118th United States Congress | |
---|---|
117th ← → 119th | |
![]() United States Capitol (2024) | |
January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025 | |
Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates |
Senate majority | Democratic |
Senate President | Kamala Harris (D) |
House majority | Republican |
House Speaker |
|
Sessions | |
1st: January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2024 2nd: January 3, 2024 – present |
The 118th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, during the third and fourth years of President Joe Biden's term in office.
In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49 seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents). [lower-alpha 2] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th. [1]
This congress also features the first female Senate president pro tempore (Patty Murray), the first Black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell and Dick Durbin). [lower-alpha 3] The Senate has the highest number of Independent members in a single Congress since the ratification of the 17th Amendment after Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an independent. [2]
The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction. [3] The intense gridlock, particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members, [4] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever. [5] The unproductive session demotivated many seasoned legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025. [6]
The Congress began with a multi-ballot election for Speaker of the House, which had not happened since the 68th Congress in 1923. Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on Democratic votes to get out of a debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown threats, McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023. [7] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns. [8] [9] Congress finalized the 2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separate minibus packages. [10] Following a contentious foreign aid vote, a motion to vacate against Johnson was defeated through a motion to table with bipartisan support. [11]
Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative George Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the 107th in which a member was expelled, and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of censures passed in the House, [12] being the first congress with multiple censures since the 1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden, [13] followed by the impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since William W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history. [14] [15] The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading. [16]
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent* | Republican | |||
End of previous Congress [lower-alpha 4] | 48 | 2 | 50 | 100 | 0 |
Begin (January 3, 2023) | 48 | 3 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
January 8, 2023 [lower-alpha 5] | 48 | 99 | 1 | ||
January 23, 2023 [lower-alpha 5] | 49 | 100 | 0 | ||
September 29, 2023 [lower-alpha 6] | 47 | 99 | 1 | ||
October 3, 2023 [lower-alpha 6] | 48 | 100 | 0 | ||
May 31, 2024 [lower-alpha 7] | 47 | 4 | |||
Current voting share | 51.0% | 49.0% |
Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Republican | |||
End of previous Congress | 216 | 213 | 429 | 6 |
Begin (January 3, 2023) [lower-alpha 8] | 212 | 222 | 434 | 1 |
March 7, 2023 [lower-alpha 8] | 213 | 435 | 0 | |
May 31, 2023 [lower-alpha 9] | 212 | 434 | 1 | |
September 15, 2023 [lower-alpha 10] | 221 | 433 | 2 | |
November 13, 2023 [lower-alpha 9] | 213 | 434 | 1 | |
November 28, 2023 [lower-alpha 10] | 222 | 435 | 0 | |
December 1, 2023 [lower-alpha 11] | 221 | 434 | 1 | |
December 31, 2023 [lower-alpha 12] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
January 21, 2024 [lower-alpha 13] | 219 | 432 | 3 | |
February 2, 2024 [lower-alpha 14] | 212 | 431 | 4 | |
February 28, 2024 [lower-alpha 11] | 213 | 432 | 3 | |
March 22, 2024 [lower-alpha 15] | 218 | 431 | 4 | |
April 20, 2024 [lower-alpha 16] | 217 | 430 | 5 | |
April 24, 2024 [lower-alpha 17] | 212 | 429 | 6 | |
May 6, 2024 [lower-alpha 14] | 213 | 430 | 5 | |
June 3, 2024 [lower-alpha 12] | 218 | 431 | 4 | |
June 25, 2024 [lower-alpha 13] | 219 | 432 | 3 | |
July 8, 2024 [lower-alpha 15] | 220 | 433 | 2 | |
July 19, 2024 [lower-alpha 18] | 212 | 432 | 3 | |
Current voting share | 49.1% | 50.9% | ||
Non-voting members | 3 | 3 [lower-alpha 19] | 6 | 0 |
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".
