118th United States Congress

For a general discussion of the United States government's legislative branch, see United States Congress.

118th United States Congress
117th  ← →  119th
United States Capitol (2023)
January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025
Members	100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic
Senate President	Kamala Harris (D)
House majority	Republican
House Speaker	Kevin McCarthy (January 7 – October 3, 2023) [lower-alpha 1] Patrick McHenry (pro tempore, October 3–25, 2023) Mike Johnson (October 25, 2023 – present)
Sessions
1st: January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2024 2nd: January 3, 2024 – present

118th Congress House member pin

The 118th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of President Joe Biden's term in office.

In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49 seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents). With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th. ^[1]

This congress also features the first female Senate president pro tempore (Patty Murray), the first Black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell and Dick Durbin). ^{[lower-alpha 2]}

The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction. ^[2] The intense gridlock, particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members, ^[3] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever. ^[4] The unproductive session demotivated many seasoned legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican party retained their majority for 2025. ^[5]

The Congress began with a multi-ballot election for Speaker of the House, which had not happened since the 68th Congress in 1923. Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on Democratic votes to get out of a debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown threats, McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023. ^[6] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns. ^{[7] [8]} Congress finalized the 2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separate minibus packages. ^[9]

Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative George Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the 107th in which a member was expelled, and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of censures passed in the House, ^[10] being the first congress with multiple censures since the 1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden, ^[11] followed by the impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since William W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history. ^{[12] [13]} The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading. ^[14]

Major events

President Biden during his 2023 State of the Union Address with Vice President Kamala Harris and then House Speaker Kevin McCarthy

President Biden during his 2024 State of the Union Address with Vice President Harris and House Speaker Mike Johnson

Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida addressing a joint session of Congress with Vice President Harris and House Speaker Mike Johnson

• January 3, 2023, 12 p.m. EST: Congress convenes. Members-elect of the United States Senate are sworn in, but members-elect of the United States House of Representatives can't be sworn as the House adjourns for the day without electing a speaker. ^[15]
• January 3–7, 2023: The election for the House speakership takes 15 ballots. Kevin McCarthy is ultimately elected as speaker, but only after 6 representatives-elect vote "present", lowering the threshold to be elected from 218 to 215. ^[16]
• February 2, 2023: House votes 218–211 to remove Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota from the Committee on Foreign Affairs for her comments about Israel and concerns over her objectivity. ^[17]
• February 7, 2023: President Joe Biden delivers the 2023 State of the Union Address.
• June 3, 2023: The 2023 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023.
• June 21, 2023: House votes 213–209 to censure Representative Adam Schiff of California for his actions during the congressional investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and the first impeachment of Donald Trump. ^[18]
• July 12, 2023: Kamala Harris casts her 31st tie-breaking vote as Vice President, tying the record set by John C. Calhoun, to invoke cloture on Kalpana Kotagal's nomination to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ^[19]
• September 12, 2023: House opens an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden.
• September 29, 2023: Senator Dianne Feinstein of California dies. ^[20]
• October 3, 2023: House votes 216–210 to remove Kevin McCarthy from the position of Speaker of the House through a motion to vacate the chair. ^[21] Patrick McHenry becomes Speaker pro tempore.
• October 17–25, 2023: October 2023 Speaker election
• October 19, 2023: President Biden gives a primetime oval office address, calling for a new aid package for Israel and Ukraine, amid the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Israel–Hamas war. ^[22]
• October 25, 2023: Mike Johnson is elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. ^[23]
• November 8, 2023: House votes 234–188 to censure Representative Rashida Tlaib of Michigan for her comments condemning Israel in the midst of the Israel–Hamas war. ^[24]
• December 1, 2023: Over the opposition of the Speaker, the House votes 311–114–2 to expel Representative George Santos of New York following a United States House Committee on Ethics report that unanimously found substantial evidence Santos violated federal criminal law. ^{[25] [26]}
• December 5, 2023: Kamala Harris casts her 32nd and 33rd tie-breaking votes, surpassing the record set by John C. Calhoun, to invoke cloture and then confirm the nomination of Loren AliKhan to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. ^[27]
• December 7, 2023: House votes 214–191 to censure Representative Jamaal Bowman of New York for pulling a fire alarm in the Capitol in October. ^[28]
• February 6, 2024: House votes to impeach Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, but the vote fails 214–216. ^[29]
• February 13, 2024: House votes again to impeach Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, succeeding 214–213. ^[13]
• February 28, 2024: Senator Mitch McConnell announces he will step down as Republican Senate Leader at the end of the 118th Congress, in January 2025. ^[30]
• March 7, 2024: President Biden delivers the 2024 State of the Union Address.
• April 11, 2024: Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida addresses a joint session of Congress. ^[31]
• April 16–17, 2024: Two articles of impeachment against Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas are delivered and read in the Senate, with votes on the following day to dismiss both articles without a full trial, 51–48 and 51–49. ^[32]

