The Cook Partisan Voting Index, abbreviated PVI or CPVI, is a measurement of how partisan a U.S. congressional district or U.S. state is. [1] This partisanship is indicated as lean towards either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party, [2] compared to the nation as a whole, based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections. [3] [4]
The Partisan Voting Index was developed in 1997 by Charlie Cook of The Cook Political Report , in conjunction with Clark Bensen and his political statistical analysis firm, Polidata, "as a means of providing a more accurate picture of the competitiveness". [5] [6] [7] It is based on the methodology introduced by Rob Richie of the Center for Voting and Democracy for the Center's July 1997 Monopoly Politics report. [8] [9]
The Cook Political Report has since released new PVI scores every two years. [10] In 2021, the newsletter ended its relationship with Polidata and instead used Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections to calculate 2020's results. [7] The most recent iteration is the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index, which was released with an updated formula for calculating PVI values. [11]
The index looks at how every congressional district voted in the past two presidential elections combined and compares it to the national average. [12] The Cook PVI is displayed as a letter, a plus sign, and a number, with the letter (either a D for Democratic or an R for Republican) indicating the party that outperformed in the district and the number showing how many percentage points above the national average it received. [10] In 2022, the formula was updated to weigh the most recent presidential election more heavily than the prior election. [11]
The PVIs for congressional districts are calculated based on the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. [11] With a PVI of R+1, Michigan's 8th congressional district was determined to be the median congressional district, meaning that exactly 217 districts are more Democratic and 217 are more Republican than this district. [11] As of 2022 [update] , there are 222 districts in the House that are more Republican than the national average and 206 districts more Democratic than the national average. The number of swing seats, defined as those between D+5 and R+5, is 87. [11]
District | PVI | Party of representative |
---|---|---|
Alabama 1 | R+16 | Republican |
Alabama 2 | R+17 | Republican |
Alabama 3 | R+19 | Republican |
Alabama 4 | R+33 | Republican |
Alabama 5 | R+17 | Republican |
Alabama 6 | R+18 | Republican |
Alabama 7 | D+14 | Democratic |
Alaska at-large | R+8 | Republican |
Arizona 1 | R+2 | Republican |
Arizona 2 | R+6 | Republican |
Arizona 3 | D+24 | Democratic |
Arizona 4 | D+2 | Democratic |
Arizona 5 | R+11 | Republican |
Arizona 6 | R+3 | Republican |
Arizona 7 | D+15 | Democratic |
Arizona 8 | R+10 | Republican |
Arizona 9 | R+16 | Republican |
Arkansas 1 | R+22 | Republican |
Arkansas 2 | R+9 | Republican |
Arkansas 3 | R+15 | Republican |
Arkansas 4 | R+20 | Republican |
California 1 | R+12 | Republican |
California 2 | D+23 | Democratic |
California 3 | R+4 | Republican |
California 4 | D+17 | Democratic |
California 5 | R+9 | Republican |
California 6 | D+7 | Democratic |
California 7 | D+17 | Democratic |
California 8 | D+26 | Democratic |
California 9 | D+5 | Democratic |
California 10 | D+18 | Democratic |
California 11 | D+37 | Democratic |
California 12 | D+40 | Democratic |
California 13 | D+4 | Democratic |