The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 3 seats were contested in the November 2022 elections. In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiring re-election in 2028; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2026.
All 435 seats were filled by election in November 2022. Additionally, six non-voting members were elected from the American territories and Washington, D.C. [lower-alpha 23]
The numbers refer to the congressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the 2020 United States census. [lower-alpha 24] [lower-alpha 25]
State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation [lower-alpha 26] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nebraska (2) | Ben Sasse (R) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of the University of Florida. [42] Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term. [57] [lower-alpha 27] | Pete Ricketts (R) | January 23, 2023 |
California (1) | Dianne Feinstein (D) | Incumbent died September 29, 2023. [43] Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term. [59] | Laphonza Butler (D) | October 3, 2023 |
West Virginia (1) | Joe Manchin (D) | Incumbent changed party May 31, 2024. [37] | Joe Manchin (I) | May 31, 2024 |
California (1) | Laphonza Butler (D) | Appointment to expire in late 2024, following a special election. [60] Successor will be elected November 5, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress. [61] | TBD |
District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation [lower-alpha 26] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 4 | Vacant | Incumbent Donald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress. A special election was held on February 21, 2023. [62] | Jennifer McClellan (D) | March 7, 2023 |
Rhode Island 1 | David Cicilline (D) | Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation. A special election was held on November 7, 2023. [47] | Gabe Amo (D) | November 13, 2023 |
Utah 2 | Chris Stewart (R) | Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues. A special election was held on November 21, 2023. [49] | Celeste Maloy (R) | November 28, 2023 |
New York 3 | George Santos (R) | Incumbent expelled December 1, 2023. [63] A special election was held on February 13, 2024. | Tom Suozzi (D) | February 28, 2024 |
California 20 | Kevin McCarthy (R) | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023. [64] A special election was held on May 21, 2024. | Vince Fong (R) | June 3, 2024 |
Ohio 6 | Bill Johnson (R) | Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president of Youngstown State University. [65] [66] A special election was held on June 11, 2024. | Michael Rulli (R) | June 25, 2024 |
New York 26 | Brian Higgins (D) | Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center. [67] A special election was held on April 30, 2024. [68] | Tim Kennedy (D) | May 6, 2024 |
Colorado 4 | Ken Buck (R) | Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024. [69] A special election was held on June 25, 2024. | Greg Lopez (R) | July 8, 2024 |
Wisconsin 8 | Mike Gallagher (R) | Incumbent resigned on April 20, 2024. [70] A special election will be held on November 5, 2024. [71] | TBD | |
New Jersey 10 | Donald Payne Jr. (D) | Incumbent died on April 24, 2024. [72] A special election will be held on September 18, 2024. | TBD | |
Texas 18 | Sheila Jackson Lee (D) | Incumbent died on July 19, 2024. [73] | TBD |
Section contents: Senate, House, Joint
Committee | Chair | Ranking Member/Vice Chair |
---|---|---|
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry | Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) | John Boozman (R-AR) |
Appropriations | Patty Murray (D-WA) | Susan Collins (R-ME) |
Armed Services | Jack Reed (D-RI) | Roger Wicker (R-MS) |
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs | Sherrod Brown (D-OH) | Tim Scott (R-SC) |
Budget | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) |
Commerce, Science and Transportation | Maria Cantwell (D-WA) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
Energy and Natural Resources | Joe Manchin (I-WV) (Democrat until May 31, 2024) | John Barrasso (R-WY) |
Environment and Public Works | Tom Carper (D-DE) | Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) |
Finance | Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Mike Crapo (R-ID) |
Foreign Relations | Bob Menendez (D-NJ) until September 22, 2023 Ben Cardin (D-MD) from September 25, 2023 | Jim Risch (R-ID) |
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions | Bernie Sanders (I-VT) | Bill Cassidy (R-LA) |
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs | Gary Peters (D-MI) | Rand Paul (R-KY) |
Judiciary | Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
Rules and Administration | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Deb Fischer (R-NE) |
