Hurricane Jeanne

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 7, accompanied by scattered convection, or thunderstorms. It continued westward across the Atlantic Ocean, steered by a ridge to the north. [1] [2] Further organization was hampered by wind shear produced by Hurricane Ivan in the Caribbean. [3] On September 11, convection became slightly better organized as the wave approached the Lesser Antilles, with some broad cyclonic turning. [4] [5] Late on September 13, the system developed into Tropical Depression Eleven about 70 mi (110 km) east-southeast of Guadeloupe. [6] At 04:00  UTC on September 14, the depression crossed the island. Later that day it strengthened into a tropical storm, named Jeanne by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). [1]

The developing tropical storm formed rainbands, well-defined outflow, and a tight inner-core, fueled by the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. [7] [8] Continuing to the west-northwest, Jeanne made landfall near Guayama, Puerto Rico at 16:00 UTC on September 15 with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). [1] As it moved ashore, Jeanne was in the process of developing an eye. [9] While crossing the island, Jeanne maintained its eye feature, and it intensified further over the Mona Passage. At 11:00 UTC, Jeanne attained hurricane status as it struck the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic on September 16. It quickly weakened over land, and late on September 17, Jeanne emerged back into the Atlantic Ocean as a tropical depression. Around that time, the NHC noted the potential that Jeanne could strike the southeastern United States in about five days; however, there was uncertainty in the forecast related to the remnants of Hurricane Ivan and a building ridge. [10]

Jeanne's original circulation dissipated as a new vorticity developed closer to the convection, and it soon regained tropical storm status. The storm moved northward through the Turks and Caicos Islands and slowly reorganized. Late on September 20, Jeanne re-attained hurricane status while passing northeast of the Bahamas. Around this time, it turned to the east and began executing a clockwise loop. [1] A large eye developed, [11] and the hurricane crossed over its former track on September 23. By this time, cooler waters from upwelling caused Jeanne to weaken briefly, followed by re-intensification on September 24. [1] As it moved toward warmer waters, Jeanne's central convection intensified as its outflow improved. [12] [13] At 12:00 UTC on September 25, Jeanne became a Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, which is major hurricane status. Two hours later, it made landfall on Abaco Island in the Bahamas, and later it moved over Grand Bahama Island. [1]

Originally, the NHC anticipated that Jeanne would turn northwestward and move ashore northeastern Florida. [12] However, the ridge to its north caused Jeanne to continue westward. [13] Late on September 25, Jeanne attained peak winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). [1] An eyewall replacement cycle halted further strengthening, and at 0400 UTC on September 26, Jeanne made landfall at peak intensity on the southern end of Hutchinson Island near Stuart, Florida. Its eye was 58 mi (93 km) in diameter, and the minimum barometric pressure at landfall was 950 mbar (28 inHg). [1] [14] The hurricane moved ashore in almost the same location that Hurricane Frances hit 21 days prior. [1] [15] As it moved inland, Jeanne weakened, quickly losing its eye. [1] By 14 hours after landfall, Jeanne weakened to tropical storm status near the Tampa Bay area. [1] After turning northward, Jeanne entered southern Georgia and weakened into a tropical depression. [1] A nearby cold front caused the depression to accelerate northeastward. [16] After crossing into Virginia, Jeanne transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by September 29 near Washington, D.C. Later that day, the remnants of Jeanne exited into the Atlantic Ocean and merged with a cold front. [1]

Preparations

Caribbean

Hurricane Jeanne making landfall on the east coast of Hispaniola, September 16. Jeanne 2004-09-16 1755Z.jpg
Hurricane Jeanne making landfall on the east coast of Hispaniola, September 16.