California 14 | D+22 | Democratic |
California 15 | D+28 | Democratic |
California 16 | D+26 | Democratic |
California 17 | D+23 | Democratic |
California 18 | D+21 | Democratic |
California 19 | D+18 | Democratic |
California 20 | R+16 | Republican |
California 21 | D+9 | Democratic |
California 22 | D+5 | Republican |
California 23 | R+8 | Republican |
California 24 | D+13 | Democratic |
California 25 | D+6 | Democratic |
California 26 | D+8 | Democratic |
California 27 | D+4 | Democratic |
California 28 | D+16 | Democratic |
California 29 | D+26 | Democratic |
California 30 | D+23 | Democratic |
California 31 | D+15 | Democratic |
California 32 | D+20 | Democratic |
California 33 | D+12 | Democratic |
California 34 | D+32 | Democratic |
California 35 | D+13 | Democratic |
California 36 | D+21 | Democratic |
California 37 | D+37 | Democratic |
California 38 | D+14 | Democratic |
California 39 | D+12 | Democratic |
California 40 | R+2 | Republican |
California 41 | R+3 | Republican |
California 42 | D+22 | Democratic |
California 43 | D+32 | Democratic |
California 44 | D+24 | Democratic |
California 45 | D+2 | Democratic |
California 46 | D+15 | Democratic |
California 47 | D+3 | Democratic |
California 48 | R+9 | Republican |
California 49 | D+3 | Democratic |
California 50 | D+14 | Democratic |
California 51 | D+12 | Democratic |
California 52 | D+18 | Democratic |
Colorado 1 | D+29 | Democratic |
Colorado 2 | D+17 | Democratic |
Colorado 3 | R+7 | Republican |
Colorado 4 | R+13 | Republican |
Colorado 5 | R+9 | Republican |
Colorado 6 | D+9 | Democratic |
Colorado 7 | D+4 | Democratic |
Colorado 8 | EVEN | Republican |
Connecticut 1 | D+12 | Democratic |
Connecticut 2 | D+3 | Democratic |
Connecticut 3 | D+7 | Democratic |
Connecticut 4 | D+13 | Democratic |
Connecticut 5 | D+3 | Democratic |
Delaware at-large | D+7 | Democratic |
Florida 1 | R+19 | Republican |
Florida 2 | R+8 | Republican |
Florida 3 | R+9 | Republican |
Florida 4 | R+6 | Republican |
Florida 5 | R+11 | Republican |
Florida 6 | R+14 | Republican |
Florida 7 | R+5 | Republican |
Florida 8 | R+11 | Republican |
Florida 9 | D+8 | Democratic |
Florida 10 | D+14 | Democratic |
Florida 11 | R+8 | Republican |
Florida 12 | R+17 | Republican |
Florida 13 | R+6 | Republican |
Florida 14 | D+8 | Democratic |
Florida 15 | R+4 | Republican |
Florida 16 | R+7 | Republican |
Florida 17 | R+10 | Republican |
Florida 18 | R+13 | Republican |
Florida 19 | R+13 | Republican |
Florida 20 | D+25 | Democratic |
Florida 21 | R+7 | Republican |
Florida 22 | D+7 | Democratic |
Florida 23 | D+5 | Democratic |
Florida 24 | D+25 | Democratic |
Florida 25 | D+9 | Democratic |
Florida 26 | R+8 | Republican |
Florida 27 | EVEN | Republican |
Florida 28 | R+2 | Republican |
Georgia 1 | R+9 | Republican |
Georgia 2 | D+3 | Democratic |
Georgia 3 | R+18 | Republican |
Georgia 4 | D+27 | Democratic |
Georgia 5 | D+32 | Democratic |
Georgia 6 | R+11 | Republican |
Georgia 7 | D+10 | Democratic |
Georgia 8 | R+16 | Republican |
Georgia 9 | R+22 | Republican |
Georgia 10 | R+15 | Republican |
Georgia 11 | R+11 | Republican |
Georgia 12 | R+8 | Republican |
Georgia 13 | D+28 | Democratic |
Georgia 14 | R+22 | Republican |
Hawaii 1 | D+14 | Democratic |
Hawaii 2 | D+14 | Democratic |
Idaho 1 | R+22 | Republican |
Idaho 2 | R+14 | Republican |
Illinois 1 | D+20 | Democratic |
Illinois 2 | D+19 | Democratic |
Illinois 3 | D+20 | Democratic |
Illinois 4 | D+22 | Democratic |
Illinois 5 | D+18 | Democratic |
Illinois 6 | D+3 | Democratic |