Small Business and Entrepreneurship | Ben Cardin (D-MD) until September 25, 2023 Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) from September 27, 2023 | Joni Ernst (R-IA) |
Veterans' Affairs | Jon Tester (D-MT) | Jerry Moran (R-KS) |
Committee | Chair | Ranking Member/Vice Chair |
---|---|---|
Aging (Special) | Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA) | Mike Braun (R-IN) |
Ethics (Select) | Chris Coons (D-DE) | James Lankford (R-OK) |
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select) | Brian Schatz (D-HI) | Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) |
Intelligence (Select) | Mark Warner (D-VA) | Marco Rubio (R-FL) |
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) |
Committee | Chair | Ranking Member |
---|---|---|
Agriculture | Glenn Thompson (R-PA) | David Scott (D-GA) |
Appropriations | Kay Granger (R-TX) until April 10, 2024 Tom Cole (R-OK) from April 10, 2024 | Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) |
Armed Services | Mike Rogers (R-AL) | Adam Smith (D-WA) |
Budget | Jodey Arrington (R-TX) | Brendan Boyle (D-PA) |
Education and the Workforce | Virginia Foxx (R-NC) | Bobby Scott (D-VA) |
Energy and Commerce | Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA) | Frank Pallone (D-NJ) |
Ethics | Michael Guest (R-MS) | Susan Wild (D-PA) |
Financial Services | Patrick McHenry (R-NC) | Maxine Waters (D-CA) |
Foreign Affairs | Michael McCaul (R-TX) | Gregory Meeks (D-NY) |
Homeland Security | Mark Green (R-TN) | Bennie Thompson (D-MS) |
House Administration | Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Joe Morelle (D-NY) |
Intelligence (Permanent Select) | Mike Turner (R-OH) | Jim Himes (D-CT) |
Judiciary | Jim Jordan (R-OH) | Jerry Nadler (D-NY) |
Natural Resources | Bruce Westerman (R-AR) | Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) |
Oversight and Reform | James Comer (R-KY) | Jamie Raskin (D-MD) |
Rules | Tom Cole (R-OK) until April 10, 2024 Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) from April 10, 2024 | Jim McGovern (D-MA) |
Science, Space and Technology | Frank Lucas (R- OK) | Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) |
Small Business | Roger Williams (R-TX) | Nydia Velázquez (D-NY) |
Transportation and Infrastructure | Sam Graves (R-MO) | Rick Larsen (D-WA) |
Veterans' Affairs | Mike Bost (R-IL) | Mark Takano (D-CA) |
Ways and Means | Jason Smith (R-MO) | Richard Neal (D-MA) |
Committee | Chair | Vice Chair | Ranking Member | Vice Ranking Member |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic | Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) | Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ) | Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA) | Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) |
Library | Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) | Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE) |
Printing | Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) | Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE) | Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY) |
Taxation [lower-alpha 28] | Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO) | Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) | Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID) | Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA) |
Thomas Miller McClintock II is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for California's 5th congressional district since 2009. His district stretches from the Sacramento suburbs to the outer suburbs of Fresno; it includes Yosemite National Park. A member of the Republican Party, McClintock served as a California state assemblyman from 1982 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2000, when he became a California state senator, a position he held until 2008. He unsuccessfully ran for governor of California in the 2003 recall election and for lieutenant governor of California in the 2006 election.
Diana Louise DeGette is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 1st congressional district since 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, her district is based in Denver. DeGette was a Chief Deputy Whip from 2005 to 2019 and is the dean of Colorado's congressional delegation; she served as the Colorado State Representative for the 6th district from 1993 until her election to the U.S. House.
James Patrick McGovern is an American politician who has been a member of the United States House of Representatives since 1997, representing Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district since 2013. A Democrat, he is the ranking member of the House Rules Committee, chaired the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, and is the co-chair of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. His district, numbered as the 3rd district from 1997 to 2013, stretches from Worcester to the Pioneer Valley.
