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538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win | |||||||
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2028 electoral map, based on the results of the 2020 census. | |||||||
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Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in the United States on November 7, 2028, [1] to elect a president and vice president for a term of four years. The victors of the election are expected to be inaugurated on January 20, 2029.
After winning the 2016 and 2024 presidential elections, Donald Trump is ineligible for a third term, due to the provisions of the Twenty-second Amendment. Trump's second term expires at noon on January 20, 2029, when the winners of the election will be inaugurated as the president and vice president of the United States.
As the vice president-elect of the United States, JD Vance is likely to be considered a frontrunner for the Republican nomination for president, with governors Ron DeSantis of Florida and Glenn Youngkin of Virginia as potential contenders.
Vice President Kamala Harris, governors Andy Beshear of Kentucky, Roy Cooper of North Carolina, Wes Moore of Maryland, Gavin Newsom of California, JB Pritzker of Illinois, Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania, and Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan along with representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York and Dean Phillips of Minnesota are considered potential contenders for the Democratic presidential nomination.
The Republican Party, represented by Donald Trump and JD Vance, is expected to come to power in the United States in January 2025 following the 2024 election. Trump, who was elected president in 2016 but lost a re-election bid in 2020 to Joe Biden, defeated Vice President Kamala Harris, who began her campaign following president Joe Biden's exit from the 2024 election. Trump's victory was credited to a surge in inflation and an immigration crisis. [2] Republicans secured control of the Senate and retained a House majority. [3]
The president and vice president of the United States are elected through the Electoral College, a group of 538 presidential electors who convene to vote for the president and vice president. The number of electors in the Electoral College is determined through the total number of senators and representatives with an additional three representatives for Washington, D.C.. Electors cast votes for the president and vice president; the winner is elected through a majority of 270 votes. If the election ends in a tie, a contingent election occurs, in which the House of Representatives votes on the president and the Senate votes on the vice president. Forty-eight states use a winner-take-all system in which states award all of their electors to the winner of the popular vote. In Maine and Nebraska, two votes are allocated to the winner of the popular vote, while each of the individual congressional districts have one vote. Electoral votes are certified by state electors in December and by Congress on January 6. [4]
Presidential candidates are selected in a presidential primary, conducted through primary elections or caucuses. The results of primary elections, ran by state governments, and caucuses, ran by state parties, bind convention delegates to candidates. The Democratic Party mandates a proportional allocation if a candidate receives at least fifteen percent in a given congressional district, while the Republican Party gives state parties the authority to allocate all of the delegates to a candidate within the "proportionality window", set by the first two weeks of March. After the window, state parties may set individual rules. [5] A brokered convention occurs when a candidate does not receive a majority of votes on the first round of voting, [6] or when a candidate withdraws. [7]
Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years of age, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. [8] The Twenty-second Amendment forbids any person from being elected president more than twice. [9] [10] Trump is ineligible to seek a third term. [11]
Most U.S. states are not highly competitive in presidential elections, often voting consistently for the same party due to longstanding demographic differences. In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on swing states, which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states likely include the Rust Belt states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan, as well as the Sun Belt states of Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina,[ citation needed ] all of which were narrowly won by Trump in 2024. [12] [13] [14] The Minnesota Star Tribune also reported that the close margin in Minnesota would make it specifically a very likely swing state. [15]
Red states, also known as the red wall or red sea, are states that consistently vote Republican at the national level. The red wall has rarely been broken, as these states almost never swing. The last significant breach of the red wall occurred in the 1992 United States presidential election. States formerly considered swing states, such as Florida, Iowa, and Ohio, voted for Trump in all three of his elections, with increasing margins in each election (and have become reliably red in other state and federal elections) which suggests that they are no longer swing states. [16] [17] [18] Blue states are states that consistently vote Democratic at the national level. The blue states in 2024 include what is sometimes called the blue wall, [19] as well as Colorado, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and Virginia, former swing states that have become reliably blue since 2008 even in Republican national victories. [20] Due to its recent record of voting Democratic even during Republican national wins, Nebraska's 2nd congressional district is also sometimes considered blue. [21]