Upon Jeanne's formation, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued for islands across the northeastern Caribbean, including the Anguilla, Saba, Sint Eustatius, the Dutch portion of St. Martin, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The NHC issued hurricane warnings for the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) and Puerto Rico, [1] anticipating that Jeanne would become a hurricane before crossing the latter island. [17] USVI Governor Charles Wesley Turnbull issued a state of emergency and ordered the territory's schools to close. [18] Airports in the territory closed during the storm passage. In Puerto Rico, all ports were closed, and most flights were canceled, while the island's power grid was turned off to prevent damage. Government offices and courts were also closed. Governor Sila María Calderón forbade the sale of alcohol during the storm. Ferry service was temporarily suspended between the mainland and both Vieques and Culebra. [19] [20] More than 1,000 people fled to evacuation shelters in Puerto Rico. [21] In Vega Baja, an elderly man fell from a roof to his death while installing storm shutters. [19]

The first tropical storm watches for the Dominican Republic were issued on September 14. By the time Jeanne made landfall, hurricane warnings were in place between Saona Island and Puerto Plata, covering much of the country's northeast coast. [1] Across the Dominican Republic, 22,740 evacuated, more than half of whom stayed in one of 145 official shelters. Officials in the country advised residents to stay away from the coast and waterways. [22] There were also tropical storm warnings along the northern coast of Haiti covering as far west as Môle-Saint-Nicolas. [1]

Bahamas

While Jeanne was still in the Caribbean, the Bahamas issued hurricane watches and warnings for the southeastern and central portion of the archipelago, beginning late on September 15. These were downgraded to tropical storm warnings by the time Jeanne moved through the region, and canceled altogether by September 19. Four days later, Jeanne again threatened the country, prompting additional hurricane watches and warnings for the central to northwestern Bahamas. [1] During Jeanne's second approach to the Bahamas, officials urged residents in low-lying homes to evacuate, while also setting up shelters on Abaco, Eleuthera, and Grand Bahama islands. About 2,500 people stayed at shelters during the hurricane. The international airport on Grand Bahama temporarily closed during the storm. Because Hurricane Frances struck only about three weeks prior, numerous houses were still patched with plastic sheeting on their roofs, while displaced residents were still living with neighbors or relatives. Several cruise ships were diverted away from the country. [23] [24]

Florida

NHC forecast map on September 22, several days prior to landfall Jeanne 0922 5day.GIF
NHC forecast map on September 22, several days prior to landfall

Across Florida, about 2 million people were forced to evacuate across 28 counties. Most drivers utilized the Florida Turnpike and Interstate 75. [25] [26] In Palm Beach County, 12,534 people sought shelter. [27]

Preparations in Central Florida were rushed and sudden, as it did not become apparent that the storm would make a direct hit until the morning of the 23rd. [28] Indeed, it had appeared the storm would pass safely offshore just the night before. [29] Voluntary evacuations were advised on Thursday and Friday, plans for opening shelters on Saturday were distributed to the public, and Florida Power and Light warned that power could be out "for an extended period of time". [30] Canals were also drained on the same day. [30]

Preparations were complicated by the damage from Hurricane Frances, which made landfall in the state three weeks earlier. At least 21 county school districts closed classes. Schools in St. Lucie County remained closed since Hurricane Frances. [31]

On Friday, the Palm Beach Zoo prepared for the storm by moving small animals and birds into buildings such as restrooms and restaurants. [32] Evacuations began in earnest, with many residents leaving for the Keys, noting that the islands were the only location definitely out of harm's way. For once, evacuation to the Keys made sense. [33] A National Football League game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Miami Dolphins was delayed by 7 hours and 30 minutes because of the storm. [34]

Impact

Hurricane Jeanne
Jeanne 2004-09-26 0315Z.jpg
Hurricane Jeanne making landfall in Florida at peak intensity on September 26
Deaths from Hurricane Jeanne
CountryTotal
Dominican Republic 18
Haiti 3,006+
United States Puerto Rico 8
Florida 3
South Carolina 1
Virginia 1
Total:3,037+
Because of differing sources, totals may not match.

Lesser Antilles

In its formative stages, Tropical Storm Jeanne dropped heavy rainfall across the northeastern Caribbean, reaching around 300 mm (12 in) on Guadeloupe. [1] [35] The communes of Bouillante, Deshaies, and Pointe-Noire were the hardest hit. In Bouillante, 60 homes were damaged. The storm ruptured water pipes in the city of Bois Malher, isolating about 1,000 people. Damage to businesses resulted in 30 employees being laid-off. Crops also suffered impact, especially bananas. At the Malendure resort, which is located along the coast, the pier, restaurants, and dive base were rendered unusable. In Deshaies, 110 homes were severely damaged, including 60 in the city of Ferry. About a dozen boats were beached or capsized. Many roads and bridges were inflicted with damage. [36] In Point-Noire, nearly 300 single-family homes were damaged or demolished. Three bridges were destroyed, while numerous roads were also affected. Further south in Vieux-Habitants, roads also suffered damage, particularly in the Beaugendre area, leaving a dozen households isolated. A primary school was impacted beyond repairs. In Saint-François, a trench was dug along a major highway to prevent a residential subdivision from flooding. [36]

