2016 Democratic National Committee email leak

Last updated

The 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak is a collection of Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails stolen by one or more hackers operating under the pseudonym "Guccifer 2.0" who are alleged to be Russian intelligence agency hackers, according to indictments carried out by the Mueller investigation. [1] These emails were subsequently leaked by DCLeaks in June and July 2016 [2] and by WikiLeaks on July 22, 2016, just before the 2016 Democratic National Convention. This collection included 19,252 emails and 8,034 attachments from the DNC, the governing body of the United States Democratic Party. [3] The leak includes emails from seven key DNC staff members dating from January 2015 to May 2016. [4] On November 6, 2016, WikiLeaks released a second batch of DNC emails, adding 8,263 emails to its collection. [5] The emails and documents showed that the Democratic Party's national committee favored Hillary Clinton over her rival Bernie Sanders in the primaries. [6] These releases caused significant harm to the Clinton campaign, and have been cited as a potential contributing factor to her loss in the general election against Donald Trump. [7]

Contents

The leaks resulted in allegations of bias against Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign, in apparent contradiction with the DNC leadership's publicly stated neutrality, [8] as several DNC operatives openly derided Sanders's campaign and discussed ways to advance Clinton's nomination. Later reveals included controversial DNC–Clinton agreements dated before the primary, regarding financial arrangements and control over policy and hiring decisions. [9] The revelations prompted the resignation of DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz before the 2016 Democratic National Convention. [10] The DNC issued a formal apology to Bernie Sanders and his supporters "for the inexcusable remarks made over email" that did not reflect the DNC's "steadfast commitment to neutrality during the nominating process." [11] After the convention, DNC CEO Amy Dacey, CFO Brad Marshall, and Communications Director Luis Miranda also resigned in the wake of the controversy. [12]

On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators that the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded Russia conducted operations during the 2016 U.S. election to prevent Hillary Clinton [13] from winning the presidency. [14] Multiple U.S intelligence agencies concluded people with direct ties to the Kremlin gave WikiLeaks hacked emails from the Democratic National Committee. [14] WikiLeaks did not reveal its source. Later Julian Assange, founder of Wikileaks, claimed that the source of the emails was not Russia or any other state. [15] [16] [17]

On July 13, 2018, Special Counsel Robert Mueller indicted 12 Russian military intelligence agents of a group known as Fancy Bear alleged to be responsible for the attack, [1] who were behind the Guccifer 2.0 pseudonym which claimed responsibility. [18] [19]

Contents of leak

The emails leaked by Wikileaks, in two phases (the first on July 22, 2016 and the second on November 6, 2016), [20] revealed information about the DNC's interactions with the media, Hillary Clinton's and Bernie Sanders's campaigns, and financial contributions. It also includes personal information about the donors of the Democratic Party, including credit card and Social Security numbers, which could facilitate identity theft. [21] [22] Earlier, in late June 2016, Guccifer 2.0 instructed reporters to visit the DCLeaks website for emails stolen from Democrats. [2] With the WikiLeaks disclosure of additional stolen emails beginning on July 22, 2016, more than 150,000 stolen emails from either personal Gmail addresses or via the DNC that were related to the Hillary Clinton 2016 Presidential campaign were published on the DCLeaks and WikiLeaks websites. On August 12, 2016, DCLeaks released information about more than 200 Democratic lawmakers, including their personal cellphone numbers. [23] The numerous prank calls that Hillary Clinton received from this disclosure along with the loss of her campaign's email security severely disrupted her campaign, which changed its contact information on October 7, 2016 by calling each of her contacts one at a time. [2]

Media

The emails include DNC staff's "off-the-record" correspondence with media personalities, including the reporters at CNN, [24] [25] [26] Politico , the Wall Street Journal , and the Washington Post . [27]

Bernie Sanders's campaign

In the emails, DNC staffers derided the Sanders campaign. [28] The Washington Post reported: "Many of the most damaging emails suggest the committee was actively trying to undermine Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign." [8]

In a May 2016 email chain, the DNC CFO Brad Marshall told the DNC chief executive officer, Amy Dacey, that they should have someone from the media ask Sanders if he is an atheist prior to the West Virginia primary. [8] [29]

On May 21, 2016, DNC National Press Secretary Mark Paustenbach sent an email to DNC Spokesman Luis Miranda mentioning a controversy that ensued in December 2015, when the National Data Director of the Sanders campaign and three subordinate staffers accessed the Clinton campaign's voter information on the NGP VAN database. [30] (The party accused Sanders's campaign of impropriety and briefly limited its access to the database. The Sanders campaign filed suit for breach of contract against the DNC, but dropped the suit on April 29, 2016.) [29] [31] [32] Paustenbach suggested that the incident could be used to promote a "narrative for a story, which is that Bernie never had his act together, that his campaign was a mess." The DNC rejected this suggestion. [8] [29] The Washington Post wrote: "Paustenbach's suggestion, in that way, could be read as a defense of the committee rather than pushing negative information about Sanders. But this is still the committee pushing negative information about one of its candidates." [8]

Debbie Wasserman Schultz's emails

Following the Nevada Democratic convention, Debbie Wasserman Schultz wrote about Jeff Weaver, manager of Bernie Sanders's campaign: "Damn liar. Particularly scummy that he barely acknowledges the violent and threatening behavior that occurred." [33] [34] [35] In another email, Wasserman Schultz said of Bernie Sanders, "He isn't going to be president." [28] Other emails showed her stating that Sanders doesn't understand the Democratic Party. [8]

In May 2016, MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski accused the DNC of bias against the Sanders campaign and called on Wasserman Schultz to step down. [36] [37] Wasserman Schultz was upset at the negative media coverage of her actions, and she emailed the political director of NBC News, Chuck Todd, that such coverage of her "must stop". [38] [39] Describing the coverage as the "LAST straw", she ordered the DNC's communications director to call MSNBC president Phil Griffin to demand an apology from Brzezinski. [40] [41]