Ron DeSantis has served as the governor of Florida since 2019 and previously ran for the Republican nomination in 2024. DeSantis has demonstrated a potential for being a candidate in the 2028 presidential primaries, stating that Trump voters in Iowa told him that they would vote for him in 2028. [22] He appeared in a debate with California governor Gavin Newsom moderated by Fox News' Sean Hannity in November 2023, in what was viewed by NBC News as a precursor to a 2028 presidential bid. [23]
Brian Kemp has served as the governor of Georgia since 2019. Kemp opposed President Trump's claims of voter fraud in the 2020 election, but was ultimately endorsed by Trump in Kemp's successful 2022 re-election campaign. [24] Kemp has been floated as a potential candidate for federal office after being term-limited as governor, either for U.S. Senate in 2026 or for president in 2028. [25] [26]
JD Vance has served as a senator of Ohio since 2023 and is the vice president-elect after winning the 2024 election as Trump's running mate. Vance is the frontrunner in the primary election, according to The New York Times 's Nate Cohn, [27] and the "MAGA heir-apparent" according to USA Today , [28] as well as The Columbus Dispatch . [29] The Hill stated that Vance's debate performance against Minnesota governor Tim Walz in October 2024 improved his status as a presidential contender. [30]
Glenn Youngkin has served as the governor of Virginia since 2022, and is barred by the state's constitution from seeking a second consecutive term. Youngkin has been reported as a possible candidate by Politico . [31] According to The Washington Post , he is "appearing to lay the groundwork" for a 2028 presidential bid. [32]
Andy Beshear has served as the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election, [33] and was seen as a potential replacement for president Joe Biden before he withdrew from the race. [34] According to The Washington Post , Beshear formed a political action committee in January 2024 to increase his national profile. [35] In October 2024, Beshear headlined an event for the New Hampshire Democrats, a key early primary state, where he promoted both himself and Vice President Kamala Harris to attendees, signaling his future aspirations. [36] In response to ongoing speculation about his political ambitions, Beshear has stated in an interview with WDKY-TV that he will "see what the future holds", without explicitly ruling out a potential presidential run. [37]
Roy Cooper has served as the governor of North Carolina since 2017. He was considered a potential contender to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election but removed himself from consideration. [38] The New York Times mentioned that Cooper could mount a credible campaign for the Democratic party’s 2028 nomination. [39] Politico has also referred to Cooper as a potential contender for the 2028 Democratic Party's presidential nomination. [40]
Kamala Harris has served as the vice president of the United States since 2021. She became the nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election after Biden withdrew his bid, losing to Donald Trump. [41] Harris, who has the largest donor network in the Democratic Party, may run for the presidency again in 2028 according to The New York Times , [41] as well as Politico , [42] although her loss in the previous election could potentially give her a disadvantage. [41] According to USA Today , Harris intended to run in 2028 before Biden's withdrawal. [43] In November 2024, Politico reported that Harris is considering running for president in 2028 or for governor of California in 2026. [44]
Wes Moore has served as the governor of Maryland since 2023. Moore has been mentioned by Politico after Trump's victory as one of the Democrats positioning themself for a potential presidential run in 2028. [42] It was also reported by The Baltimore Sun that if Moore is a force campaigning for Democrats in the upcoming midterm cycle, he could position himself as a national voice that would be in talks for the presidency in 2028. [45]
Gavin Newsom has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by The New York Times, [46] Politico, [42] and The Washington Post after he garnered national attention by December 2023, [47] and he was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by The New York Times. [48] According to The New York Times, Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023. [49] In November 2023, he appeared in a debate with Florida governor Ron DeSantis moderated by Fox News' Sean Hannity, in an event that was viewed as a precursor to a presidential bid by NBC News. [23] According to Axios , Newsom and JB Pritzker donated to Charleston, South Carolina, mayoral candidate Clay Middleton, signaling a presidential ambition. [50]