The heavy rains also caused low-lying flooding on Antigua and Barbuda, where the rainfall reached 2.03 in (52 mm). [35] In the British Virgin Islands, the storm's rains led to landslides that covered roads. [20] In the United States Virgin Islands, Jeanne dropped 12.67 in (322 mm) of rainfall at Charlotte Amalie, the territory's capital on St. Thomas. Around 20 people on the island required rescue from floods. On the nearby island of Saint Croix, there were unofficial reports of 94 mph (151 km/h) wind gusts, while rainfall accumulated to 8.73 in (222 mm). The storm caused landslides, flooding, and crop damage on the island. [37] During the storm, two prisoners escaped from a St. Croix jail. [38] On St. John, the storm downed trees and caused landslides. Damage throughout the territory totaled US$6.4 million, and about 50,000 people lost power. [37] [20]

Puerto Rico

Rainfall map of Jeanne in Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands Jeanne 2004 Puerto Rico rainfall.gif
Rainfall map of Jeanne in Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands

While moving across Puerto Rico, Jeanne dropped heavy rainfall which caused severe flooding along many rivers across the island. [1] Up to 23.75 in (603 mm) was recorded on the island of Vieques which corresponded to a 1 in a 100 year event. [39] A station at Cayey recorded a wind gust of 72 mph (116 km/h), the highest recorded in Puerto Rico. Across Puerto Rico, Jeanne caused four direct fatalities. A woman died in Yabucoa when her home collapsed. [1] A person drowned along a stream in Moca. Two people died, and another was injured, when a tree struck a car near Yauco after the storm had passed. There were also fatalities indirectly related to the storm's passage, including two deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning from using generators. [39] About 70% of the island was still without electricity by three days after the storm, and half did not have running water; officials issued boil-water advisories as a result. [38]

Storm damage on Puerto Rico reached $169.5 million. This included about $101.5 million in crop damage, half of which involved bananas or plantains, affecting more than 15,500 acres (63 km2) of farmlands. The storm also damaged coffee and wheat fields. [39] The island's power grid incurred about $60 million in damage, with an additional $8 million in damage to water systems. Throughout the island, the storm closed 302 roads and bridges due to landslides and fallen trees. Flooding forced 3,629 people to evacuate their houses to emergency shelters. The storm damaged schools, homes, and businesses. [39] 400 people had to evacuate near the Río Grande de Añasco. [40]

Dominican Republic

Striking the Dominican Republic as a hurricane, Jeanne produced strong winds and heavy rainfall. [1] A station at Cape Engaño, the easternmost point in the country, recorded 129 km/h (80 mph) winds. Rainfall reached 505.2 mm (19.89 in) at Saona Island over a three day period, including 366 mm (14.4 in) recorded on September 16. Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, recorded 194.3 mm (7.65 in) over three ays, while Cabrera along the northern coast reported 330.2 mm (13.00 in) over the same period. [35] The rains led to river flooding and landslides, especially in the eastern half of the country. In Ramón Santana, the swollen Soco River temporarily isolated about 4,000 people. [35] [22] Across the country, Jeanne killed 23 people. Damage totaled $270 million, which represented about 1.7% of the country's GDP. Hurricane Jeanne destroyed bridges and cut off roads, while also causing outages for electricity and telephone. Hundreds of people were left homeless. [35] Floods knocked down trees and caused crop damage, with several farms losing all of their livestock. [22] [41]

Haiti

Flooding in Haiti Haiti flood 1.jpg
Flooding in Haiti

Although Jeanne's center passed north of Haiti, its large circulation dropped heavy rainfall across the country. Over a 36 hour period, rainfall reached 330 mm (13 in). The intense rainfall led to flooding and landslides across the country, with the city of Gonaïves particularly hard hit. [1] [35] The floods affected about 80,000 of the city's 100,000 residents. As of October 6, 2004 the official report counted 3,006 people dead, with 2,826 of those in Gonaïves alone. [42] Another 2,601 people were injured.