Illinois 7 | D+36 | Democratic |
Illinois 8 | D+6 | Democratic |
Illinois 9 | D+19 | Democratic |
Illinois 10 | D+11 | Democratic |
Illinois 11 | D+5 | Democratic |
Illinois 12 | R+24 | Republican |
Illinois 13 | D+3 | Democratic |
Illinois 14 | D+4 | Democratic |
Illinois 15 | R+22 | Republican |
Illinois 16 | R+13 | Republican |
Illinois 17 | D+2 | Democratic |
Indiana 1 | D+3 | Democratic |
Indiana 2 | R+14 | Republican |
Indiana 3 | R+18 | Republican |
Indiana 4 | R+18 | Republican |
Indiana 5 | R+11 | Republican |
Indiana 6 | R+19 | Republican |
Indiana 7 | D+19 | Democratic |
Indiana 8 | R+19 | Republican |
Indiana 9 | R+16 | Republican |
Iowa 1 | R+3 | Republican |
Iowa 2 | R+4 | Republican |
Iowa 3 | R+3 | Republican |
Iowa 4 | R+16 | Republican |
Kansas 1 | R+18 | Republican |
Kansas 2 | R+11 | Republican |
Kansas 3 | R+1 | Democratic |
Kansas 4 | R+14 | Republican |
Kentucky 1 | R+24 | Republican |
Kentucky 2 | R+21 | Republican |
Kentucky 3 | D+9 | Democratic |
Kentucky 4 | R+19 | Republican |
Kentucky 5 | R+32 | Republican |
Kentucky 6 | R+9 | Republican |
Louisiana 1 | R+23 | Republican |
Louisiana 2 | D+25 | Democratic |
Louisiana 3 | R+21 | Republican |
Louisiana 4 | R+14 | Republican |
Louisiana 5 | R+17 | Republican |
Louisiana 6 | R+19 | Republican |
Maine 1 | D+9 | Democratic |
Maine 2 | R+6 | Democratic |
Maryland 1 | R+11 | Republican |
Maryland 2 | D+7 | Democratic |
Maryland 3 | D+10 | Democratic |
Maryland 4 | D+40 | Democratic |
Maryland 5 | D+15 | Democratic |
Maryland 6 | D+2 | Democratic |
Maryland 7 | D+30 | Democratic |
Maryland 8 | D+29 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 1 | D+9 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 2 | D+13 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 3 | D+11 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 4 | D+12 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 5 | D+23 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 6 | D+11 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 7 | D+35 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 8 | D+15 | Democratic |
Massachusetts 9 | D+6 | Democratic |
Michigan 1 | R+13 | Republican |
Michigan 2 | R+16 | Republican |
Michigan 3 | D+1 | Democratic |
Michigan 4 | R+5 | Republican |
Michigan 5 | R+15 | Republican |
Michigan 6 | D+11 | Democratic |
Michigan 7 | R+2 | Republican |
Michigan 8 | R+1 | Democratic |
Michigan 9 | R+18 | Republican |
Michigan 10 | R+3 | Republican |
Michigan 11 | D+7 | Democratic |
Michigan 12 | D+23 | Democratic |
Michigan 13 | D+23 | Democratic |
Minnesota 1 | R+7 | Republican |
Minnesota 2 | D+1 | Democratic |
Minnesota 3 | D+8 | Democratic |
Minnesota 4 | D+17 | Democratic |
Minnesota 5 | D+30 | Democratic |
Minnesota 6 | R+12 | Republican |
Minnesota 7 | R+19 | Republican |
Minnesota 8 | R+8 | Republican |
Mississippi 1 | R+18 | Republican |
Mississippi 2 | D+11 | Democratic |
Mississippi 3 | R+15 | Republican |
Mississippi 4 | R+22 | Republican |
Missouri 1 | D+27 | Democratic |
Missouri 2 | R+7 | Republican |
Missouri 3 | R+16 | Republican |
Missouri 4 | R+23 | Republican |
Missouri 5 | D+11 | Democratic |
Missouri 6 | R+21 | Republican |
Missouri 7 | R+24 | Republican |
Missouri 8 | R+28 | Republican |
Montana 1 | R+6 | Republican |
Montana 2 | R+16 | Republican |
Nebraska 1 | R+9 | Republican |
Nebraska 2 | EVEN | Republican |
Nebraska 3 | R+29 | Republican |
Nevada 1 | D+3 | Democratic |
Nevada 2 | R+8 | Republican |
Nevada 3 | D+1 | Democratic |
Nevada 4 | D+3 | Democratic |
New Hampshire 1 | EVEN | Democratic |