Financial and donor information

According to the New York Times, the cache included "thousands of emails exchanged by Democratic officials and party fund-raisers, revealing in rarely seen detail the elaborate, ingratiating and often bluntly transactional exchanges necessary to harvest hundreds of millions of dollars from the party's wealthy donor class. The emails capture a world where seating charts are arranged with dollar totals in mind, where a White House celebration of gay pride is a thinly disguised occasion for rewarding wealthy donors and where physical proximity to the president is the most precious of currencies." [42] As is common in national politics, large party donors "were the subject of entire dossiers, as fund-raisers tried to gauge their interests, annoyances and passions." [42]

In a series of email exchanges in April and May 2016, DNC fundraising staff discussed and compiled a list of people (mainly donors) who might be appointed to federal boards and commissions. [43] OpenSecrets senior fellow Bob Biersack noted that this is a longstanding practice in the United States: "Big donors have always risen to the top of lists for appointment to plum ambassadorships and other boards and commissions around the federal landscape." [43] The White House denied that financial support for the party was connected to board appointments, saying: "Being a donor does not get you a role in this administration, nor does it preclude you from getting one. We've said this for many years now and there's nothing in the emails that have been released that contradicts that." [43]

France

In 2011, France, under President Nicolas Sarkozy, led calls for international intervention in the Libyan Civil War, voted in favor of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 and, subsequently, dispatched the French Air Force into direct military action in Libya in support of the National Transitional Council. [44] At the time, France said the move was to protect Libyan civilians. But in a private email from Sidney Blumenthal to Hillary Clinton  –revealed as part of the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak –Blumenthal claimed France was more concerned with Libya's large gold reserves, which might pose a threat to the value of the Central African Franc, thereby weakening French influence in Africa, and that Sarkozy was interested in increased access to Libyan oil. Former French diplomat Patrick Haimzadeh called Blumenthal's analysis, while it reflected a popular theory on conspiracy websites, "not credible" because "the timeline just doesn't add up" with Sarkozy's decision to intervene preceding knowledge of Gaddafi's plans. [45] French investigative journalist Fabrice Arfi dismissed Blumenthal's claim as "far-fetched," while also acknowledging that even U.S. intelligence did not find France's publicly stated motivations for the Libya intervention to be entirely credible either. [45]

Perpetrators

Cybersecurity analysis

A self-styled hacker going by the moniker "Guccifer 2.0" claimed to be the source of the leaks; [46] [47] WikiLeaks did not reveal its source. [27] When asked about Guccifer 2.0's leaks, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange said, "These look very much like they’re from the Russians. But in some ways, they look very amateur, and almost look too much like the Russians." [48] [49] Cybersecurity experts and firms, including CrowdStrike, Fidelis Cybersecurity, Mandiant, SecureWorks, and ThreatConnect, and the editor for Ars Technica , stated the leak was part of a series of cyberattacks on the DNC committed by two Russian intelligence groups. [19] [50] [51] [4] [52] [53] U.S. intelligence agencies also stated (with "high confidence" [54] ) that the Russian government was behind the theft of emails and documents from the DNC, according to reports in the New York Times and the Washington Post. [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange initially stuck to WikiLeaks policy of neither confirming nor denying sources but in January 2017 said that their "source is not the Russian government and it is not a state party," [59] [60] and the Russian government said it had no involvement. [61]

Comey testified that the FBI requested, but did not receive, physical access to the DNC servers. [62] [63] According to Comey, the FBI did obtain copies of the servers and all the information on them, as well as access to forensics from CrowdStrike, a third-party cybersecurity company that reviewed the DNC servers. [63] Comey said that access through Crowdstrike was an "appropriate substitute" and called the firm a "highly respected private company." [63] [62]

Guccifer 2.0 submission to WikiLeaks

A week after Guccifer 2.0 appeared online, WikiLeaks sent the persona a message saying to "send any new material here for us to review and it will have a much higher impact than what you are doing." [64] After not receiving a reply, on July 26, 2016 WikiLeaks sent another message that said "if you have anything hillary related we want it in the next tweo [sic] days prefable [sic] because the DNC is approaching and she will solidify bernie supporters behind her after." Guccifer 2.0 responded "ok ... i see," and WikiLeaks added "we think trump has only a 25% chance of winning against hillary ... so conflict between bernie and hillary is interesting." [65] [66] On July 14, 2016 Guccifer 2.0 sent WikiLeaks an email with an encrypted attachment labeled "wk dnc link1.txt.gpg." [67] According to the indictment, the email explained that "the encrypted file contained instructions on how to access an online archive of stolen DNC documents." [64]

Four days later, WikiLeaks responded that it had received "the 1Gb or so archive" and would release the files that week. [64] The DNC emails were released several days later.

United States intelligence conclusions

ODNI declassified assessment of "Russian activities and intentions in recent U.S. elections" ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections.pdf
ODNI declassified assessment of "Russian activities and intentions in recent U.S. elections"

On October 7, 2016, the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence stated that the US intelligence community was "confident" that the Russian government directed the breaches and the release of the obtained or allegedly obtained material in an attempt to "... interfere with the US election process." [68] [69] [70]

The U.S. Intelligence Community tasked resources debating why Putin chose summer 2016 to escalate active measures influencing U.S. politics. [71] Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper said after the 2011–13 Russian protests, Putin's confidence in his viability as a politician was damaged, and Putin responded with the propaganda operation. [71] Former CIA officer Patrick Skinner explained the goal was to spread uncertainty. [72] U.S. Congressman Adam Schiff, Ranking Member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, commented on Putin's aims, and said U.S. intelligence agencies were concerned with Russian propaganda. [71] Speaking about disinformation that appeared in Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, Schiff said there was an increase of the same behavior in the U.S. [71] Schiff concluded Russian propaganda operations would continue against the U.S. after the election. [71]