Decades of deforestation left surrounding valleys unable to hold the 30 hours of rain from Hurricane Jeanne, causing massive landslides. Aid trucks were forced to ford floodwaters and mudslides on National Route 1. In addition, the flooding destroyed all of the rice and fruit harvest in the Artibonite which has been regarded as "Haiti's breadbasket". Some residents had buried unclaimed corpses in their backyards. There were also mass burials of bodies tipped into a massive pit from dump trucks, despite objections to their ceremonious nature and discouragement from the World Health Organization, due to the popular but incorrect belief that dead bodies would lead to catastrophic outbreaks of exotic diseases. [43]

Bahamas

While moving through the Bahamas, Jeanne produced winds of major hurricane-force on Grand Bahama and Abaco islands. [1] The hurricane further damaged homes that were previously damaged by Hurricane Frances only three weeks earlier. [44] Nationwide, about 800 homes were damaged or destroyed. [45] Across Grand Bahama and Abaco, Jeanne damaged power and water systems, as well as several roads. [46] Prime Minister Perry Christie declared both island groups as disaster areas on September 27. [47] At Settlement Point on Grand Bahama, a Coastal-Marine Automated Network weather station recorded 142 km/h (89 mph). [1] Floodwaters inundated the island's international airport, temporarily closing it. Storm surge flooding also entered several homes near the coast in the eastern portion of the island. Storm shelters in Eight Mile Rock were damaged due to the hurricane's passage. [44] Floodwaters reached 3 ft (0.91 m) deep on Eleuthera, and 5 ft (1.5 m) deep at Marsh Harbour on Abaco. About one-third of the homes at Sandy Point had flood damage, with several homes also experienced roofing damage. In the Berry Islands, Jeanne eroded a causeway while also damaging homes and schools. [24] [48]

United States

Storm total Rainfall from Jeanne Jeanne 2004 rainfall.gif
Storm total Rainfall from Jeanne

Throughout the mainland United States, Hurricane Jeanne left $7.66 billion in damage. [49] There were also five direct deaths in the country – three in Florida, one in South Carolina, and one in Virginia. [1]

Florida

Storm surge and wave action from Hurricane Jeanne severely eroded Vero Beach FEMA - 11375 - Photograph by Mark Wolfe taken on 09-28-2004 in Florida.jpg
Storm surge and wave action from Hurricane Jeanne severely eroded Vero Beach

While moving through Florida, Jeanne produced hurricane-force winds along a 105 mi (165 km) portion of the coast, from near Stuart to near Cape Canaveral, and extending about halfway across the state. Tropical storm-force winds affected much of central Florida. The strongest sustained winds in the state was 91 mph (146 km/h), recorded at the Melbourne NWS office. Wind gusts reached 128 mph (205 km/h) at Fort Pierce Inlet, and 122 mph (196 km/h) in Vero Beach. [1] South of the landfall location, the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport recorded wind gusts of 56 mph (90 km/h), while Naples Municipal Airport recorded gusts to 45 mph (72 km/h). [27] Farther inland, Orlando International Airport recorded gusts of 77 mph (124 km/h). [1] Jeanne also spawned nine tornadoes in the state, most of which were in the eyewall or innermost rainbands. An F1 tornado touched down west of Vero Beach, knocking down trees near its path. An F0 twister knocked off an antenna on a condomium in Flagler Beach. Over a 20 minute period, two F1 tornadoes hit Barefoot Bay in Brevard County; the former knocked down a few trees, while the latter damaged about a dozen houses. An F0 tornado touched down in Codys Corner in Flagler County, damaging trees and power lines. The remaining tornadoes were all rated F0, and all touched down in St. Johns County. [50] [51]

