Democratic National Committee

Last updated

Democratic National Committee
FoundedMay 26, 1848;175 years ago (1848-05-26)
Location
Key people
Affiliations Democratic Party
Website democrats.org

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal committee of the United States Democratic Party. The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand". [1] It organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials. [2] When a Democrat is president, the White House controls the Committee. According to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally described the parties’ national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers." [3] [4]

Contents

Its chair is elected by the committee. It conducts fundraising to support its activities. [2]

The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention. [5] [6] The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee.

Role and organization

The DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. When the president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president. In presidential elections, it supervises the national convention and, both independently and in coordination with the presidential candidate, raises funds, commissions polls, and coordinates campaign strategy. Following the selection of a party nominee, the public funding laws permit the national party to coordinate certain expenditures with the nominee, but additional funds are spent on general, party-building activities. [7] There are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns (and, in most states, counties).

The chairperson of the DNC is elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee. [8] : 5  The DNC is composed of the chairs and vice-chairs of each state Democratic Party's central committee, two hundred members apportioned among the states based on population and generally elected either on the ballot by primary voters or by the state Democratic Party committee, a number of elected officials serving in an ex officio capacity, and a variety of representatives of major Democratic Party constituencies.

Chicago delegation to the January 8, 1912 Democratic National Committee Chicago delegation to the January 8, 1912 meeting of the Democratic National Committee.jpg
Chicago delegation to the January 8, 1912 Democratic National Committee

The DNC establishes rules for the caucuses and primaries which choose delegates to the Democratic National Convention, but the caucuses and primaries themselves are most often run not by the DNC but instead by each individual state. Primary elections, in particular, are invariably conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Political parties may choose to participate or not participate in a state's primary election, but no political party executives have any jurisdiction over the dates of primary elections, or how they are conducted.[ citation needed ]

All DNC members are superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention, and their role can affect the outcome over a close primary race only if no candidate receives a majority of pledged delegates. [9] These delegates, officially described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates," fall into three categories based on other positions they hold: [10]

Current Leadership

In 2021, Jaime Harrison was selected by President Joe Biden to Chair the Democratic National Committee, and his nomination was approved by its members. [11]

In addition, a National Advisory Board exists for purposes of fundraising and advising the executive. The present chair is Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, former U.S. Ambassador to Portugal.

Chairs of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee Chairs
OfficeholderTermState [17]
Benjamin Hallett 1848–1852 Massachusetts
Robert Milligan McLane engraving, 1883.jpg Robert McLane 1852–1856 Maryland
David A. Smalley.jpg David Smalley 1856–1860 Vermont
Portrait of August Belmont from The National Cyclopedia of American Biography, Volume XI.png August Belmont 1860–1872 New York
Augustus Schell.jpg Augustus Schell 1872–1876 New York
Abram Hewitt 1870s.jpg Abram Hewitt 1876–1877 New York
William Henry Barnum - Brady-Handy.jpg William Barnum 1877–1889 Connecticut
Frauds and falsehoods of the Republican party (1892) (14764291772).jpg Calvin Brice 1889–1892 Ohio
William Francis Harrity.png William Harrity 1892–1896 Pennsylvania
Senator James K. Jones as a Member of the 55th US Congress.jpeg James Jones 1896–1904 Arkansas
Thomas Taggart, LCCN2006677840 (cropped 3x4).jpg Thomas Taggart 1904–1908 Indiana
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION. NORMAN E. MACK OF BUFFALO LCCN2016863877 (cropped).jpg Norman Mack 1908–1912 New York
William Frank McCombs in 1917 (cropped).jpg William McCombs 1912–1916 New York
Picture of Vance C. McCormick.jpg Vance McCormick 1916–1919 Pennsylvania
Portrait of Homer Stille Cummings.jpg Homer Cummings 1919–1920 Connecticut
George White (Ohio politician) circa 1920.jpg George White 1920–1921 Ohio
CordellHull.jpeg Cordell Hull 1921–1924 Tennessee
Clem. Shaver LCCN2014717523.jpg Clem Shaver 1924–1928 West Virginia
John J. Raskob LOC.jpg John Raskob 1928–1932 New York
Postmaster General James Farley.jpg James Farley 1932–1940 New York
Edward Joseph Flynn (1891-1953) in 1939.jpg Edward Flynn 1940–1943 New York
Frank C. Walker.jpg Frank Walker 1943–1944 Pennsylvania
Hannegan 2013-925 (1).jpg Robert Hannegan 1944–1947 Missouri
J. Howard McGrath (1948).jpg Howard McGrath 1947–1949 Rhode Island
William Boyle 1949–1951 Missouri
Frank McKinney 1951–1952 Indiana
Stephen Mitchell 1952–1955 Illinois
PaulButler.png Paul Butler 1955–1960 Indiana
Henry M. Jackson.jpg Scoop Jackson 1960–1961 Washington
John Moran Bailey 1961.jpg John Bailey 1961–1968 Connecticut
Larry O'Brien 1961.jpg Larry O'Brien 1968–1969 Massachusetts
FredRoyHarris.jpg Fred Harris 1969–1970 Oklahoma
Larry O'Brien 1961.jpg Larry O'Brien 1970–1972 Massachusetts
Jean Westwood 1972 Utah
RobertStrauss.jpg Bob Strauss 1972–1977 Texas
Photo DED 1967 1975 Curtis Kenneth M. Leeds 193390 (cropped).jpg Kenneth Curtis 1977–1978 Maine
John Coyle White.jpg John White 1978–1981 Texas
Santo Domingo Mayor Johnny Ventura with US Amb to DR, Charles Manatt (cropped).jpg Charles Manatt 1981–1985 California
Paul Kirk Official Photo.jpg Paul Kirk 1985–1989 Massachusetts
RonBrownUS.JPG Ron Brown 1989–1993 New York
David Wilhelm 1993–1994 Ohio
Debra DeLee 1994–1995 Massachusetts
ChrisDodd.jpg Chris Dodd (General Chair)1995–1997 Connecticut
Donald Fowler (1).jpg Don Fowler (National Chair) South Carolina
Roy Romer (CO).jpg Roy Romer (General Chair)1997–1999 Colorado
Steve Grossman crop.jpg Steve Grossman (National Chair) Massachusetts
Ed Rendell ID2004 crop (cropped).JPG Ed Rendell (General Chair)1999–2001 Pennsylvania
Joe Andrew (National Chair) Indiana
McAuliffe Herndon crop.png Terry McAuliffe 2001–2005 Virginia
HowardDeanDNC-cropped (cropped).jpg Howard Dean 2005–2009 Vermont
Tim Kaine small.jpg Tim Kaine 2009–2011 Virginia
Donna Brazile in 2014 at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Total Health.jpg Donna Brazile (Acting)2011 Louisiana
Debbie Wasserman Schultz 113th Congress.jpg Debbie Wasserman Schultz 2011–2016 Florida
Donna Brazile 1.JPG Donna Brazile (Acting)2016–2017 Louisiana
L-15-03-24-B-042 (16917448552) (cropped).jpg Tom Perez 2017–2021 Maryland
Jaime Harrison Launches U.S. Senate Campaign (cropped).png Jaime Harrison 2021–present South Carolina
Source: [18]