Dean Phillips has served as the representative of Minnesota's 3rd congressional district since 2019. Phillips ran a campaign against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries. [51] Phillips received the second-highest number of delegates of any candidate in the primaries, but was unsuccessful. [52] In an interview with CBS Minnesota , Phillips was asked about his future political aspirations. He ruled out a bid for the U.S. senate or the governor's office in 2026 but said, "never say never" regarding another presidential campaign in 2028. [53] The HuffPost reported that after the election, Phillips said of his White House bid, “I would do it a thousand times again.” [54] In an interview with the Nation , Phillips was asked what's next for him and his relationship with the Democratic Party, to which he responded, "I’ve been a Democrat my entire life and still aspire to play a role in making us more competitive and effective." [55] The Minnesota Star Tribune reported that Phillips is not sure what he’ll do after departing Washington in January but did not rule out another presidential bid when telling constituents at the Ridgedale Library in Minnetonka that although he has no plans to aim for either Minnesota’s governorship or the U.S. Senate, he does not intend to go away. [56]
JB Pritzker has served as the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to Chicago Sun-Times . [57] With Newsom, he donated to Middleton. [50] In 2023, Pritzker declined to speak directly with representative Dean Phillips regarding his effort to try to convince him to enter the Democratic Party presidential primary race to oppose Biden. [58] [59]
Josh Shapiro has served as the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro has been seen as a critical figure in Pennsylvania by Democratic strategists and officials, according to Politico, [42] and as a politician who could garner votes from white working-class voters, according to CNN. [60] He was said to be a front-runner in the primary by The Philadelphia Inquirer . [61] According to The New York Times, Shapiro was seen as a potential replacement for Biden. [48]
Gretchen Whitmer has served as the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been discussed as a contender in 2028, although she distanced herself from speculation in an interview with Lulu Garcia-Navarro of The New York Times Magazine in June 2024. [62] In 2023, Whitmer declined to speak directly with representative Dean Phillips regarding his effort to try to convince her to enter the Democratic Party presidential primary race to oppose Biden. [58] [59] She disavowed a movement to replace Biden. [63]
The following individuals stated that they would not run for president:
The following individuals stated that they would not run for president:
Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size [b] | Tucker Carlson | Ted Cruz [c] | Ron DeSantis | Nikki Haley | Robert F. Kennedy Jr. | Vivek Ramaswamy | Marco Rubio | Donald Trump Jr. | JD Vance | Other | Undecided |
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Morning Consult | December 6–8, 2024 | 994 (RV) | 1% | — | 9% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 1% | 30% | 30% | 18% [d] | — |
Emerson College | November 20–22, 2024 | 420 (RV) | — | 1% | 5% | 2% | 2% | 3% | 1% | — | 30% | 9% [e] [f] | 51% [g] |
Echelon Insights | November 14–18, 2024 | 483 (LV) | — | 5% | 8% | 9% | — | 9% | 5% | — | 37% | 9% [h] | 18% |
2024 United States presidential election held. | |||||||||||||
Echelon Insights | July 19–21, 2024 | 982 (RV) | — | 4% | 14% | 9% | — | 10% | 2% | — | 19% | 16% [i] | 21% |
Echelon Insights | January 16–18, 2024 | 832 (RV) | 6% | — | 27% | 19% | — | 18% | — | — | 1% | 12% [j] | 17% |
Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size [b] | Pete Buttigieg | Kamala Harris | Gavin Newsom | Josh Shapiro | Tim Walz | Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emerson College | November 20–22, 2024 | 400 (RV) | 4% | 37% | 7% | 3% | 1% | 17% [k] | 35% |
Echelon Insights | November 14–18, 2024 | 457 (LV) | 6% | 41% | 8% | 7% | 6% | 16% [l] | 16% |
Morning Consult | November 15–17, 2024 | 1,012 (V) | 9% | 43% | 8% | 5% | 7% | 27% [m] | — |
2024 United States presidential election held. | |||||||||
Morning Consult/Politico | May 28–29, 2024 | 3,997 (RV) | 10% | 21% | 10% | 3% | — | 12% [n] | 41% |
Echelon Insights | January 16–18, 2024 | 499 (RV) | 13% | 33% | 11% | 2% | — | 12% [o] | 29% |
The 2020 United States presidential election in California was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. California voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate Kamala Harris, the junior senator from California. In the 2020 election, California had 55 electoral votes in the Electoral College, the most of any state. Biden won by a wide margin, as was expected; however, California was one of six states where Trump received a larger percentage of the two-party vote than he did in 2016. This election also marked the first time since 2004 that the Republican candidate won more than one million votes in Los Angeles County due to increased turnout.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 5, 2024. The Republican Party's ticket—Donald Trump, who was the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021, and JD Vance, the junior U.S. senator from Ohio—defeated the Democratic Party's ticket—Kamala Harris, the incumbent vice president, and Tim Walz, the governor of Minnesota. Trump and Vance are scheduled to be inaugurated as the 47th president and the 50th vice president on January 20, 2025, after their formal election by the Electoral College.
This article lists the candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2020 presidential election. Former Vice President Joe Biden of Delaware, the 2020 Democratic nominee for President of the United States, considered several prominent Democrats and other individuals before selecting Senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate on August 11, 2020. Harris formally won the vice presidential nomination on August 19, 2020, at the 2020 Democratic National Convention. The Biden–Harris ticket would go on to defeat the Trump–Pence ticket in the general election.