Major legislation

Enacted

Main article: List of acts of the 118th United States Congress

• March 20, 2023: COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023, S. 619

Debt-ceiling extension

• June 3, 2023: Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, H.R. 3746

Federal budget

The FY 2023–24 budget was passed after 4 continuing resolutions and 2 final omnibus bills (funding 6 out of 12 government agencies in each bill) in March.

Continuing resolutions:

• September 30, 2023: Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act, H.R. 5860
• November 17, 2023: Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 H.R. 6363
• January 19, 2024: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 H.R. 2872
• March 1, 2024: Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024 H.R. 7463

Final omnibus:

• March 9, 2024: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 H.R. 4366
• March 23, 2024: Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 H.R. 2882

Military

• December 22, 2023: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, H.R. 2670
• April 20, 2024: Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act, H.R. 7888

Proposed (but not enacted)

Main article: List of bills in the 118th United States Congress

House bills

• H.R. 1: Lower Energy Costs Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of March 30, 2023)
• H.R. 2: Secure the Border Act of 2023 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of May 11, 2023)
• H.R. 5: Parents Bill of Rights Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of March 27, 2023)
• H.R. 7: No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023)
• H.R. 11: Freedom to Vote Act
• H.R. 12: Women's Health Protection Act of 2023
• H.R. 14: John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2023
• H.R. 15: Equality Act
• H.R. 16: American Dream and Promise Act of 2023
• H.R. 17: Paycheck Fairness Act
• H.R. 20: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2023
• H.R. 21: Strategic Production Response Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 30, 2023)
• H.R. 22: Protecting America's Strategic Petroleum Reserve from China Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
• H.R. 23: Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
• H.R. 25: FairTax Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023)
• H.R. 26: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
• H.R. 40: Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
• H.R. 51: Washington, D.C., Admission Act (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023)
• H.R. 82: Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023)
• H.R. 277: Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of June 20, 2023)
• H.R. 734: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of April 25, 2023)
• H.R. 815: National Security Act of 2024 (passed House as unrelated RELIEVE Act, passed Senate with an amendment, pending before the House as of February 20, 2024)
• H.R. 1124: Federal Death Penalty Abolition Act
• H.R. 1279: Sunshine Protection Act of 2023
• H.R. 1282: "The Major Richard Star Act" To amend title 10, United States Code, to expand eligibility to certain military retirees for concurrent receipt of veterans' disability compensation and retired pay or combat-related special compensation, and for other purposes (placed on Union Calendar No. 117)
• H.R. 2663: Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act
• H.R. 2811: Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (partially incorporated into Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023)
• H.R. 2891: SAFE Banking Act of 2023
• H.R. 2953: FAIR Act of 2023
• H.R. 3194: U.S. Citizenship Act of 2023
• H.R. 3421: Medicare for All Act
• H.R. 4319: Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2023
• H.R. 4889: Raise the Wage Act of 2023
• H.R. 5601: MORE Act of 2023
• H.R. 7024: Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of February 1, 2024)
• H.R. 7521: Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (passed House, pending before the Senate)