On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded Russia conducted operations during the 2016 U.S. election to assist Donald Trump in winning the presidency. [14] [73] [74] Multiple U.S. intelligence agencies concluded people with direct ties to the Kremlin gave WikiLeaks hacked emails from the DNC and additional sources such as John Podesta, campaign chairman for Hillary Clinton. [14] These [75] [ citation needed ] intelligence organizations additionally concluded Russia attempted to hack the Republican National Committee (RNC) as well as the DNC but were prevented by security defenses on the RNC network. [76] [77]

In December 2016, the CIA said the foreign intelligence agents were Russian operatives previously known to the U.S. [14] CIA officials told U.S. Senators it was "quite clear" Russia's intentions were to help Trump. [73] Trump released a statement December 9, and disregarded the CIA conclusions. [14]

In June 2017, former Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson, who was appointed by and served under President Barack Obama, testified before a House Select committee that his department offered their assistance to the DNC during the campaign to determine what happened to their server, but said his efforts were "rebuffed" because the Department of Homeland Security was offering to provide assistance months after the FBI had provided assistance. [78] [79]

Throughout late 2017 into early 2018, numerous individuals gave testimonies to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI) who were charged with carrying out an investigation into the series of cyberattacks. [80]

Steele dossier allegations

The Steele dossier, a controversial and unfinished political opposition research report published in January 2017 without the author's permission, included several allegations relating to the hacking and leaking of the emails. The individuals named have denied the allegations. Some allegations have been publicly confirmed, [81] however the intelligence community and most experts have treated the dossier with caution due to its unverified allegations. [82]

Reactions

On July 18, 2016, Dmitry Peskov, press secretary for Russian president Vladimir Putin, stated that the Russian government had no involvement in the DNC hacking incident. [83] Peskov called it "paranoid" and "absurd", [84] saying: "We are again seeing these maniacal attempts to exploit the Russian theme in the US election campaign." [85] That position was later reiterated by the Russian Embassy in Washington, DC, which called the allegation "entirely unrealistic". [86]

Then-Republican nominee Donald Trump said on Twitter: "Leaked e-mails of DNC show plans to destroy Bernie Sanders. Mock his heritage and much more. On-line from Wikileakes [ sic ], really vicious. RIGGED." [87]

The leak fueled tensions going into the 2016 Democratic National Convention: although DNC operatives initially denied accusations of bias, Sanders operatives and multiple media commentators cited the leaks as clear evidence that the DNC had been favoring Clinton and undermining Sanders. [87] [88] [52] [89] Several media commentators have disputed the significance of the emails, arguing that the DNC's internal preference for Clinton was not historically unusual and was unlikely to have swayed the final outcome of the primary; [90] [91] [92] whereas many of Sanders's supporters viewed the revelations as symptomatic of an entrenched, unethical political establishment. [93] [94]

On July 24, 2016, Sanders urged Wasserman Schultz to resign following the leak and stated that he was "disappointed" by the leak, but that he was "not shocked." [52] [95] Jeff Weaver, Bernie Sanders's campaign manager, called for greater accountability in the DNC, calling Wasserman Schultz "a figure of disunity" within the Democratic Party. [96] [97] Later the same day, Wasserman Schultz resigned from her position as DNC Chairman, effective as of the end of the nominating convention. [98] After Wasserman Schultz resigned, Sanders said that she had "made the right decision for the future of the Democratic Party." [99] On the following day, the DNC apologized to Bernie Sanders and his supporters, stating, "On behalf of everyone at the DNC, we want to offer a deep and sincere apology to Senator Sanders, his supporters, and the entire Democratic Party for the inexcusable remarks made over email," and that the emails did not reflect the DNC's "steadfast commitment to neutrality during the nominating process." [11] On July 24, 2016, in an interview with NPR, former DNC Chair and former Governor of Virginia Terry McAuliffe said "... that the chair's job should be "to remain neutral." "I sat in that chair in 2004 trying to navigate all the different candidates we had. But if you had people in there who were trashing one of the candidates, I can tell you this, if I were still chairman they wouldn't be working there. I mean, that is just totally unacceptable behavior." [100]

On July 25, 2016, Anthony Zurcher, North America reporter for the BBC, commented that "the revelation that those in the heart of the Democratic establishment sought to undermine the anti-establishment Sanders is roughly on a par with [ Casablanca character] police Capt Renault's professed shock that gambling was taking place in the Casablanca club he was raiding, as a waiter hands him his winnings." [101]

On July 25, 2016, Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus said that "Today's events show really what an uphill climb the Democrats are facing this week in unifying their party. Starting out the week by losing your party chairman over longstanding bitterness between factions is no way to keep something together." [102]

After the emails were released, the Australian diplomat Alexander Downer informed the U.S. government that, in May 2016 at a London wine bar, Trump campaign staffer George Papadopoulos had told him that the Russian government had a large trove of Hillary Clinton emails that could potentially damage her presidential campaign. The FBI started a counterintelligence investigation into possible Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. [103] [104]

On October 14, 2016, NBC News reported that multiple sources were telling them that Barack Obama had ordered the CIA to present him with options for a retaliatory cyber attack against the Russian Federation for allegedly interfering in the US presidential election. Sources said that this is not the first time the CIA has presented such options to a president, but that on all previous occasions the decision was made not to carry out the proposed attacks. [105]

Media coverage and public perception

On July 27, 2016, the New York Times reported that Julian Assange, in an interview on British ITV on June 12, 2016, had "made it clear that he hoped to harm Hillary Clinton's chances of winning the presidency," and that in a later interview [106] on the program Democracy Now! on July 25, 2016, the first day of the Democratic National Convention, he acknowledged that "he had timed their release to coincide with the Democratic convention." [54] [107] In an interview with CNN, Assange would neither confirm nor deny who WikiLeaks' sources were; he claimed that his website "... might release 'a lot more material' relevant to the US electoral campaign ..." [108]