The 2024 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention in which delegates of the United States Democratic Party voted on their party platform and ceremonially reported their vote to nominate Vice President Kamala Harris for president and her chosen running mate Governor Tim Walz for vice president in the 2024 presidential election. It was held from August 19 to 22, 2024, at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. Delegates virtually nominated Harris and Walz the first week of August. Harris is the first Black woman and first Indian woman to be the presidential nominee of a major political party in the United States, and the first Democratic presidential nominee from the Western United States.
This is a timeline of major events leading up to, during, and after the 2024 United States presidential election, which was the first presidential election to be run with population data from the 2020 census. In addition to the dates mandated by the relevant federal laws such as those in the U.S. Constitution and the Electoral Count Act, several milestones have consistently been observed since the adoption of the conclusions of the 1971 McGovern–Fraser Commission.
The 2026 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 3, 2026, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve six-year terms in the United States Congress from January 3, 2027, to January 3, 2033. Senators are divided into three groups, or classes, whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 2 senators were last elected in 2020 and will be up for election in this cycle.
From January 23 to June 8, 2024, presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the delegates to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2024 United States presidential election. The elections took place in all U.S. states except Florida and Delaware, in the District of Columbia, in five U.S. territories, and as organized by Democrats Abroad.
The 2024 United States presidential election in California was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. California voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. California has 54 electoral votes in the Electoral College, the most in the country.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Florida was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Florida voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Florida has 30 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state gained a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Illinois has 19 electoral votes in the Electoral College this election, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state lost a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, and as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Michigan voters chose electors for Donald Trump and JD Vance to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Michigan has 15 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state lost a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Minnesota voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Minnesota has 10 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Ohio voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. Ohio had 17 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state lost a seat.
The 2024 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Wisconsin voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Wisconsin has 10 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.
The following is a list of candidates associated with the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries for the 2024 United States presidential election. By March 2024, more than 190 candidates had filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for the Democratic nomination in 2024. As in previous cycles, the majority of these candidates did not appear on any ballots, raise money, or otherwise attempt to formally run a campaign. Other than Biden, the only presidential candidates who were awarded pledged delegates to the 2024 Democratic National Convention based on the results of the primaries were incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative Dean Phillips and businessman Jason Palmer.
The 2028 United States Senate elections will be held on November 7, 2028, with 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the United States Congress from January 3, 2029, to January 3, 2035. Senators are divided into 3 groups or classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every 2 years. Class 3 senators were last elected in 2022, and will be up for election again in 2028. These elections will run concurrently with the 2028 United States presidential election.
The 2024 California Democratic presidential primary took place on March 5, 2024, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2024 presidential election. 497 delegates to the Democratic National Convention were allocated to presidential candidates. The contest was held on Super Tuesday alongside primaries in 14 other states and territories. Biden won the primary in a landslide. Marianne Williamson received 4.1 percent of the vote, and Congressman Dean Phillips received 2.8 percent of the vote.
Kamala Harris, the 49th and incumbent vice president of the United States, announced her 2024 campaign for president on July 21, 2024, after incumbent President Joe Biden withdrew his bid for reelection and endorsed her earlier the same day. Harris became the official nominee of the Democratic Party on August 5 following a virtual roll call vote; she selected Minnesota governor Tim Walz as her running mate the following day. Harris is the first nominee who did not participate in the primaries since Vice President Hubert Humphrey in 1968. It was also the shortest general election presidential campaign in history, lasting only 107 days.
Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 2024, considered several prominent individuals before selecting Governor Tim Walz of Minnesota as her running mate on August 6. Harris and Walz were certified as the official nominees that evening by Democratic National Committee secretary Jason Rae. Walz was the first sitting governor selected as the Democratic vice presidential nominee since Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska in 1924 and if elected, would have been the third vice president from Minnesota after Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale. Walz is also the first sitting governor to appear on the Democratic ticket since Bill Clinton in 1992. After formally accepting their nomination during the 2024 Democratic National Convention, the Harris–Walz ticket went on to lose to the Trump–Vance ticket in the general election, and Walz returned to the governorship following the campaign.
This is a timeline of major events leading up to, during, and after the 2028 United States presidential election which is set to be held on November 7, 2028. In addition to the dates mandated by the relevant federal laws, such as those in the U.S. Constitution and the Electoral Count Act, several milestones have consistently been observed since the adoption of the conclusions of the 1971 McGovern–Fraser Commission.
'We'll see what the future holds in the future, but, right now, my only focus is on this job, is about making sure that I continue to stand up for Kentuckians and all Americans,' Beshear said.