New Hampshire 2 | D+2 | Democratic |
New Jersey 1 | D+10 | Democratic |
New Jersey 2 | R+5 | Republican |
New Jersey 3 | D+5 | Democratic |
New Jersey 4 | R+14 | Republican |
New Jersey 5 | D+4 | Democratic |
New Jersey 6 | D+8 | Democratic |
New Jersey 7 | R+1 | Republican |
New Jersey 8 | D+22 | Democratic |
New Jersey 9 | D+8 | Democratic |
New Jersey 10 | D+30 | Democratic |
New Jersey 11 | D+6 | Democratic |
New Jersey 12 | D+12 | Democratic |
New Mexico 1 | D+5 | Democratic |
New Mexico 2 | D+1 | Democratic |
New Mexico 3 | D+4 | Democratic |
New York 1 | R+3 | Republican |
New York 2 | R+3 | Republican |
New York 3 | D+2 | Democratic |
New York 4 | D+5 | Democratic |
New York 5 | D+30 | Democratic |
New York 6 | D+15 | Democratic |
New York 7 | D+31 | Democratic |
New York 8 | D+26 | Democratic |
New York 9 | D+25 | Democratic |
New York 10 | D+35 | Democratic |
New York 11 | R+6 | Republican |
New York 12 | D+34 | Democratic |
New York 13 | D+38 | Democratic |
New York 14 | D+28 | Democratic |
New York 15 | D+35 | Democratic |
New York 16 | D+20 | Democratic |
New York 17 | D+3 | Republican |
New York 18 | D+1 | Democratic |
New York 19 | EVEN | Democratic |
New York 20 | D+7 | Democratic |
New York 21 | R+9 | Republican |
New York 22 | D+1 | Democratic |
New York 23 | R+12 | Republican |
New York 24 | R+11 | Republican |
New York 25 | D+7 | Democratic |
New York 26 | D+9 | Democratic |
North Carolina 1 | D+2 | Democratic |
North Carolina 2 | D+12 | Democratic |
North Carolina 3 | R+15 | Republican |
North Carolina 4 | D+16 | Democratic |
North Carolina 5 | R+13 | Republican |
North Carolina 6 | D+4 | Democratic |
North Carolina 7 | R+8 | Republican |
North Carolina 8 | R+20 | Republican |
North Carolina 9 | R+6 | Republican |
North Carolina 10 | R+22 | Republican |
North Carolina 11 | R+8 | Republican |
North Carolina 12 | D+13 | Democratic |
North Carolina 13 | R+2 | Republican |
North Carolina 14 | D+6 | Democratic |
North Dakota at-large | R+20 | Republican |
Ohio 1 | D+2 | Democratic |
Ohio 2 | R+25 | Republican |
Ohio 3 | D+20 | Democratic |
Ohio 4 | R+20 | Republican |
Ohio 5 | R+15 | Republican |
Ohio 6 | R+16 | Republican |
Ohio 7 | R+7 | Republican |
Ohio 8 | R+14 | Republican |
Ohio 9 | R+3 | Democratic |
Ohio 10 | R+4 | Republican |
Ohio 11 | D+28 | Democratic |
Ohio 12 | R+18 | Republican |
Ohio 13 | R+1 | Democratic |
Ohio 14 | R+9 | Republican |
Ohio 15 | R+6 | Republican |
Oklahoma 1 | R+14 | Republican |
Oklahoma 2 | R+29 | Republican |
Oklahoma 3 | R+24 | Republican |
Oklahoma 4 | R+19 | Republican |
Oklahoma 5 | R+12 | Republican |
Oregon 1 | D+18 | Democratic |
Oregon 2 | R+15 | Republican |
Oregon 3 | D+22 | Democratic |
Oregon 4 | D+4 | Democratic |
Oregon 5 | D+2 | Democratic |
Oregon 6 | D+4 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 1 | EVEN | Republican |
Pennsylvania 2 | D+20 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 3 | D+39 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 4 | D+7 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 5 | D+14 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 6 | D+5 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 7 | R+2 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 8 | R+4 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 9 | R+21 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 10 | R+5 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 11 | R+13 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 12 | D+8 | Democratic |