Following the publication of the stolen emails, NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden criticized WikiLeaks for its wholesale leakage of data, writing that "their hostility to even modest curation is a mistake." [22] The Washington Post contrasted the difference between WikiLeaks' practices and Snowden's disclosure of information about NSA: while Snowden worked with journalists to vet documents (withholding some, where it would endanger national security), WikiLeaks' "more radical" approach involves the dumping of "massive, searchable caches online with few—if any—apparent efforts to remove sensitive personal information." [22]

On July 25, 2016, Anne Applebaum, columnist for the Washington Post, wrote that:

... with the exception of a few people on Twitter and a handful of print journalists, most of those covering this story, especially on television, are not interested in the nature of the hackers, and they are not asking why the Russians apparently chose to pass the emails on to WikiLeaks at this particular moment, on the eve of the Democratic National Convention. They are focusing instead on the content of what were meant to be private emails ...

She went on to describe in detail other Russian destabilization campaigns in Eastern European countries. [109]

On July 25, 2016, Thomas Rid, Professor in Security Studies at King's College, London, and non-resident fellow at the School for Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, DC, summed up the evidence pointing to Russia being behind the hacking of the DNC files and the "Guccifer-branded leaking operation.” He concluded that these actions successfully blunted the "DNC's ability to use its opposition research in surprise against Trump ..." [51] He further writes that data exfiltration from political organizations is done by many countries and is considered to be a legitimate form of intelligence work. "But digitally exfiltrating and then publishing possibly manipulated documents disguised as freewheeling hacktivism is crossing a big red line and setting a dangerous precedent: an authoritarian country directly yet covertly trying to sabotage an American election." [51]

Russian security expert and investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov said, "It is almost impossible to know for sure whether or not Russia is behind a hack of the DNC's servers." According to him, one of the reasons Russia would try to sway the US presidential election is that the Russian government considers Clinton "a hater of Russia": "There is this mentality in Russia of being besieged; that it is always under attack from the United States. … They are trying to interfere in our internal affairs so why not try to do the same thing to them?" [110]

Civil DNC lawsuit

On April 20, 2018, the Democratic National Committee filed a civil lawsuit in federal court in New York, accusing the Russian government, the Trump campaign, Wikileaks, and others of conspiracy to alter the course of the 2016 presidential election and asking for monetary damages and a declaration admitting guilt. A hearing on the defendants' motions to dismiss was scheduled for May 17, 2018. [111] [112] In July 2019, the suit was dismissed with prejudice. In his judgement, federal judge John Koeltl said that although he believed the Russian government was involved in the hacking, US federal law generally prohibited suits against foreign governments. The judge said the other defendants "did not participate in any wrongdoing in obtaining the materials in the first place" and were therefore within the law in publishing the information. He also said that the DNC's argument was "entirely divorced from the facts" and even if the Russians had directly provided the hacked documents to the Trump team, it would not be criminal for the campaign to publish those documents, as long as they did not contribute to the hacking itself. Koeltl denied the defendants motion for sanctions, but dismissed the suit with prejudice, meaning it had a substantive legal defect and could not be refiled. [113]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Democratic National Committee</span> Top institution of the U.S. Democratic Party

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal executive leadership board of the United States Democratic Party. According to the party charter, it has "general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions", and particularly coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand" and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donna Brazile</span> American author, educator, and political activist and strategist (born 1959)

Donna Lease Brazile is an American political strategist, campaign manager, and political analyst who served twice as acting Chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). She is currently an ABC News contributor, and was previously a Fox News contributor until her resignation in May 2021. Brazile was also previously a CNN contributor, but resigned in October 2016, after WikiLeaks revealed that she shared two debate questions with Hillary Clinton's campaign during the 2016 United States presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Debbie Wasserman Schultz</span> American politician (born 1966)

Deborah Wasserman Schultz is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 25th congressional district, first elected to Congress in 2004. A member of the Democratic Party, she is a former chair of the Democratic National Committee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WikiLeaks</span> News leak publishing organisation

WikiLeaks is a non-profit media organisation and publisher of leaked documents. It is funded by donations and media partnerships. It has published classified documents and other media provided by anonymous sources. It was founded in 2006 by Julian Assange, an Australian editor, publisher, and activist. Since September 2018, Kristinn Hrafnsson has served as its editor-in-chief. Its website states that it has released more than ten million documents and associated analyses. WikiLeaks' most recent publication of original documents was in 2019 and its most recent publication was in 2021. From November 2022, numerous documents on the organisation's website became inaccessible. In 2023, Assange said that WikiLeaks is no longer able to publish due to his imprisonment and the effect that US government surveillance and WikiLeaks' funding restrictions were having on potential whistleblowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Democratic National Convention</span> American political event

The 2016 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention, held at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 25 to 28, 2016. The convention gathered delegates of the Democratic Party, the majority of them elected through a preceding series of primaries and caucuses, to nominate a candidate for president and vice president in the 2016 United States presidential election. Former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was chosen as the party's nominee for president by a 54% majority of delegates present at the convention roll call securing it over primary rival Senator Bernie Sanders, who received 46% of votes from delegates, and becoming the first female candidate to be formally nominated for president by a major political party in the United States. Her running mate, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, was confirmed by delegates as the party's nominee for vice president by acclamation.

WikiLeaks, a whistleblowing website founded by Julian Assange, has received praise as well as criticism from the public, hacktivists, journalist organisations and government officials. The organisation has revealed human rights abuses and was the target of an alleged "cyber war". Allegations have been made that Wikileaks worked with or was exploited by the Russian government and acted in a partisan manner during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span> Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 4,051 delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention held July 25–28 and determine the nominee for President in the 2016 United States presidential election. The elections took place within all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad and occurred between February 1 and June 14, 2016. Between 2008 and 2020, this was the only Democratic Party primary in which the nominee had never been nor had ever become President of the United States. This was the first Democratic primary to nominate a woman for President.