While moving ashore, Jeanne produced above-normal tides while moving ashore, with a 3.8 ft (1.2 m) storm surge recorded in Cape Canaveral. [1] High tides and waves eroded beaches from Jupiter Inlet to New Smyrna Beach, in combination with the previous Hurricane Frances, while also eroding parts of the Intracoastal Waterway. From Martin to Brevard counties, the storm surge occurred around the time of low tide, which limited damaging tidal floods. In New Smyrna Beach, the surge coincided with the high tides, resulting in significant erosion. Sand and ocean water covered parts of Florida State Road A1A, and parts of the route was washed away on Hutchinson Island. Erosion also damaged parts of the Sebastian Inlet Bridge, closing it for a week. [50] [52] Water levels along Lake Okeechobee reached 7 ft (2.1 m) above normal, which flooded a few marinas. [27] Above normal tides occurred as far south as Key West, with portions of its airport inundated. [53] While Jeanne's circulation produced offshore winds along Florida's west coast, Cedar Key recorded a negative storm surge of 4.5 ft (1.4 m) below-normal tides. The hurricane also dropped heavy rainfall across the state, with the heaviest totals recorded along the eyewall's path through Osceola, Brevard, and Indian River counties. [1] Precipitation in the state peaked at 11.97 in (304 mm), recorded in Kenansville in Osceola County. [54] In Holder in Citrus County, the Withlacoochee River swelled to a record crest of 10.86 ft (3.31 m). [55]

Damaged signs in Orlando caused by Jeanne Jeanne Orlando damage.jpg
Damaged signs in Orlando caused by Jeanne

Across Florida, the passage of the hurricane directly led to three fatalities. A man drowned in Palm Bay in Brevard County, driving his car into a flooded ditch. In Indian River County, an elderly woman died a few days after being injured during evacuations. A man in Clay County, a falling tree limb struck killed a child. [1] There were several additional fatalities indirectly related to the hurricane. A man in St. Lucie County was electrocuted by a downed power line. In Orange County, a man died after falling off a ladder while using a chainsaw. In Lake County, a woman died due to a fire, caused by a candle lit during a power outage. [50] Statewide, the hurricane left around 2 million people without power. [56]

In Martin County where Jeanne moved ashore, the hurricane damaged 4,234 homes, including 181 that were destroyed. [50] The hurricane destroyed half of the roof for the Martin Memorial Hospital North in Stuart, which had just been repaired following Hurricane Jeanne. [56] In St. Lucie County to the north, damage totaled $1.2 billion. [50] Thousands of homes in the county were damaged or destroyed, with dozens of mobile home trailer parks heavily damaged. In Fort Pierce Inlet, Jeanne's high tides destroyed dozens of boats. Damage reached $2 billion in Indian River County, with more than 41,000 homes damaged to some degree. Damage in neighboring Brevard County reached $320 million. Farther north, thousands of homes were damaged in Volusia County due to the combination of high winds and floods along the St. Johns River. [57] South of the landfall location, the rains caused generally minor flooding, with locally severe floods in Palm Beach Gardens, Jupiter, and on farms in western Palm Beach County. Damage in the Miami area was greatest in Palm Beach County, reaching at least $260 million; this included $30 million in county agriculture damage. [27]

Farther inland, Jeanne damaged roofs and mobile homes from Okeechobee to Orange counties. In Lake County, more than 2,800 homes were damaged, 111 of which were destroyed. The storm also damaged citrus and other crops across the area. [58] About 2,000 houses sustained severe damage in Highlands County, including 140 that were destroyed. Damage in the county reached $452 million. [59] In Lakeland in Polk County, a retention pond overflowed and caused parts of a strip mall to collapse. [60] Floods closed streets in St. Cloud in Osceola County, including parts of U.S. Route 192. [61] Most rivers across northern Florida reached flood stage, which closed portions of Interstate 10. In Live Oak, several roads were washed out. [62] Parts of Punta Gorda were flooded by Jeanne's storm surge, while gusty winds removed the tarps from roofs damaged previously by Hurricane Charley. [63] In Dixie County along the Florida panhandle, Jeanne damaged 215 homes, with 15 of them destroyed. The storm also washed out 30 county roads. [64] [65]

Southeastern United States

Jeanne spawned six tornadoes in Georgia, [66] eight in South Carolina, [67] and eight in North Carolina. [16] In Fairfield County, South Carolina, Jeanne spawned a tornado that killed one person. [1]

Mid-Atlantic

Damage from a tornado spawned by Hurricane Jeanne in Delaware Jeanne Tornado Damage.JPG
Damage from a tornado spawned by Hurricane Jeanne in Delaware