Pennsylvania 13 | R+25 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 14 | R+18 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 15 | R+21 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 16 | R+13 | Republican |
Pennsylvania 17 | EVEN | Democratic |
Rhode Island 1 | D+12 | Democratic |
Rhode Island 2 | D+4 | Democratic |
South Carolina 1 | R+7 | Republican |
South Carolina 2 | R+8 | Republican |
South Carolina 3 | R+21 | Republican |
South Carolina 4 | R+12 | Republican |
South Carolina 5 | R+12 | Republican |
South Carolina 6 | D+14 | Democratic |
South Carolina 7 | R+11 | Republican |
South Dakota at-large | R+16 | Republican |
Tennessee 1 | R+30 | Republican |
Tennessee 2 | R+18 | Republican |
Tennessee 3 | R+19 | Republican |
Tennessee 4 | R+22 | Republican |
Tennessee 5 | R+9 | Republican |
Tennessee 6 | R+17 | Republican |
Tennessee 7 | R+10 | Republican |
Tennessee 8 | R+21 | Republican |
Tennessee 9 | D+22 | Democratic |
Texas 1 | R+26 | Republican |
Texas 2 | R+15 | Republican |
Texas 3 | R+11 | Republican |
Texas 4 | R+16 | Republican |
Texas 5 | R+14 | Republican |
Texas 6 | R+15 | Republican |
Texas 7 | D+13 | Democratic |
Texas 8 | R+16 | Republican |
Texas 9 | D+26 | Democratic |
Texas 10 | R+13 | Republican |
Texas 11 | R+23 | Republican |
Texas 12 | R+12 | Republican |
Texas 13 | R+26 | Republican |
Texas 14 | R+17 | Republican |
Texas 15 | R+1 | Republican |
Texas 16 | D+17 | Democratic |
Texas 17 | R+14 | Republican |
Texas 18 | D+23 | Democratic |
Texas 19 | R+26 | Republican |
Texas 20 | D+15 | Democratic |
Texas 21 | R+13 | Republican |
Texas 22 | R+11 | Republican |
Texas 23 | R+5 | Republican |
Texas 24 | R+10 | Republican |
Texas 25 | R+19 | Republican |
Texas 26 | R+13 | Republican |
Texas 27 | R+13 | Republican |
Texas 28 | D+3 | Democratic |
Texas 29 | D+18 | Democratic |
Texas 30 | D+27 | Democratic |
Texas 31 | R+14 | Republican |
Texas 32 | D+14 | Democratic |
Texas 33 | D+24 | Democratic |
Texas 34 | D+9 | Democratic |
Texas 35 | D+21 | Democratic |
Texas 36 | R+18 | Republican |
Texas 37 | D+24 | Democratic |
Texas 38 | R+12 | Republican |
Utah 1 | R+12 | Republican |
Utah 2 | R+11 | Republican |
Utah 3 | R+13 | Republican |
Utah 4 | R+16 | Republican |
Vermont at-large | D+16 | Democratic |
Virginia 1 | R+6 | Republican |
Virginia 2 | R+2 | Republican |
Virginia 3 | D+17 | Democratic |
Virginia 4 | D+16 | Democratic |
Virginia 5 | R+7 | Republican |
Virginia 6 | R+14 | Republican |
Virginia 7 | D+1 | Democratic |
Virginia 8 | D+26 | Democratic |
Virginia 9 | R+23 | Republican |
Virginia 10 | D+6 | Democratic |
Virginia 11 | D+18 | Democratic |
Washington 1 | D+13 | Democratic |
Washington 2 | D+9 | Democratic |
Washington 3 | R+5 | Democratic |
Washington 4 | R+11 | Republican |
Washington 5 | R+8 | Republican |
Washington 6 | D+6 | Democratic |
Washington 7 | D+36 | Democratic |
Washington 8 | D+1 | Democratic |
Washington 9 | D+21 | Democratic |
Washington 10 | D+7 | Democratic |
West Virginia 1 | R+23 | Republican |
West Virginia 2 | R+22 | Republican |
Wisconsin 1 | R+3 | Republican |
Wisconsin 2 | D+19 | Democratic |
Wisconsin 3 | R+4 | Republican |
Wisconsin 4 | D+25 | Democratic |
Wisconsin 5 | R+14 | Republican |
Wisconsin 6 | R+10 | Republican |
Wisconsin 7 | R+12 | Republican |
Wisconsin 8 | R+10 | Republican |
Wyoming at-large | R+25 | Republican |
The PVIs for states are calculated based on the results of the U.S. presidential elections in 2016 and 2020. [13] The table below reflects the state of Congress and governors, based on the 2024 election results.
