of the Florida legislature. [12] However, the state has become increasingly Republican since the late 2010s, as in 2018, Republicans captured both Senate seats in the state for the first time since Reconstruction. [13] In 2020, Florida voted 7.8 points right of the nation as a whole, the furthest it has voted from the nation since 1988, and it was the first election since 1992 that Florida backed the losing candidate. In 2022, Republicans won their largest statewide victories since Reconstruction and neared 60% of the vote. In 2021, registered Republicans surpassed Democrats for the first time in state history. [14]
On August 8, 2018 Senator Bill Nelson told the Tampa Bay Times that Florida's voting system had been penetrated by Russian hacking efforts. Senator Nelson noted that the likely target of hacking efforts was voter rolls for the state. [15]
During DEF CON 26 in 2018, an 11-year-old reportedly hacked into a Florida state election website replica in just 10 minutes by taking advantage of expired SSL certificates. The participants of this event also discovered vulnerabilities of the state voting machines via the memory card and rendering a voter's ballot invalid. [16]
In May 2019, Republican Florida Governor Ron DeSantis announced Russians hacked voting databases in two Florida counties prior to the 2016 presidential election and no election results were compromised. [17] [18] [19]
The following statistics show party affiliation of registered Florida voters:
The Solid South was the electoral voting bloc for the Democratic Party in the Southern United States between the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. During this period, the Democratic Party controlled southern state legislatures and most local, state and federal officeholders in the South were Democrats. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, Southern Democrats disenfranchised nearly all blacks in all the former Confederate states. This resulted in a one-party system, in which a candidate's victory in Democratic primary elections was tantamount to election to the office itself. White primaries were another means that the Democrats used to consolidate their political power, excluding blacks from voting.
Southern Democrats are members of the U.S. Democratic Party who reside in the Southern United States.
Political party strength in U.S. states is the level of representation of the various political parties in the United States in each statewide elective office providing legislators to the state and to the U.S. Congress and electing the executives at the state and national level.
The Florida Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Florida, headquartered in Tallahassee. Former commissioner of agriculture Nikki Fried is the current chair.
The politics of Louisiana involve political parties, laws and the state constitution, and the many other groups that influence the governance of the state. The state was a one-party Deep South state dominated by the Democratic Party from the end of Reconstruction to the 1960s, forming the backbone of the "Solid South." This was due to the near-total disenfranchisement of the state's large African-American population during this time, who mostly voted Republican. The Civil Rights era turned the state into a competitive one on the federal level, as it voted for the nationwide winner in every election between 1972 and 2004. It remained Democratic on the state and local level until the turn of the 21st century, allowing Republicans to win control of the state legislature and every statewide office in 2011. Republicans won a United States Senate seat for Louisiana in the election of 2004, for the first time since 1876. Republicans captured both seats in the election of 2014 for the first time since 1872. In the election of 2008, the state voted for a losing presidential candidate for the first time since 1968. Democrats won less than 40% of the presidential popular vote in the state in the elections of 2016 and 2020.
The political balance in Louisiana was heavily affected by the post-Hurricane Katrina departure from New Orleans. Heavily Democratic New Orleans lost some 1/3 of its population. The overall effect reduced the Democrats' base of support in the state and turned Louisiana into a Republican-leaning state thereafter. New Orleans remained Democratic, electing Mitch Landrieu as mayor in February 2010. In the 2008 elections, Louisiana sent a mixed result, with the election of U.S. Senator John McCain for President and the reelection of Democratic U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu. The other senator, at the time, was Republican David Vitter.
Elections in the U.S. state of New Hampshire are held at national, state and local level. The state holds the first presidential primary in the national cycle. Elections for a range of state positions coincide with biennial elections for the House of Representatives.
Politics of Florida reflect a state that has experienced conflict between its liberal southern region and its traditionally conservative northern region. Politics often revolve around budgeting and how money for budgets should be raised.
Elections in Wisconsin are held to fill various local, state, and federal seats. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time.
The following tables indicate party affiliation in the U.S. state of Florida for the individual elected offices of:
The Government of Mississippi is the government of the U.S. state of Mississippi. Power in Mississippi's government is distributed by the state's Constitution between the executive and legislative branches. The state's current governor is Tate Reeves. The Mississippi Legislature consists of the House of Representatives and Senate. Mississippi is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd numbered years. Mississippi holds elections for these offices every four years in the years preceding Presidential election years.
Various kinds of elections in Connecticut occurs annually in each of the state's cities and towns, the exact type of which is dependent on the year. Elections for federal and statewide offices occur in even-numbered years, while municipal elections occur in odd-numbered ones. The office of the Connecticut Secretary of State oversees the election process, including voting and vote counting. In a 2020 study, Connecticut was ranked as the 20th easiest state for citizens to vote in.
Some type of election in Idaho occurs annually in each of the state's cities and towns, the exact type of which is dependent on the year. Elections for federal and statewide offices occur in even-numbered years, while municipal elections occur in odd-numbered years.
Elections in Alabama are authorized under the Alabama State Constitution, which establishes elections for the state level officers, cabinet, and legislature, and the election of county-level officers, including members of school boards.
The 2016 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. Republican nominee Donald Trump defeated Democratic former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the presidential election, while Republicans retained control of Congress. This marked the first time Republicans won or held unified control of the presidency and Congress since 2004, and would not do so again until 2024.
The 2018 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections occurred during Incumbent Republican president Donald Trump's first term. Although the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate, unified Republican control of Congress and the White House was brought to an end when the Democratic Party won control of the House of Representatives in what was widely characterized as a "blue wave" election as Democrats also gained governorships, other statewide offices, and state legislative chambers.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 8, 2022, in 36 states and three territories. As most governors serve four-year terms, the last regular gubernatorial elections for all but two of the seats took place in the 2018 U.S. gubernatorial elections. The gubernatorial elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, as part of the 2022 midterm elections.
The 1948 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 2, 1948. Voters chose eight electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Florida was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Florida voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Florida has 30 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state gained a seat.
A general election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022, to elect candidates throughout Florida, as part of the 2022 midterm elections. The results of the elections showed strong Republican Party outcomes, as every statewide Republican candidate won in a landslide. The Florida Republican Party also expanded its majority in the state legislature and won 20 out of Florida's 28 U.S. House seats.
Both parties are waging legal battles around the country over who gets to vote and how
State legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through this year, 2020