As the storm moved northward east of the Appalachian Mountains, it continued producing heavy rains and flash flooding. Rainfall exceeded 6.00 inches (150 mm) as far north as New Jersey and Pennsylvania. [68] Flash floods killed a woman in Patrick County, Virginia. [1]

In Maryland, Jeanne produced up to 4 in (100 mm) of rain, [68] triggering flash flooding throughout the state. [69] Numerous roads were flooded, [70] including parts of Maryland Route 17. [71] Several rivers rose above their flood-stage, with the Big Elk Creek cresting at 9.3 ft (2.8 m), 0.3 ft (0.091 m) above food-stage. [72] A total of 50 roads were closed due to high water throughout the state. Numerous reports of stranded vehicles were sent to the Emergency Operations Center. In Carroll County, a group of inmates required rescue after the jail they were in flooded. [73] One brief F0 tornado touched down in the state near Solomons, causing minor damage. [74]

Throughout Delaware, the remnants of Jeanne produced between 4 and 8 in (100 and 200 mm) of rain, [75] peaking at 7.1 in (180 mm) at the University of Delaware. [68] This led to widespread street flooding and several rivers overflowed their banks. Forty people had to be rescued from a bus along the White Clay Creek after the creek crested at .59 ft (0.18 m) above flood-stage. [75] A strong F2 tornado touched down in the state, injuring five people and leaving $1 million in damages. The tornado touched down in northern New Castle County and tracked for 5 mi (8.0 km) and generated winds up to 130 mph (210 km/h). The county airport sustained significant damage, five C-130 cargo planes were damaged, thousands of pounds of jet fuel spilled, and damaged hangars. At a nearby industrial park, metal siding was torn off buildings, windows were shattered and power lines were downed. A self-storage facility sustained substantial damage. [76]

The heavy rains resulted in severe flash flooding in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and its Pennsylvania and New Jersey suburbs on September 28. Tornadoes also touched down in Wilmington, Delaware and Cherry Hill, New Jersey.[ citation needed ]

Aftermath

As a result of the hurricane's impact, the name Jeanne was retired from the rotating lists of tropical cyclone names in the spring of 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never again be used for an Atlantic basin tropical cyclone. [77] It was replaced with the name Julia for the 2010 season. [78]

Puerto Rico

In the day after the storm's passage, electric companies restored power to all but 870,000 people. Most of the western portion of the island was repaired first, as were hospitals and the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. [79] On September 17, two days after Jeanne struck, United States President George W. Bush declared Puerto Rico a disaster area, [80] which provided for the cost of debris removal and emergency services. [81] In the immediate aftermath, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) funded crisis counseling services for storm victims, set up by the Puerto Rico Department of Health/ Mental Health and Anti-Addiction Services Administration. [82] After the storm's passage, FEMA established six disaster recovery centers. [83] Ultimately, more than 206,000 people applied for disaster assistance, including grants for essential repairs and temporary housing. FEMA approved the request for 155,933 people, providing $401.1 million in aid. [84] In March 2005, the US Government provided $14.6 million in aid for reconstruction projects, including repairs to the power grid, as well as general road and bridge restoration. [85]

Bahamas

Across the Bahamas, workers began clearing roads and restoring power after the storm passed. [48] Due to the severe damage from Jeanne in Abaco and Grand Bahama islands, as well as previous damage from Hurricane Frances, Bahamian Prime Minister Perry Christie requested international assistance for rebuilding. [47] The government of Japan provided ¥5.5 million worth of emergency supplies, including tents and generators. [45]