In the 2016 presidential campaign, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders sought the Democratic Party's nomination in a field of six major candidates and was the runner up with 46% of the pledged delegates behind former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who won the contest with 54%. Sanders, the junior United States senator and former Representative from Vermont, began with an informal announcement on April 30, 2015, and a formal announcement that he planned to seek the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States on May 26, 2015, in Burlington, Vermont. Sanders had been considered a potential candidate for president since at least September 2014. Though he had previously run as an independent, he routinely caucused with the Democratic Party, as many of his views align with Democrats. Running as a Democrat made it easier to participate in debates and get his name on state ballots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tim Canova</span> American law professor (born 1960)

Timothy A. Canova is an American politician and law professor specializing in banking and finance. Canova was a candidate for Florida's 23rd congressional district, unsuccessfully challenging Debbie Wasserman Schultz in the 2016 Democratic primary, and again in the 2018 general election, where he ran as an independent candidate. He later supported President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.

The Democratic National Committee cyber attacks took place in 2015 and 2016, in which two groups of Russian computer hackers infiltrated the Democratic National Committee (DNC) computer network, leading to a data breach. Cybersecurity experts, as well as the U.S. government, determined that the cyberespionage was the work of Russian intelligence agencies.

"Guccifer 2.0" is a persona which claimed to be the hacker(s) who gained unauthorized access to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) computer network and then leaked its documents to the media, the website WikiLeaks, and a conference event. Some of the documents "Guccifer 2.0" released to the media appear to be forgeries cobbled together from public information and previous hacks, which had been mixed with disinformation. According to indictments in February 2018, the persona is operated by Russian military intelligence agency GRU. On July 13, 2018, Special Counsel Robert Mueller indicted 12 GRU agents for allegedly perpetrating the cyberattacks.

The murder of Seth Rich occurred on July 10, 2016, at 4:20 a.m. in the Bloomingdale neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Rich died about an hour and a half after being shot twice in the back. The perpetrators were never apprehended; police suspected he had been the victim of an attempted robbery.

DCLeaks was a website that was established in June 2016. It was responsible for publishing leaks of emails belonging to multiple prominent figures in the United States government and military. Cybersecurity research firms determined the site is a front for the Russian cyber-espionage group Fancy Bear. On July 13, 2018, an indictment was made against 12 Russian GRU military officers; it alleged that DCLeaks is part of a Russian military operation to interfere in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

In March 2016, the personal Gmail account of John Podesta, a former White House chief of staff and chair of Hillary Clinton's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, was compromised in a data breach accomplished via a spear-phishing attack, and some of his emails, many of which were work-related, were hacked. Cybersecurity researchers as well as the United States government attributed responsibility for the breach to the Russian cyber spying group Fancy Bear, allegedly two units of a Russian military intelligence agency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</span>

The Russian government conducted foreign electoral interference in the 2016 United States elections with the goals of sabotaging the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton, boosting the presidential campaign of Donald Trump, and increasing political and social discord in the United States. According to the U.S. intelligence community, the operation—code named Project Lakhta—was ordered directly by Russian president Vladimir Putin. The "hacking and disinformation campaign" to damage Clinton and help Trump became the "core of the scandal known as Russiagate". The 448-page Mueller Report, made public in April 2019, examined over 200 contacts between the Trump campaign and Russian officials but concluded that there was insufficient evidence to bring any conspiracy or coordination charges against Trump or his associates.

<i>Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections</i> 2017 US government report

Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections is a report issued by the United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) that assessed the extent and basis of Russia's interference in United States' elections in 2016. Published on January 6, 2017, the report includes an assessment by the National Security Agency, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the type and breadth of actions undertaken by Russia and affiliated elements during the elections. The report examines Russia's utilization of cyberspace such as hacking and the use of internet trolls and bots, and an intensive media campaign to influence public opinion in the United States. Additionally, it analyzes Russia's intentions and motivations in regards to their influence campaign. Issued in two forms, a classified version and a declassified version, the report drew its conclusions based on highly classified intelligence, an understanding of past Russian actions, and sensitive sources and methods.

<i>Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation</i> Civil lawsuit filed by the Democratic National Committee (DNC)

Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation, et al. was a civil lawsuit filed by the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Russian Federation, WikiLeaks and other entities and individuals. The case, relating to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, was filed on April 20, 2018. The DNC's complaint accused the Trump campaign of engaging in a racketeering enterprise in conjunction with Russia and WikiLeaks. The American Civil Liberties Union, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and others filed friend-of-the-court briefs expressing concern over the lawsuit's implications for freedom of the press.

This is a timeline of events related to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, sorted by topics. It also includes events described in investigations into the many suspicious links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies. Those investigations continued in 2017, the first and second halves of 2018, and 2019, largely as parts of the Crossfire Hurricane FBI investigation, the Special Counsel investigation, multiple ongoing criminal investigations by several State Attorneys General, and the investigation resulting in the Inspector General report on FBI and DOJ actions in the 2016 election.

This is a timeline of events related to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 United States election leaks</span> Leaks during the 2016 U.S. elections

The 2016 United States election leaks were a series of publications of more than 150,000 stolen emails and other files during the U.S. presidential election campaigns released by Guccifer 2.0, DCLeaks and WikiLeaks. Computer hackers allegedly affiliated with the Russian military intelligence service (GRU) infiltrated information systems of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), and Clinton campaign officials, notably chairman John Podesta, and leaked some of the stolen materials. Emails from Guccifer 2.0 to journalists suggest a link to DCLeaks, and messages WikiLeaks exchanged with Guccifer 2.0 and DCLeaks suggest both submitted emails to WikiLeaks.

