The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 6,1860. In a four-way contest,the Republican Party ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin,absent from the ballot in ten slave states,won a national popular plurality,a popular majority in the North where states already had abolished slavery,and a national electoral majority comprising only Northern electoral votes. Lincoln's election thus served as the main catalyst of the American Civil War. This marked the first time that a Republican was elected president.
Thomas Andrews Hendricks was an American politician and lawyer from Indiana who served as the 16th governor of Indiana from 1873 to 1877 and the 21st vice president of the United States from March until his death in November 1885. Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. House of Representatives (1851–1855) and the U.S. Senate (1863–1869). He also represented Shelby County,Indiana,in the Indiana General Assembly (1848–1850) and as a delegate to the 1851 Indiana constitutional convention. In addition,Hendricks served as commissioner of the General Land Office (1855–1859). Hendricks,a popular member of the Democratic Party,was a fiscal conservative. He defended the Democratic position in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War and Reconstruction era and voted against the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. He also opposed Radical Reconstruction and President Andrew Johnson's removal from office following Johnson's impeachment in the U.S. House.
James Henry Lane was a partisan militia leader during the Bleeding Kansas period that immediately preceded the American Civil War. During the war itself,Lane served as a United States Senator and as a general for the Union. Although reelected as a Senator in 1865,Lane committed suicide the next year.
Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton,commonly known as Oliver P. Morton,was a U.S. Republican Party politician from Indiana. He served as the 14th governor of Indiana during the American Civil War,and was a stalwart ally of President Abraham Lincoln. Morton worked hard to maximize Indiana's contribution to the war effort and marginalize the obstructionists. He was a principled and effective leader who fought for equality and nationalism through the use of governmental power. His forceful pursuit of civil rights and prosecution of Copperheads and white supremacists gained him lasting enemies among the antiwar elements. Morton thwarted and neutralized the Democratic-controlled Indiana General Assembly. He exceeded his constitutional authority by calling out the militia without approval,and during the period of legislative suppression he privately financed the state government through unapproved federal and private loans. He was criticized for arresting and detaining political enemies and suspected southern sympathizers. As one of President Lincoln's "war governors",Morton made significant contributions to the war effort,more than any other man in the state,and earned the lifelong gratitude of former Union soldiers for his support.
James Barbour was an American politician,planter,and lawyer. He served as a delegate from Orange County,Virginia in the Virginia General Assembly and as speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates. He was the 18th Governor of Virginia and the first Governor to reside in the current Virginia Governor's Mansion. After the War of 1812,Barbour became a U.S. Senator and the United States Secretary of War (1825–1828).
Edmund Gibson Ross was a politician who represented Kansas after the American Civil War and was later governor of the New Mexico Territory. His vote against convicting President Andrew Johnson of "high crimes and misdemeanors" allowed Johnson to stay in office by the margin of one vote. As the seventh of seven Republican U.S. Senators to break with his party,he proved to be the person whose decision would result in conviction or acquittal. When he chose the latter,the vote of 35–19 in favor of Johnson's conviction failed to reach the required two-thirds vote. Ross lost his bid for re-election two years later.
The 1860 Democratic National Conventions were a series of presidential nominating conventions held to nominate the Democratic Party's candidates for president and vice president in the 1860 election. The first convention,held from April 23 to May 3 in Charleston,South Carolina,failed to nominate a ticket,while two subsequent conventions,both held in Baltimore,Maryland in June,nominated two separate presidential tickets.
The Topeka Constitutional Convention met from October 23 to November 11,1855 in Topeka,Kansas Territory,in a building afterwards called Constitution Hall. It drafted the Topeka Constitution,which banned slavery in Kansas,though it would also have prevented free Blacks from living in Kansas. The convention was organized by Free-Staters to counter the pro-slavery Territorial Legislature elected March 5,1855,in polling tainted significantly by electoral fraud and the intimidation of Free State voters.
Thomas George Pratt was a lawyer and politician from Annapolis,Maryland. He was the 27th governor of Maryland from 1845 to 1848 and a U.S. senator from 1850 to 1857.