State | PVI | Party of governor | Party in Senate | House balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | R+15 | Republican | Republican | 5R, 2D |
Alaska | R+8 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
Arizona | R+2 | Democratic | Democratic | 6R, 3D |
Arkansas | R+16 | Republican | Republican | 4R |
California | D+13 | Democratic | Democratic | 43D, 9R |
Colorado | D+4 | Democratic | Democratic | 4D, 4R |
Connecticut | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 5D |
Delaware | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 1D |
Florida | R+3 | Republican | Republican | 20R, 8D |
Georgia | R+3 | Republican | Democratic | 9R, 5D |
Hawaii | D+14 | Democratic | Democratic | 2D |
Idaho | R+18 | Republican | Republican | 2R |
Illinois | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 14D, 3R |
Indiana | R+11 | Republican | Republican | 7R, 2D |
Iowa | R+6 | Republican | Republican | 4R |
Kansas | R+10 | Democratic | Republican | 3R, 1D |
Kentucky | R+16 | Democratic | Republican | 5R, 1D |
Louisiana | R+12 | Republican | Republican | 4R, 2D |
Maine | D+2 | Democratic | Both [nb 1] | 2D |
Maryland | D+14 | Democratic | Democratic | 7D, 1R |
Massachusetts | D+15 | Democratic | Democratic | 9D |
Michigan | R+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 7R, 6D |
Minnesota | D+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 4D, 4R |
Mississippi | R+11 | Republican | Republican | 3R, 1D |
Missouri | R+10 | Republican | Republican | 6R, 2D |
Montana | R+11 | Republican | Republican | 2R |
Nebraska | R+13 | Republican | Republican | 3R |
Nevada | R+1 | Republican | Democratic | 3D, 1R |
New Hampshire | D+1 | Republican | Democratic | 2D |
New Jersey | D+6 | Democratic | Democratic | 9D, 3R |
New Mexico | D+3 | Democratic | Democratic | 3D |
New York | D+10 | Democratic | Democratic | 19D, 7R |
North Carolina | R+3 | Democratic | Republican | 10R, 4D |
North Dakota | R+20 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
Ohio | R+6 | Republican | Republican | 10R, 5D |
Oklahoma | R+20 | Republican | Republican | 5R |
Oregon | D+6 | Democratic | Democratic | 5D, 1R |
Pennsylvania | R+2 | Democratic | Both | 10R, 7D |
Rhode Island | D+8 | Democratic | Democratic | 2D |
South Carolina | R+8 | Republican | Republican | 6R, 1D |
South Dakota | R+16 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
Tennessee | R+14 | Republican | Republican | 8R, 1D |
Texas | R+5 | Republican | Republican | 25R, 13D |
Utah | R+13 | Republican | Republican | 4R |
Vermont | D+16 | Republican | Democratic [nb 2] | 1D |
Virginia | D+3 | Republican | Democratic | 6D, 5R |
Washington | D+8 | Democratic | Democratic | 8D, 2R |
Washington, D.C. | D+43 | Democratic [nb 3] | N/A | 1D [nb 4] |
West Virginia | R+22 | Republican | Republican | 2R |
Wisconsin | R+2 | Democratic | Both | 6R, 2D |
Wyoming | R+25 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
Since Arizona became a U.S. state in 1912, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 63rd United States Congress in 1913. Before becoming a state, the Arizona Territory elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1864 to 1912. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and varying numbers of members of the House, depending on state population, to two-year terms. Arizona has sent nine members to the House in each delegation since the 2010 United States Census.
Since Colorado became a U.S. state in 1876, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 44th United States Congress. Prior to statehood, the Colorado Territory sent non-voting delegates to the House of Representatives from 1861 to 1876. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and members of the House to two-year terms. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Colorado General Assembly. Each state elects a varying number of, but at least one, member of the House, depending on population, to two-year terms. Colorado has sent eight members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 2020 United States Census.
Political party strength in U.S. states is the level of representation of the various political parties in the United States in each statewide elective office providing legislators to the state and to the U.S. Congress and electing the executives at the state and national level.
Texas's 19th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives includes the upper midwestern portion of the state of Texas. The district includes portions of the State from Lubbock to Abilene. The current Representative from the 19th district is Republican Jodey Arrington. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+26, it is one of the most Republican districts in Texas.
North Carolina's 10th congressional district is a congressional district in central and western North Carolina. It currently includes all of Cleveland, Gaston, Lincoln, Polk and Rutherford counties, and part of Catawba and Iredell counties. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+22, it is the most Republican district in North Carolina.
Nebraska's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Nebraska that encompasses the core of the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area. It includes all of Douglas County, which includes the state's largest city Omaha; it also includes Saunders County and areas of western Sarpy County. It has been represented in the United States House of Representatives since 2017 by Don Bacon, a member of the Republican Party.
Nebraska's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Nebraska that encompasses its western three-fourths; it is one of the largest non-at-large districts in the country, covering nearly 65,000 square miles (170,000 km2), two time zones and 80 counties. It includes Grand Island, Kearney, Hastings, North Platte, Alliance, and Scottsbluff. Additionally, it encompasses the Sandhills region and a large majority of the Platte River. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+29, it is by far the most Republican district in Nebraska, a state with an all-Republican delegation.