Florida

Occurring weeks before the 2004 U.S. presidential election, the hurricane had significant political implications for the state of Florida. The storm cutting off electricity in the state lead to a lack of polling data, resulting in reduced campaign strategy by both candidates. In addition, especially in the aftermath of the previous election, Democrats made efforts to ensure everyone could vote in the aftermath of the hurricane. [86]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Miles B. Lawrence; Hugh D. Cobb (January 7, 2005). "Hurricane Jeanne Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 25, 2025.
  2. ↑ Wallace (September 8, 2004). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
  3. ↑ Blake (September 11, 2004). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
  4. ↑ Wallace (September 11, 2004). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
  5. ↑ Wallace (September 12, 2004). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
  6. ↑ Richard Pasch; Stacy Stewart (September 13, 2004). "Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  7. ↑ Stacy Stewart (September 14, 2004). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  8. ↑ Stacy Stewart (September 14, 2004). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  9. ↑ Jack Beven (September 15, 2004). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Discussion Nine". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  10. ↑ Richard Pasch (September 17, 2004). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Discussion Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  11. ↑ Jack Beven (September 21, 2004). "Hurricane Jeanne Discussion Thirty-One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
  12. 1 2 Stacy Stewart (September 24, 2004). "Hurricane Jeanne Discussion Forty-Five". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  13. 1 2 Jack Beven (September 25, 2004). "Hurricane Jeanne Discussion Forty-Seven". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  14. ↑ Richard Pasch (September 26, 2004). "Hurricane Jeanne Discussion Fifty". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  15. ↑ Jack Beven (December 17, 2004). "Hurricane Frances Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  16. 1 2 Strickler; et al. (September 27, 2004). "Hurricane Jeanne Event Summary, September 2004". Raleigh, North Carolina. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  17. ↑ Stacy Stewart (September 14, 2010). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Governor Declares State of Emergency". The St. Thomas Source. September 15, 2004.
  19. 1 2 "Jeanne hits Puerto Rico, strands tourists". The Deseret News. September 16, 2004.
  20. 1 2 3 Frank Griffiths (September 16, 2004). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Slams into Puerto Rico". Hutchison News. Associated Press. p. 38. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  21. ↑ "Jeanne becomes a hurricane". The Robesonian. Associated Press. September 16, 2004. p. 8A. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  22. 1 2 3 "Hurricane-Tropical Storm Jeanne: Situation Report 17 Sep 2004". UN Resident Coordinator in the Dominican Republic. September 17, 2004. ReliefWeb. Retrieved October 28, 2025.
  23. ↑ "Hurricane Jeanne Hits Abaco Island". Boca Raton News . Freeport, Bahamas. Associated Press. September 26, 2004. p. 10. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  24. 1 2 The Caribbean - Hurricanes Fact Sheet #6, Fiscal Year (FY) 2004 (Report). United States Agency for International Development. September 28, 2004. ReliefWeb. Retrieved October 24, 2025.
  25. ↑ "iFlorida Model Deployment Final Evaluation Report". Federal Highway Administration. January 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  26. ↑ Eliot Kleinberg; Connie Piloto (September 26, 2004). "Jeanne strikes Florida with 115-mph winds". Cape Cod Times. Cox Media Group.
  27. 1 2 3 4 "Jeanne". Miami - South Florida National Weather Service. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
  28. ↑ Eliot Kleinburg and Mary McLachin (2004). Not Again! Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Palm Beach Post . Retrieved on 2009-04-16.
  29. ↑ Lixion Avila (2004). Hurricane Jeanne Discussion Number 38. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved on 2009-04-16.
  30. 1 2 Eliot Kleinberg, Mary McLachlin (2004). Region starts getting ready. Palm Beach Post . Retrieved on 2009-04-16.
  31. ↑ "Jeanne Hits Florida Hard - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. September 27, 2004. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
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  33. ↑ Jane Musgrave (2004). For once, evacuation to Keys makes sense to some. Palm Beach Post . Retrieved on 2009-04-16.
  34. ↑ NFL games affected by severe weather or natural disasters, NBC Sports Boston, December 16, 2022
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  41. ↑ "Dominican Republic: Emergency assistance to the victims of Hurricane Jeanne". European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. October 26, 2004. ReliefWeb. Retrieved November 2, 2025.
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  43. ↑ "Hurricane Jeanne Over Haiti, 2004". September 28, 2004. Archived from the original on October 14, 2004. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
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  45. 1 2 "Emergency aid for hurricane disaster in the Bahamas". Government of Japan. September 28, 2004. ReliefWeb. Retrieved October 28, 2025.
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  53. ↑ "Monroe/Lower Keys, Florida Hurricane/Typhoon Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
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  55. ↑ "Citrus County, Florida Tropical Storm Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
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  58. ↑ "Lake County, Florida Strong Wind Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
  59. ↑ "Polk County, Florida High Wind Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
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  61. ↑ "Osceola County, Florida Flash Flood Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
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  63. ↑ "Charlotte County, Florida Tropical Storm Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
  64. ↑ "Dixie County, Florida Tropical Storm Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
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