Alexander N. Green is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative from Texas's 9th congressional district since 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, Green served as the justice of the peace of Harris County, Texas from 1977 to 2004. The 9th district includes most of southwestern Houston and part of Fort Bend County, including most of Missouri City. It also includes western portions of Pearland.
Robert Brian Gibbs is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 7th congressional district from 2011 to 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. In April 2022, Gibbs announced he was not seeking reelection.
Peter Francis Welch is an American lawyer and politician serving since 2023 as the junior United States senator from Vermont. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for Vermont's at-large congressional district from 2007 to 2023. He has been a major figure in Vermont politics for over four decades, and is only the second Democrat to be elected a senator from the state.
The 116th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 census.
Mark Eugene Amodei is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Nevada's 2nd congressional district since 2011. The only Republican in Nevada's congressional delegation since 2019, Amodei served in the Nevada Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and in the Nevada Senate, representing the Capital District, from 1999 to 2011.
Kenneth Robert Buck is an American lawyer and politician who represented Colorado's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2015 until his resignation in 2024. Buck served as chair of the Colorado Republican Party, from 2019 to 2021. Formerly the District Attorney for Weld County, Colorado, Buck ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2010, narrowly losing to Democrat Michael Bennet.
Jeffrey Darren Duncan is a United States representative for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district since 2011. His district comprises nine counties, two of these counties being manufacturing centers for the state. On January 17, 2024, Duncan announced that he would not run for re-election. Duncan previously served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2002 to 2010 when he retired to run for the U.S. House of Representatives.
Bruce Eugene Westerman is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Previously, he served as member and the majority leader of the Arkansas House of Representatives.
Mark Edward Green is an American politician, physician, and retired U.S. Army major who has served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 7th congressional district since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, Green has chaired the Committee on Homeland Security since 2023. Before his election to Congress, he served in the Tennessee Senate from 2013 to 2018, representing the 22nd district.
Andrew Steven Biggs is an American attorney and politician who represents Arizona's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. The district, which was once represented by U.S. Senators John McCain and Jeff Flake, is in the heart of the East Valley and includes most of Mesa and Chandler and all of Queen Creek and Biggs's hometown of Gilbert.
Brian Philip Babin is an American dentist, politician and member of the Republican Party who has served as the U.S. representative from Texas's 36th congressional district since 2015. The district includes much of southeastern Houston, some of its eastern suburbs, as well as Orange and some more exurban areas to the east.
The 117th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2021, during the final weeks of Donald Trump's presidency and the first two years of Joe Biden's presidency and ended on January 3, 2023.
Kelly Michael Armstrong is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for North Dakota's at-large congressional district since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the North Dakota state senator from the 36th district from 2012 to 2018 and chair of the North Dakota Republican Party from 2015 until 2018. On January 23, 2024, he announced he would not seek re-election in 2024, instead opting to run in the 2024 North Dakota gubernatorial election.
Mary E. Miller is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Illinois's 15th congressional district since 2021. She serves on the House Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Education & Labor. Miller is a member of the Freedom Caucus and has been described as a far-right politician.
Robert George Good is an American politician from the Commonwealth of Virginia. A member of the Republican Party, he is currently the U.S. representative from Virginia's 5th congressional district. Prior to his election to Congress, Good served as a member of the Board of Supervisors in Campbell County, Virginia, for three years. He also worked in development at his alma mater, Liberty University, and for Citi.
Diana Lynn Harshbarger is an American pharmacist, businesswoman, and politician. A member of the Republican Party, she has served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 1st congressional district since January 3, 2021. Her district is based in the Tri-Cities area in northeastern Tennessee.
Ernest Anthony Gonzales II is an American politician and United States Navy veteran who has served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 23rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 2021, representing over 800 miles of the U.S.-Mexico border. He is a member of the Republican Party.
The appointment, which will be announced at 9 a.m., will be effective on Thursday.