References

  1. 1 2 Polantz, Katelyn; Collinson, Stephen (July 13, 2018). "12 Russians indicted in Mueller investigation". CNN . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Satter, Raphael; Donn, Jeff; Day, Chad (November 4, 2017). "Inside Story: How Russians Hacked the Democrats' Emails: How did Russian hackers pry into Clinton campaign emails? Huge effort made quick work". US News . Associated Press. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ Tumulty, Karen; Hamburger, Tom (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks releases thousands of documents about Clinton and internal deliberations". The Washington Post .
  4. 1 2 Peterson, Andrea (July 22, 2016). "Wikileaks posts nearly 20,000 hacked DNC emails online". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  5. ↑ Uchill, Joe (November 7, 2016). "WikiLeaks releases new DNC emails day before election". The Hill . Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  6. ↑ Baum, Matthew A.; Gussin, Phil (November 1, 2016). "Why it's entirely predictable that Hillary Clinton's emails are back in the news". The Washington Post . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  7. ↑ Enten, Harry (December 23, 2016). "How Much Did WikiLeaks Hurt Hillary Clinton?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved February 15, 2018. The evidence suggests WikiLeaks is among the factors that might have contributed to her loss, but we really can't say much more than that.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blake, Aaron (July 25, 2016). "The Fix: Here are the latest, most damaging things in the DNC's leaked emails". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  9. ↑ Stein, Jeff (November 2, 2017). "Donna Brazile's bombshell about the DNC and Hillary Clinton, explained". Vox . Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  10. ↑ Martin, Jonathan; Rappeport, Alan (July 24, 2016). "Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign D.N.C. Post". The New York Times . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  11. 1 2 Beech, Eric (July 25, 2016). "Democratic National Committee apologizes to Sanders over emails". Reuters . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  12. ↑ Zeleny, Jeff; Kopan, Tal (August 2, 2016). "DNC CEO resigns in wake of email controversy". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  13. ↑ Shuster, Simon (July 26, 2016). "Why Putin Has an Electoral Bone to Pick With Hillary Clinton". Time. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Entous, Adam; Nakashima, Ellen; Miller, Greg (December 9, 2016). "Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House". The Washington Post . Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Julian Assange: Russian government not source of leaked DNC and Podesta emails – WikiLeaks editor contradicts CIA claims in new interview". Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  16. ↑ Shabad, Rebecca (October 7, 2016). "U.S. intel community 'confident' Russia directed hacks to influence election" . Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  17. ↑ McKirdy, Euan (January 4, 2017). "WikiLeaks' Assange: Russia didn't give us emails". CNN. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  18. ↑
  19. 1 2 Goodin, Dan (June 16, 2016). ""Guccifer" leak of DNC Trump research has a Russian's fingerprints on it". Ars Technica . Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  20. ↑ "DNC Emails". Scribd.com. Scribd. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  21. ↑ McCarthy, Kieren (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks fights The Man by, er, publishing ordinary people's personal information". The Register. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  22. 1 2 3 Peterson, Andrea (July 28, 2016). "Snowden and WikiLeaks clash over leaked Democratic Party emails". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  23. ↑ DuVall, Eric (August 13, 2016). "Suspected Russian hackers release lawmakers' personal information". United Press International . Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  24. ↑ Joe, Concha (July 25, 2016). "Todd, Tapper respond to being named in leaked WikiLeaks DNC emails". The Hill . Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  25. ↑ Wemple, Erik (July 24, 2016). "WikiLeaks emails: Pro-Clinton CNN political commentator pre-checked op-ed with DNC". The Washington Post . ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  26. ↑ Grynbaum, Michael M. (July 24, 2016). "Ego Clashes Exposed in Leaked Emails From Democratic National Committee". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  27. 1 2 Albarazi, Hannah (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks' DNC Email Leak Reveals Off The Record Media Correspondence". CBS News San Francisco. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  28. 1 2 Shear, Michael (July 22, 2016). "Released Emails Suggest the D.N.C. Derided the Sanders Campaign". The New York Times . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  29. 1 2 3 "Leaked DNC emails reveal details of anti-Sanders sentiment". The Guardian . Associated Press. July 24, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  30. ↑ Haberman, Maggie; Corasanti, Nick (December 18, 2016). "Democrats and Bernie Sanders Clash Over Data Breach". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  31. ↑ Jacobs, Ben (December 18, 2015). "Democrats punish Bernie Sanders campaign following Clinton data breach". The Guardian . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  32. ↑ Wagner, John (April 29, 2016). "Sanders campaign drops lawsuit against DNC stemming from December data-breach flap". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  33. ↑ Man, Anthony (July 23, 2016). "Emails offer insights into Wasserman Schultz at DNC". Sun-Sentinel . Archived from the original on July 26, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  34. ↑ Zeleny, Jeff; Lee, MJ; Bradner, Eric (July 24, 2016). "Dems open convention without Wasserman Schultz". CNN . Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  35. ↑ Carney, Jordain (July 22, 2016). "Wasserman Schultz called top Sanders aide a 'damn liar' in leaked email". The Hill . Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Is the DNC Chair too divisive to unify the party?". Morning Joe . MSNBC. May 25, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  37. ↑ Hains, Tim (May 18, 2016). "MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski Calls For DNC Chair To Step Down Over Bias Against Sanders". RealClearPolitics . Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  38. ↑ Callum, Borchers (July 25, 2016). "Emails show Debbie Wasserman Schultz pressured 'Morning Joe'—to no avail". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  39. ↑ Reisman, Sam (July 22, 2016). "Leaked Emails Show DNC Chair Told Chuck Todd Negative Coverage 'Must Stop'". Mediaite . Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  40. ↑ Jilani, Zaid (July 22, 2016). "DNC Staffers Mocked the Bernie Sanders Campaign, Leaked Emails Show". The Intercept . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  41. ↑ Norton, Ben (July 22, 2016). "DNC emails: Wasserman Schultz furiously pressured MSNBC after it criticized her "unfair" treatment of Sanders". Salon . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  42. 1 2 Eder, Steve; Confessore, Nicholas (July 25, 2016). "In Hacked D.N.C. Emails, a Glimpse of How Big Money Works". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  43. 1 2 3 Goodwin, Alec (July 26, 2016). "Leaks show DNC asked White House to reward donors with slots on boards and commissions". OpenSecrets . Retrieved July 29, 2016.