Senate bills

• S. 1: Freedom to Vote Act
• S. 5: Equality Act
• S. 40: Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
• S. 316: A bill to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq. (passed Senate, pending before the House as of March 30, 2023)
• S. 326: VA Medicinal Cannabis Research Act (Senate rejected cloture motion on April 26, 2023)
• S. 582: Sunshine Protection Act of 2023
• S. 567: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2023
• S. 597: Social Security Fairness Act of 2023
• S. 686: RESTRICT Act (Senate committee consideration as of March 7, 2023)
• S. 701: Women's Health Protection Act of 2023 (placed on Legislative Calendar on March 9, 2023)
• S. 870: Fire Grants and Safety Act (pending before the House as of April 24, 2023)
• S. 916: Junk Fee Prevention Act (Senate committee consideration as of March 22, 2023)
• S. 1149: Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2023
• S. 1176: Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act
• S. 1655: Medicare for All Act
• S. 1376: Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal Act
• S. 2488: Raise the Wage Act of 2023
• S. 2860: SAFER Banking Act of 2023

Major resolutions

Adopted

• H.Res. 5: Adopting the Rules of the House of Representatives for the One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, and for other purposes.
• H.Res. 11: Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party.
• H.Res. 12: Establishing a Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government as a select investigative subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary.
• H.Res. 76: Removing Ilhan Omar from the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
• H.Res. 521: Censuring Adam Schiff and referring his conduct to the House Ethics Committee for further investigation.
• H.Res. 757: Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.
• H.Res. 845: Censuring Rashida Tlaib for statements on the Israel–Hamas war considered antisemitic.
• H.Res. 863: Impeaching Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas.
• H.Res. 878: Expelling George Santos for alleged fraud and campaign finance violations.
• H.Res. 914: Censuring Jamaal Bowman for unlawfully pulling a fire alarm in the Capitol.
• H.J.Res. 7: Terminating the national emergency concerning COVID-19 declared by the President on March 13, 2020.
• H.J.Res. 26: Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act of 2022.
• S.Res. 376: Clarifying the dress code for the floor of the Senate.

Proposed

• H.Res. 786: Calling for an immediate deescalation and cease-fire in Israel and occupied Palestine. (referred to the House Foreign Affairs Committee)
• H.Con.Res. 3: Expressing the sense of Congress condemning the recent attacks on pro-life facilities, groups, and churches. (awaiting action in the Senate)
• H.Con.Res. 9: Denouncing the horrors of socialism. (awaiting action in the Senate)
• S.J.Res. 4: Removing the deadline for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Vetoed

• H.J.Res. 27: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'".
• H.J.Res. 30: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".
• H.J.Res. 39: Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414".
• H.J.Res. 42: Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022.
• H.J.Res. 45: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans".
• S.J.Res. 11: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards".
• S.J.Res. 32: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)".
• S.J.Res. 38: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers".

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section:

Number of members of Congress by age,
118th Congress

Senate

Senate membership October 3, 2023 – present Begin (January 3, 2023 – January 8, 2023) January 8, 2023 – January 23, 2023 January 23, 2023 – September 29, 2023 September 29, 2023 – October 3, 2023

Overview of Senate membership by party

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Independent*	Republican
End of previous Congress [lower-alpha 3]	48	2	50	100	0
Begin (January 3, 2023)	48	3	49	100	0
January 8, 2023 [lower-alpha 4]			48	99	1
January 23, 2023 [lower-alpha 4]			49	100	0
September 29, 2023 [lower-alpha 5]	47			99	1
October 3, 2023 [lower-alpha 5]	48			100	0
Current voting share	51.0%		49.0%

• All three self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.

House of Representatives

House membership February 28, 2024 – present Begin (January 3, 2023 – March 7, 2023) March 7, 2023 – May 31, 2023 May 31, 2023 – September 15, 2023 September 15, 2023 – November 13, 2023 November 13, 2023 – November 28, 2023 November 28, 2023 – December 1, 2023 December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 – January 21, 2024 January 21, 2024 – February 2, 2024 February 2, 2024 – February 28, 2024