Paris Chipman Dunning was a Democratic state representative,state senator,senate president pro tempore,the tenth lieutenant governor,and the ninth governor of the U.S. state of Indiana from December 26,1848,to December 5,1849. He is the only person to hold to every elected seat in the state government under the 1816 constitution. His brief term as governor was marked by the calling of a state constitutional convention and overshadowed by the national anti-slavery debate,where Dunning urged state leaders to issue and forward resolutions to Congress expressing opposition to the expansion of slavery. As a delegate to the subsequent convention,he successfully advocated legislative and educational reform. As the American Civil War broke out,he left the Democratic party and declared for the Union,personally raising many companies of soldiers for the war effort. He returned to the state senate during the war,and then resumed his law practice after his term ended. He remained popular in the state,and declined several nominations to run for office after retiring from politics.
Joseph Albert Wright was the tenth governor of the U.S. state of Indiana from December 5,1849,to January 12,1857,most noted for his opposition to banking. His positions created a rift between him and the Indiana General Assembly who overrode all of his anti-banking vetoes. He responded by launching legal challenges to the acts,but was ruled against by the Indiana Supreme Court. The state's second constitutional convention was held during 1850–1851 in which the current Constitution of Indiana was drafted. He was a supporter of the new constitution and gave speeches around the state urging its adoption. He was opposed throughout his term by Senator Jesse D. Bright,the leader of the state Democratic Party.
Jesse David Bright was the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Indiana and U.S. Senator from Indiana who served as President pro tempore of the Senate on three occasions. He was the only senator from a Northern state to be expelled for being a Confederate sympathizer. As a leading Copperhead he opposed the Civil War. He was frequently in competition with Governor Joseph A. Wright,the leader of the state's Republican Party.
Henry Smith Lane was a United States representative,Senator,and the 13th Governor of Indiana;he was by design the shortest-serving Governor of Indiana,having made plans to resign the office should his party take control of the Indiana General Assembly and elect him to the United States Senate. He held that office for only two days,and was known for his opposition to slavery. A Whig until the party collapsed,he supported compromise with the south. He became an early leader in the Republican Party starting in 1856 serving as the president of the first party convention,delivering its keynote address,and was influential in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. With the repeal of the Missouri Compromise,he became a full-fledged abolitionist,and in the Senate he was a pro-Union advocate and a strong supporter of the war effort to end the rebellion.
Ashbel Parsons Willard was state senator,the 12th lieutenant governor,and the 11th governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. His terms in office were marked by increasingly severe partisanship leading to the breakup of the state Democratic Party in the years leading up to the American Civil War. His brother-in-law John Edwin Cook was involved in John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry,and was executed. Willard went to the south to advocate unsuccessfully for his release,and became despised by southerners who accused him of having a secret involvement in the raid. He died two months before the start of the war while giving a speech on national unity,and was the first governor of Indiana to die in office.
John Whiteaker was an American politician,soldier,and judge. A native of Indiana,he joined the army during the Mexican–American War and then prospected during the California Gold Rush. After moving to the Oregon Territory,he served as a judge and member of the legislature. A Democrat,Whiteaker served as the first state Governor of Oregon from 1859 until 1862 and later was Oregon's Congressman from 1879 to 1881. He also was president of the Oregon State Senate and Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives.
The Democratic Party of Oregon is the Oregon affiliate of the Democratic Party. The State Central Committee,made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats,is the main authoritative body of the party. The party has 17 special group caucuses which also each have representation on the State Central Committee.
Lafayette Lane was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a US Representative from the U.S. state of Oregon from 1875 to 1877. He was the son of Oregon Senator Joseph Lane and an uncle of future Oregon Senator Harry Lane.
The 1844 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held in Baltimore,Maryland from May 27 through 30. The convention nominated former Governor James K. Polk of Tennessee for president and former Senator George M. Dallas of Pennsylvania for vice president.
The Floed–Lane House,also known as the Creed Floed House,is a Classical Revival house museum in Roseburg,Oregon. It was completed in 1854,although some researchers believed the year was 1860. The house is a standard,two up and two down design with upper and lower story porches. It was home to the daughter of Joseph Lane and generations of descendants of the Lane family until it was donated to the Douglas County Historical Society in 1960,following damage sustained in the Roseburg Blast of 1959. The Lane family intended the gift as a memorial to Joseph Lane and family.
Virgil Conn was an American businessman and state legislator from the state of Oregon. He served two two-year terms in the Oregon House of Representatives as a Republican legislator,representing a large rural district in south-central Oregon. He also ran a general store in Paisley,Oregon,and was that town's postmaster for many years. Later in his life,he owned a dairy farm near Roseburg,Oregon.
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