  44. ↑ Elliott, Michael (March 19, 2011). "Viewpoint: How Libya Became a French and British War". TIME . Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  45. 1 2 Asher-Schapiro, Avi (January 12, 2016). "Libyan Oil, Gold, and Qaddafi: The Strange Email Sidney Blumenthal Sent Hillary Clinton In 2011". Vice . Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  46. ↑ Uchill, Joe (July 26, 2016). "Evidence mounts linking DNC email hacker to Russia". The Hill . Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  47. ↑ Uchill, Joe (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks posts 20,000 DNC emails". The Hill . Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  48. ↑ Uchill, Joe (December 15, 2016). "Assange: Some leaks may have been Russian". The Hill . Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  49. ↑ Khatchadourian, Raffi (July 24, 2018). "What the Latest Mueller Indictment Reveals About WikiLeaks' Ties to Russia—and What It Doesn't". The New Yorker . Condé Nast. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  50. ↑ Shieber, Jonathan; Conger, Kate (July 27, 2016). "Did Russian government hackers leak the DNC emails?". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  51. 1 2 3 Rid, Thomas (July 25, 2016). "All Signs Point to Russia Being Behind the DNC Hack". Motherboard. Vice . Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  52. 1 2 3 Yuhas, Alan (July 24, 2016). "DNC email leak: Sanders calls for new leader as Clinton camp blames Russia". The Guardian . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  53. ↑ Thielman, Sam (July 26, 2016). "DNC email leak: Russian hackers Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear behind breach". The Guardian . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  54. 1 2 3 Sanger, David E.; Schmitt, Eric. "Spy Agency Consensus Grows That Russia Hacked D.N.C." The New York Times . Retrieved July 26, 2016. (citing "federal officials who have been briefed on the evidence").
  55. ↑ Nakashima, Ellen (July 27, 2016). "Is there a Russian master plan to install Trump in the White House? Some intelligence officials are skeptical". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  56. ↑ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (October 20, 2016). "How Hackers Broke Into John Podesta and Colin Powell's Gmail Accounts". Motherboard. Vice . Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  57. ↑ Rid, Thomas (October 20, 2016). "How Russia Pulled Off the Biggest Election Hack in U.S. History". Esquire. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  58. ↑ Frenkel, Sheena (October 15, 2016). "Meet Fancy Bear". Buzzfeed News. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  59. ↑ Johnson, Alex (July 25, 2016). "WikiLeaks' Julian Assange: 'No Proof' Hacked DNC Emails Came From Russia". NBC News.
  60. ↑ Schwartz, Ian (January 2, 2017). "Assange To Hannity: Source For WikiLeaks Was Not Russian Government". Real Clear Politics.
  61. ↑ Soldatkin, Vladimir; Chiacu, Doina (June 14, 2016). "Moscow denies Russian involvement in U.S. DNC hacking". Reuters. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  62. 1 2 Schultheis, Emily (January 10, 2017). "FBI Director Comey: Agency requested access to DNC servers". CBS News.
  63. 1 2 3 Tobias, Manuela (July 11, 2017). "Did John Podesta deny CIA and FBI access to DNC server, as Donald Trump claims?".
  64. 1 2 3 Lee, Micah (July 18, 2018). "What Mueller's Latest Indictment Reveals About Russian and U.S. Spycraft". The Intercept. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  65. ↑ Nilsen, Ella (July 13, 2018). "The Mueller indictments reveal the timing of the DNC leak was intentional". Vox . Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  66. ↑ Bump, Philip (July 13, 2018). "Timeline: How Russian agents allegedly hacked the DNC and Clinton's campaign". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  67. ↑ Poulsen, Kevin (April 18, 2019). "Mueller Report: Assange Smeared Seth Rich to Cover for Russians". The Daily Beast . Retrieved April 22, 2019. Julian Assange not only knew that a murdered Democratic National Committee staffer wasn't his source for thousands of hacked party emails, he was in active contact with his real sources in Russia's GRU months after Seth Rich's death. At the same time he was publicly working to shift blame onto the slain staffer "to obscure the source of the materials he was releasing," Special Counsel Robert Mueller asserts in his final report on Russia's role in the 2016 presidential election.
  68. ↑ Nakashima, Ellen (October 7, 2016). "US government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections". The Washington Post . Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  69. ↑ Ackerman, Spencer; Thielman, Sam (October 8, 2016). "US officially accuses Russia of hacking DNC and interfering with election". The Guardian . Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  70. ↑ Perez, Evan; Schleifer, Theodore (October 7, 2016). "US accuses Russia of trying to interfere with 2016 election". CNN. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  71. 1 2 3 4 5 Harris, Shane (November 4, 2016). "Vladimir Putin Wins the Election No Matter Who The Next President Is". The Daily Beast . Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  72. ↑ Schatz, Bryan (November 21, 2016). "The Kremlin Would Be Proud of Trump's Propaganda Playbook". Mother Jones . Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  73. 1 2 Sanchez, Chris; Logan, Bryan (December 9, 2016). "The CIA says it has evidence that Russia tried to help Trump win the US election". Business Insider . Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  74. ↑ Sommerfeldt, Chris (December 9, 2016). "Russia intervened in the 2016 election to help Donald Trump win the White House: report". New York Daily News . Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  75. ↑ Grimm, Linda (2018). "Director of National Intelligence Declassifies Report on Russian Interference in 2016 U.S. Election". Historic Documents of 2017. Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press. pp. 12–22. doi:10.4135/9781544300726.n2. ISBN   978-1-5443-0070-2 . Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  76. ↑ Sanger, David E.; Shane, Scott (December 9, 2016). "Russia hacked Republican committee but kept data, U.S. concludes". Houston Chronicle . The New York Times . Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  77. ↑ Harris, Shane; Barrett, Devlin; Barnes, Julian E. (December 16, 2016). "Republican National Committee Security Foiled Russian Hackers". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  78. ↑ Boylan, Dan (July 5, 2017). "DNC email server most wanted evidence for Russia investigations". The Washington Times . Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  79. ↑ Wright, Austin (June 22, 2017). "DNC: The Russians had been booted from our system by the time DHS called". Politico . Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  80. ↑ "Russia Investigation Transcripts and Documents". House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  81. ↑ Sciutto, Jim; Perez, Evan (February 10, 2017). "US investigators corroborate some aspects of the Russia dossier". CNN . Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  82. ↑ Cullison, Alan; Volz, Dustin (April 19, 2019). "Mueller Report Dismisses Many Steele Dossier Claims". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  83. ↑ "Hacker Guccifer 2.0 claims new DNC data leak". Fox News . July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  84. ↑ "Amid FBI probe Russia denies it hacked Democrats' emails". Deutsche Welle . AP, Reuters, AFP. July 26, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  85. ↑ "Kremlin dismisses US Democratic email hack claims as 'absurd' and an 'old trick'". ABC News . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Reuters/AFP. July 26, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  86. ↑ "Media claims of Moscow's attempts to interfere in U.S. presidential campaign progress unfounded – Russian Embassy". Interfax . Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  87. 1 2 Schleifer, Theodore; Scott, Eugene (July 25, 2016). "What was in the DNC email leak?". CNN . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  88. ↑ Chan, Melissa (July 24, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Calls for Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign After Email Leak". Time. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  89. ↑ Flaherty, Anne (July 24, 2016). "Sanders Calls for DNC Chair's Resignation as Hacked Emails Overshadow Convention". Haaretz . Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  90. ↑ Heersink, Boris (November 4, 2017). "No, the DNC didn't 'rig' the Democratic primary for Hillary Clinton". The Washington Post . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  91. ↑ Houle, Dana (July 25, 2016). "No, the DNC Didn't Rig the Primary in Favor of Hillary". The New Republic . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  92. ↑ Holland, Joshua (July 29, 2016). "What the Leaked E-mails Do and Don't Tell Us About the DNC and Bernie Sanders". The Nation . Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  93. ↑ Cassidy, John (July 25, 2016). "Why Some of Bernie Sanders's Supporters Are Angry". The New Yorker . Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  94. ↑ West, John (July 26, 2016). "The DNC email leaks expose the rampant elitism that made way for Trump". Quartz . Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  95. ↑ Walker, Hayley (July 24, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Calls for Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign in Wake of Email Leaks". ABC News . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  96. ↑ Drabold, Will (July 25, 2016). "DNC Apologizes to Bernie Sanders and Supporters". TIME.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  97. ↑ Parks, Maryalice (July 30, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Campaign Chief Says Someone Must Be 'Accountable' for What DNC Emails Show". ABC News. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  98. ↑ Whitesides, John (July 24, 2016). "Democrats in disarray on eve of convention to nominate Clinton". Reuters. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  99. ↑ Hellmann, Jessie (July 24, 2016). "Sanders: Wasserman Schultz made 'right decision' to resign from DNC". The Hill . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  100. ↑ Kelly, Amita; Peralta, Eyder (July 24, 2016). "Debbie Wasserman Schultz To Step Down As Democratic Chair After Convention". NPR . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  101. ↑ "US election: Email row claims Debbie Wasserman Schultz". BBC News . July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  102. ↑ Siddiqui, Sabrina (July 24, 2016). "Priebus and Manafort seize on Wasserman Schultz DNC resignation". The Guardian . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  103. ↑ LaFraniere, Sharon; Mazzetti, Mark; Apuzzo, Matt (December 30, 2017). "How the Russia Inquiry Began: A Campaign Aide, Drinks and Talk of Political Dirt". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  104. ↑ Remeikis, Amy (January 1, 2018). "Trump-Russia inquiry: Australian PM denies US relationship damaged by Downer report". The Guardian . Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  105. ↑ Arkin, William M.; Dilanian, Ken; Windrem, Robert (October 14, 2016). "CIA Prepping for Possible Cyber Strike Against Russia". NBC News. NBC News. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  106. ↑ Assange, Julian (July 25, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE: WikiLeaks' Julian Assange on Releasing DNC Emails That Ousted Debbie Wasserman Schultz". Democracy Now! (Interview). Interviewed by Amy Goodman; Juan González . Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  107. ↑ Savage, Charlie (July 26, 2016). "Assange, Avowed Foe of Clinton, Timed Email Release for Democratic Convention". The New York Times . Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  108. ↑ Chance, Matthew (July 27, 2016). "Julian Assange: 'A lot more material' coming on US elections". CNN . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  109. ↑ Anne, Applebaum (July 25, 2016). "Connecting the dots: How Russia benefits from the DNC mail leaks". The Washington Post .
  110. ↑ Burrows, Emma (July 27, 2016). "'Pro-Kremlin youth groups' could be behind DNC hack". Deutsche Welle . Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  111. ↑ Burns, Alexander; Shear, Michael D. (April 20, 2018). "Democratic Party Alleges Trump-Russia Conspiracy in New Lawsuit". The Washington Post . Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  112. ↑ Hamburger, Tom; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Nakashima, Ellen (April 20, 2018). "Democratic Party sues Russia, Trump campaign and WikiLeaks alleging 2016 campaign conspiracy". The Washington Post . Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  113. ↑ Re, Gregg (July 31, 2019). "Judge dismisses DNC lawsuit against Trump campaign, Russia, WikiLeaks over hacking". msn. Archived from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.