Overview of House membership by party

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Republican
End of previous Congress	216	213	429	6
Begin (January 3, 2023) [lower-alpha 6]	212	222	434	1
March 7, 2023 [lower-alpha 6]	213		435	0
May 31, 2023 [lower-alpha 7]	212		434	1
September 15, 2023 [lower-alpha 8]		221	433	2
November 13, 2023 [lower-alpha 7]	213		434	1
November 28, 2023 [lower-alpha 8]		222	435	0
December 1, 2023 [lower-alpha 9]		221	434	1
December 31, 2023 [lower-alpha 10]		220	433	2
January 21, 2024 [lower-alpha 11]		219	432	3
February 2, 2024 [lower-alpha 12]	212		431	4
February 28, 2024 [lower-alpha 9]	213		432	3
March 22, 2024 [lower-alpha 13]		218	431	4
April 20, 2024 [lower-alpha 14]		217	430	5
Current voting share	49.5%	50.5%
Non-voting members	3	3 [lower-alpha 15]	6	0

Leadership

Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".

Senate

Senate President
Kamala Harris (D)

Senate President pro tempore
Patty Murray (D)

Presiding

• President: Kamala Harris (D)
• President pro tempore: Patty Murray (D) ^[45]

Majority (Democratic)

• Majority Leader/Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: ^{[lower-alpha 16]} Chuck Schumer (NY)
• Majority Whip: Dick Durbin (IL)
• Chair of the Democratic Policy & Communications Committee: Debbie Stabenow (MI)
• Chair of the Democratic Steering Committee: Amy Klobuchar (MN)
• Vice Chairs, Senate Democratic Caucus: Mark Warner (VA) & Elizabeth Warren (MA)
• Chair of the Democratic Outreach Committee: Bernie Sanders (VT)
• Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin (WI)
• Vice Chairs of the Democratic Policy & Communications Committee: Joe Manchin (WV) & Cory Booker (NJ)
• Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Gary Peters (MI)
• Vice Chair of the Democratic Steering Committee: Jeanne Shaheen (NH)
• Vice Chair of the Democratic Outreach Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto (NV)
• Deputy Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Brian Schatz (HI)
• Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whip: Jeff Merkley (OR)
• Vice Chairs of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Tina Smith (MN) & Alex Padilla (CA)

Minority (Republican)

• Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell (KY) ^{[46] [47]}
• Minority Whip: John Thune (SD)
• Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference: John Barrasso (WY)
• Chairwoman of the Republican Policy Committee: Joni Ernst (IA)
• Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Shelley Moore Capito (WV)
• Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee: Steve Daines (MT)
• Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Mike Lee (UT)

House of Representatives

House Speaker

Kevin McCarthy (R),
from January 7 to October 3, 2023

Patrick McHenry (R),
from October 3 to October 25, 2023 (as Speaker pro tempore)

Mike Johnson (R),
from October 25, 2023

Presiding

• Speaker:
  • Kevin McCarthy (R), January 7, 2023 – October 3, 2023
  • Patrick McHenry (R), October 3–25, 2023 (as speaker pro tempore)
  • Mike Johnson (R), from October 25, 2023

Majority (Republican)

• Majority Leader: Steve Scalise ( LA1 )
• Majority Whip: Tom Emmer ( MN6 )
• Conference Chair: Elise Stefanik ( NY21 )
• Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference:
  • Mike Johnson ( LA4 ), until October 25, 2023
  • Blake Moore ( UT1 ), since November 8, 2023
• Policy Committee Chairman: Gary Palmer ( AL6 )
• Conference Secretary: Lisa McClain ( MI9 )
• Campaign Committee Chairman: Richard Hudson ( NC9 )
• Majority Chief Deputy Whip: Guy Reschenthaler ( PA14 )

Minority (Democratic)

• Minority Leader: Hakeem Jeffries ( NY8 ) ^[48]
• Minority Whip: Katherine Clark ( MA5 )
• Caucus Chairman: Pete Aguilar ( CA33 )
• Assistant Democratic Leader:
  • Jim Clyburn ( SC6 ), until February 14, 2024
  • Joe Neguse ( CO2 ), since March 20, 2024
• Caucus Vice Chairman: Ted Lieu ( CA36 )
• Minority Senior Chief Deputy Whip: Jan Schakowsky ( IL9 )
• Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Suzan DelBene ( WA1 )
• Chair of the Democratic Policy and Communications Committee:
  • Joe Neguse ( CO2 ), until March 20, 2024
  • Vacant, since March 20, 2024
• House Democratic Freshman Class Leadership Representative: Jasmine Crockett ( TX30 )

Members

Senate

For year of birth, when first took office, prior background, and education, see List of current United States senators.