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It encompasses almost all of Louisville Metro, which, since the merger of 2003, is consolidated with Jefferson County, though other incorporated cities exist within the county, such as Shively and St. Matthews. The far eastern portions of Louisville Metro are part of the 2nd congressional district.
Alabama's 4th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It encompasses the counties of Franklin, Colbert, Marion, Lamar, Fayette, Walker, Winston, Cullman, Lawrence, Marshall, Etowah, and DeKalb. It also includes parts of Jackson and Tuscaloosa counties, as well as parts of the Decatur Metropolitan Area and the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.
Georgia's 9th congressional district is a congressional district in the north of the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by Republican Andrew Clyde, who succeeded fellow Republican Doug Collins. The district is mostly rural and exurban in character, though it stretches into Hall and Gwinnett counties on Atlanta's northern fringe.
Kentucky's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in Western Kentucky, and stretching into Central Kentucky, the district takes in Henderson, Hopkinsville, Madisonville, Paducah, Murray, Danville, and Frankfort. The district is represented by Republican James Comer who won a special election to fill the seat of Rep. Ed Whitfield who resigned in September 2016. Comer also won election to the regular term to begin January 3, 2017.
Kentucky's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in the heart of Appalachia in Southeastern Kentucky, it represents much of the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield. The rural district is the second most impoverished district in the nation and, as of the 2010 U.S. census, has the highest percentage of White Americans in the nation. It contains the counties of Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Clay, Elliott, Floyd, Harlan, Jackson, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Lincoln, Leslie, Letcher, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, Wolfe, and parts of Bath, and Carter counties. Within the district are the economic leading cities of Ashland, Pikeville, Prestonsburg, Middlesboro, Hazard, Jackson, Morehead, London, and Somerset. It is the most rural district in the United States, with 76.49% of its population in rural areas. It has been represented by Republican Hal Rogers since 1981.
Kentucky's 6th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Based in Central Kentucky, the district contains the cities of Lexington, Richmond, and Georgetown. The district is currently represented by Republican Andy Barr.
Ohio's 3rd congressional district is located entirely in Franklin County and includes most of the city of Columbus. The current district lines were drawn in 2022, following the redistricting based on the 2020 census. It is currently represented by Democrat Joyce Beatty.
Washington's 4th congressional district encompasses a large area of central Washington, covering the counties of Douglas, Okanogan, Grant, Yakima, Benton, and Klickitat; and parts of Adams and Franklin counties. The district is dominated by the Yakima and Tri-Cities areas. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+11, it is the most Republican district in Washington.
Connecticut's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Located in the western part of the state and spanning across parts of Fairfield, Litchfield, New Haven, and Hartford Counties, the district runs from Meriden and New Britain in central Connecticut, westward to Danbury and the surrounding Housatonic Valley, encompassing the Farmington Valley, Upper Naugatuck River Valley, and the Litchfield Hills. The district also includes most of Waterbury.
Virginia's ninth congressional district is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia, covering much of the southwestern part of the state. The 9th is Virginia's second-largest district in area, covering 9,113.87 square miles. It has been represented by Republican Morgan Griffith since 2011. He took office after defeating 14-term incumbent Democrat Rick Boucher. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+23, it is the most Republican district in Virginia.
The 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held on November 4, 2008, to elect the 29 U.S. representatives from the State of New York, one from each of the state's 29 congressional districts. state of New York in the United States House of Representatives. New York has 29 seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected will serve in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009, until January 3, 2011. The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election in which Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican John McCain by a wide margin.
Utah's 4th congressional district is a congressional district created by the state legislature as a result of reapportionment by Congress after the 2010 census showed population increases in the state relative to other states. Prior to 2010 reapportionment, Utah had three congressional districts.
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections was held on November 5, 2024, to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states. The six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories will also be elected. Numerous federal, state, and local elections, including the 2024 U.S. Senate elections and 2024 presidential election, will also be held on this date.
Which brings me to the Cook Political Report's Partisan Voting Index or PVI. The goal of the PVI is to compare every congressional district to every other congressional district based on how it has performed in each of the last two presidential elections.
To get a sense of a congressional district's political leanings, there's a helpful metric called the Partisan Voter Index, or PVI, created 20 years ago by the Cook Political Report.