Deputy Chairs

The Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee was re-established by Tom Perez in February 2017 after his win in the 2017 DNC Chair race.

After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, Perez appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair in an attempt to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. [19] Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing, while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing. [20] The role's revival in 2017 has been described by critics as largely titular and ceremonial. [21]

On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned from the position due to his win in the Minnesota Attorney General election. [22] The position remains unoccupied.

OfficeholderTermState
Evan Dobelle7.jpg Evan Dobelle [23] [24] 1980–1981 Massachusetts
Alexis osec.jpg Alexis Herman [25] 1989–1992 Alabama
Ben Johnson [26] [27] 2003–2005 Maryland
Mike honda.jpg Mike Honda 2003–2005 California
Susan Turnbull (53411631252).jpg Susan Turnbull 2003–2005 Maryland
Keith Ellison portrait.jpg Keith Ellison 2017–2018 [28] Minnesota

Treasurers of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee Treasurers
OfficeholderTermState
Charles J Canda.png Charles J. Canda [29] [30] 1875–1892New York
Robert Roosevelt - Brady-Handy.jpg Robert B. Roosevelt [31] [32] 1892–1896New York
William P St Cloud.png William P. St. John [33] [34] 1896–1897New York
James L Norris.png James L. Norris [35] [36] 1897–1900District of Columbia
Millard Fillmore Dunlap 1906 cropped.png Millard Fillmore Dunlap [36] [37] 1900–1904Illinois
Pach Brothers - George Foster Peabody (cropped).jpg George Foster Peabody [38] [39] 1904–1906New York
August Belmont [40] [41] 1906–1908
William H. O'Brien [41] 1908Indiana
HASKELL, C.N. GOVERNOR LCCN2016858937 (cropped).jpg Charles N. Haskell [42] [43] 1908Oklahoma
Herman Ridder.jpg Herman Ridder [43] [44] 1908–1912New York
Rolla Wells 1906.jpg Rolla Wells [45] [46] 1912–1916Missouri
Treas'r Dem. Nat. Com. W.W. Mars (i.e. Marsh) LCCN2014702448 cropped.png Wilbur W. Marsh [47] [48] 1916–1924Iowa
JamesWGerard.jpg James W. Gerard [49] [50] 1924–1932New York
Frank C. Walker.jpg Frank C. Walker [51] [52] 1932–1934New York
CUMMINGS, WALTER J. PORTRAIT LCCN2016870788.jpg Walter J. Cummings [53] [54] 1934–1936Illinois
W Forbes Morgan 1932.png W. Forbes Morgan [54] 1936–1937New Hampshire
Oliver A. Quayle Jr [55] [56] 1937–1941District of Columbia
R. J. Reynolds Jr. [56] [57] 1941–1942North Carolina
Edwin W. Pauley [58] [59] 1942–1945California
George Killion [60] [61] 1945–1947California
Joe L. Blythe [62] [63] 1948–1949North Carolina
Mary C. Zirkle (acting) [64] [65] 1949–1950Washington
Sidney Salomon Jr [65] [66] 1950–1951Missouri
Roy J. Turner.jpg Roy J. Turner [67] [68] 1951–1952Oklahoma
Dwight R. G. Palmer [69] [70] 1952–1953New York
Stanley Woodward.png Stanley Woodward [71] [72] 1953–1955Virginia
Matthew H. McCloskey [73] [74] 1955–1962Pennsylvania
Richard MaGuire [75] [76] 1962–1965Indiana
Clifton C. Carter (acting) [76] [77] 1965–1966District of Columbia
John Criswell (acting) [78] [79] 1966–1968Oklahoma
Bob Short (1969).jpg Robert E. Short (acting) [80] [81] 1968–1969Minnesota
Patrick J. O'Connor (acting) [81] [82] 1969–1970Minnesota
RobertStrauss.jpg Robert S. Strauss [82] [83] 1970–1972Texas
Donald Petrie [84] [85] 1972
Howard Weingrow [85] [86] 1972New York
C. Peter McColough, Xerox Corp..jpg C. Peter McColough [87] [88] 1973–1974New York
Edward Bennett Williams.jpg Edward Bennett Williams [89] 1974–1977District of Columbia
Joel McCleary [90] [91] 1977–1978North Carolina