Contents

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New York
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 3 seats were contested in the November 2022 elections. In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiring re-election in 2028; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2026.

Alabama ▌2. Tommy Tuberville (R) ▌3. Katie Britt (R) Alaska ▌2. Dan Sullivan (R) ▌3. Lisa Murkowski (R) Arizona ▌1. Kyrsten Sinema (I) [lower-alpha 3] ▌3. Mark Kelly (D) Arkansas ▌2. Tom Cotton (R) ▌3. John Boozman (R) California ▌1. Dianne Feinstein (D) (until September 29, 2023) [lower-alpha 5] ▌ Laphonza Butler (D) (from October 3, 2023) [lower-alpha 5] ▌ TBD [lower-alpha 17] ▌3. Alex Padilla (D) Colorado ▌2. John Hickenlooper (D) ▌3. Michael Bennet (D) Connecticut ▌1. Chris Murphy (D) ▌3. Richard Blumenthal (D) Delaware ▌1. Tom Carper (D) ▌2. Chris Coons (D) Florida ▌1. Rick Scott (R) ▌3. Marco Rubio (R) Georgia ▌2. Jon Ossoff (D) ▌3. Raphael Warnock (D) Hawaii ▌1. Mazie Hirono (D) ▌3. Brian Schatz (D) Idaho ▌2. Jim Risch (R) ▌3. Mike Crapo (R) Illinois ▌2. Dick Durbin (D) ▌3. Tammy Duckworth (D) Indiana ▌1. Mike Braun (R) ▌3. Todd Young (R) Iowa ▌2. Joni Ernst (R) ▌3. Chuck Grassley (R) Kansas ▌2. Roger Marshall (R) ▌3. Jerry Moran (R) Kentucky ▌2. Mitch McConnell (R) ▌3. Rand Paul (R) Louisiana ▌2. Bill Cassidy (R) ▌3. John Kennedy (R) Maine ▌1. Angus King (I) ▌2. Susan Collins (R) Maryland ▌1. Ben Cardin (D) ▌3. Chris Van Hollen (D) Massachusetts ▌1. Elizabeth Warren (D) ▌2. Ed Markey (D) Michigan ▌1. Debbie Stabenow (D) ▌2. Gary Peters (D) Minnesota ▌1. Amy Klobuchar (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] ▌2. Tina Smith (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] Mississippi ▌1. Roger Wicker (R) ▌2. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R) Missouri ▌1. Josh Hawley (R) ▌3. Eric Schmitt (R)

Montana ▌1. Jon Tester (D) ▌2. Steve Daines (R) Nebraska ▌1. Deb Fischer (R) ▌2. Ben Sasse (R) (until January 8, 2023) [lower-alpha 4] ▌ Pete Ricketts (R) (from January 23, 2023) [lower-alpha 4] Nevada ▌1. Jacky Rosen (D) ▌3. Catherine Cortez Masto (D) New Hampshire ▌2. Jeanne Shaheen (D) ▌3. Maggie Hassan (D) New Jersey ▌1. Bob Menendez (D) ▌2. Cory Booker (D) New Mexico ▌1. Martin Heinrich (D) ▌2. Ben Ray Luján (D) New York ▌1. Kirsten Gillibrand (D) ▌3. Chuck Schumer (D) North Carolina ▌2. Thom Tillis (R) ▌3. Ted Budd (R) North Dakota ▌1. Kevin Cramer (R) ▌3. John Hoeven (R) Ohio ▌1. Sherrod Brown (D) ▌3. J. D. Vance (R) Oklahoma ▌2. Markwayne Mullin (R) ▌3. James Lankford (R) Oregon ▌2. Jeff Merkley (D) ▌3. Ron Wyden (D) Pennsylvania ▌1. Bob Casey Jr. (D) ▌3. John Fetterman (D) Rhode Island ▌1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D) ▌2. Jack Reed (D) South Carolina ▌2. Lindsey Graham (R) ▌3. Tim Scott (R) South Dakota ▌2. Mike Rounds (R) ▌3. John Thune (R) Tennessee ▌1. Marsha Blackburn (R) ▌2. Bill Hagerty (R) Texas ▌1. Ted Cruz (R) ▌2. John Cornyn (R) Utah ▌1. Mitt Romney (R) ▌3. Mike Lee (R) Vermont ▌1. Bernie Sanders (I) ▌3. Peter Welch (D) Virginia ▌1. Tim Kaine (D) ▌2. Mark Warner (D) Washington ▌1. Maria Cantwell (D) ▌3. Patty Murray (D) West Virginia ▌1. Joe Manchin (D) ▌2. Shelley Moore Capito (R) Wisconsin ▌1. Tammy Baldwin (D) ▌3. Ron Johnson (R) Wyoming ▌1. John Barrasso (R) ▌2. Cynthia Lummis (R)