Evan Dobelle7.jpg Evan Dobelle [92] [93] 1978–1979Massachusetts
Peter G. Kelly [94] [95] 1979–1981Connecticut
Charles Curry [95] [96] 1981–1983Missouri
Paul Kirk Official Photo.jpg Paul G. Kirk [97] [98] 1983–1985Massachusetts
Mayor Sharon Pratt.jpg Sharon Pratt Dixon [98] [99] 1985–1989District of Columbia
Robert Farmer [100] [101] 1989–1991
Robert matsui.jpg Robert T. Matsui [102] [103] 1991–1995California
R. Scott Pastrick [104] 1995–1997Maryland
Carol Pensky [105] [106] 1997–1999
Andrew Tobias 2016-03-27.jpeg Andrew Tobias [106] 1999–2017
Bill Derrough [107] [108] 2017–2021California
Virginia McGregor [109] 2021–presentVirginia

Controversies

Watergate

In the 1970s, the DNC had its head office, located in the Watergate complex at the time, burglarized by entities working for Richard Nixon's administration during the Watergate scandal.

Chinagate

Chinagate was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China to influence domestic American politics prior to and during the Clinton administration. [110] In 2002, the Federal Election Commission fined the Democratic National Committee $115,000 for its part in fundraising violations in 1996. [111]

Cyber attacks

Debbie Wasserman Schultz served as DNC chair from 2011 to 2016. DNC Chair Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz speaks to College Democrats.jpg
Debbie Wasserman Schultz served as DNC chair from 2011 to 2016.

Cyber attacks and hacks were claimed by or attributed to various individual and groups such as:

2016 email leak

On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 DNC emails. [121] Critics claimed that the Committee unequally favored Hillary Clinton and acted in support of her nomination while opposing the candidacy of her primary challenger Bernie Sanders. Donna Brazile corroborated these allegations in an excerpt of her book published by Politico in November 2017. [122] The leaked emails spanned sixteen months, terminating in May 2016. [123]

The WikiLeaks releases led to the resignations of Chairperson Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Communications Director Luis Miranda, Chief Financial Officer Brad Marshall and Chief Executive Amy Dacey. [124] After she resigned, Wasserman Schultz put out a statement about possible FBI assistance in investigating the hacking and leaks, saying that "the DNC was never contacted by the FBI or any other agency concerned about these intrusions." [125] During a Senate hearing in January 2017, James Comey testified that the FBI requested access to the DNC's servers, but its request was denied. He also testified that old versions of the Republican National Committee's servers were breached, but then-current databases were unaffected. [126]

The DNC subsequently filed a lawsuit in federal court against WikiLeaks and others alleging a conspiracy to influence the election. [127]

History

The DNC has existed since 1848. [128] During the 1848 Democratic National Convention, a resolution was passed creating the Democratic National Committee, composed of thirty members, one person per state, chosen by the states' delegations, and chaired by Benjamin F. Hallett. [129]

In order to strengthen the national party organization, Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1925 that the DNC should open a permanent headquarters in order to function "every day in every year" and exist on a "business-like financial basis." In 1929, John Raskob led the creation of the first permanent national headquarters for the DNC in Washington, DC. [130]

See also

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