2 Democrats (21 states)   1 Democrat and 1 Independent who caucuses with Democrats (2 states)   1 Democrat and 1 Republican (4 states)   1 Republican and 1 Independent who caucuses with Democrats (1 state)   2 Republicans (22 states) Senate majority leadership Democratic leader Chuck Schumer Democratic whip Dick Durbin Senate minority leadership Republican leader Mitch McConnell Republican whip John Thune

House of Representatives

Further information: List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

All 435 seats were filled by election in November 2022. Additionally, six non-voting members were elected from the American territories and Washington, D.C. ^{[lower-alpha 19]}

The numbers refer to the congressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the 2020 United States census. ^{[lower-alpha 20] [lower-alpha 21]}

Contents

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New York
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming
• Non-voting members

Alabama ▌ 1 . Jerry Carl (R) ▌ 2 . Barry Moore (R) ▌ 3 . Mike Rogers (R) ▌ 4 . Robert Aderholt (R) ▌ 5 . Dale Strong (R) ▌ 6 . Gary Palmer (R) ▌ 7 . Terri Sewell (D) Alaska ▌ At-large . Mary Peltola (D) Arizona ▌ 1 . David Schweikert (R) ▌ 2 . Eli Crane (R) ▌ 3 . Ruben Gallego (D) ▌ 4 . Greg Stanton (D) ▌ 5 . Andy Biggs (R) ▌ 6 . Juan Ciscomani (R) ▌ 7 . Raúl Grijalva (D) ▌ 8 . Debbie Lesko (R) ▌ 9 . Paul Gosar (R) Arkansas ▌ 1 . Rick Crawford (R) ▌ 2 . French Hill (R) ▌ 3 . Steve Womack (R) ▌ 4 . Bruce Westerman (R) California ▌ 1 . Doug LaMalfa (R) ▌ 2 . Jared Huffman (D) ▌ 3 . Kevin Kiley (R) ▌ 4 . Mike Thompson (D) ▌ 5 . Tom McClintock (R) ▌ 6 . Ami Bera (D) ▌ 7 . Doris Matsui (D) ▌ 8 . John Garamendi (D) ▌ 9 . Josh Harder (D) ▌ 10 . Mark DeSaulnier (D) ▌ 11 . Nancy Pelosi (D) ▌ 12 . Barbara Lee (D) ▌ 13 . John Duarte (R) ▌ 14 . Eric Swalwell (D) ▌ 15 . Kevin Mullin (D) ▌ 16 . Anna Eshoo (D) ▌ 17 . Ro Khanna (D) ▌ 18 . Zoe Lofgren (D) ▌ 19 . Jimmy Panetta (D) ▌ 20 . Kevin McCarthy (R) (until December 31, 2023) [lower-alpha 10] ▌Vacant ▌ 21 . Jim Costa (D) ▌ 22 . David Valadao (R) ▌ 23 . Jay Obernolte (R) ▌ 24 . Salud Carbajal (D) ▌ 25 . Raul Ruiz (D) ▌ 26 . Julia Brownley (D) ▌ 27 . Mike Garcia (R) ▌ 28 . Judy Chu (D) ▌ 29 . Tony Cárdenas (D) ▌ 30 . Adam Schiff (D) ▌ 31 . Grace Napolitano (D) ▌ 32 . Brad Sherman (D) ▌ 33 . Pete Aguilar (D) ▌ 34 . Jimmy Gomez (D) ▌ 35 . Norma Torres (D) ▌ 36 . Ted Lieu (D) ▌ 37 . Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D) ▌ 38 . Linda Sánchez (D) ▌ 39 . Mark Takano (D) ▌ 40 . Young Kim (R) ▌ 41 . Ken Calvert (R) ▌ 42 . Robert Garcia (D) ▌ 43 . Maxine Waters (D) ▌ 44 . Nanette Barragán (D) ▌ 45 . Michelle Steel (R) ▌ 46 . Lou Correa (D) ▌ 47 . Katie Porter (D) ▌ 48 . Darrell Issa (R) ▌ 49 . Mike Levin (D) ▌ 50 . Scott Peters (D) ▌ 51 . Sara Jacobs (D) ▌ 52 . Juan Vargas (D) Colorado ▌ 1 . Diana DeGette (D) ▌ 2 . Joe Neguse (D) ▌ 3 . Lauren Boebert (R) ▌ 4 . Ken Buck (R) (until March 22, 2024) [lower-alpha 13] ▌Vacant ▌ 5 . Doug Lamborn (R) ▌ 6 . Jason Crow (D) ▌ 7 . Brittany Pettersen (D) ▌ 8 . Yadira Caraveo (D) Connecticut ▌ 1 . John B. Larson (D) ▌ 2 . Joe Courtney (D) ▌ 3 . Rosa DeLauro (D) ▌ 4 . Jim Himes (D) ▌ 5 . Jahana Hayes (D) Delaware ▌ At-large . Lisa Blunt Rochester (D) Florida ▌ 1 . Matt Gaetz (R) ▌ 2 . Neal Dunn (R) ▌ 3 . Kat Cammack (R) ▌ 4 . Aaron Bean (R) ▌ 5 . John Rutherford (R) ▌ 6 . Michael Waltz (R) ▌ 7 . Cory Mills (R) ▌ 8 . Bill Posey (R) ▌ 9 . Darren Soto (D) ▌ 10 . Maxwell Frost (D) ▌ 11 . Daniel Webster (R) ▌ 12 . Gus Bilirakis (R) ▌ 13 . Anna Paulina Luna (R) ▌ 14 . Kathy Castor (D) ▌ 15 . Laurel Lee (R) ▌ 16 . Vern Buchanan (R) ▌ 17 . Greg Steube (R) ▌ 18 . Scott Franklin (R) ▌ 19 . Byron Donalds (R) ▌ 20 . Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D) ▌ 21 . Brian Mast (R) ▌ 22 . Lois Frankel (D) ▌ 23 . Jared Moskowitz (D) ▌ 24 . Frederica Wilson (D) ▌ 25 . Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D) ▌ 26 . Mario Díaz-Balart (R) ▌ 27 . María Elvira Salazar (R) ▌ 28 . Carlos A. Giménez (R) Georgia ▌ 1 . Buddy Carter (R) ▌ 2 . Sanford Bishop (D) ▌ 3 . Drew Ferguson (R) ▌ 4 . Hank Johnson (D) ▌ 5 . Nikema Williams (D) ▌ 6 . Rich McCormick (R) ▌ 7 . Lucy McBath (D) ▌ 8 . Austin Scott (R) ▌ 9 . Andrew Clyde (R) ▌ 10 . Mike Collins (R) ▌ 11 . Barry Loudermilk (R) ▌ 12 . Rick Allen (R) ▌ 13 . David Scott (D) ▌ 14 . Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) Hawaii ▌ 1 . Ed Case (D) ▌ 2 . Jill Tokuda (D) Idaho ▌ 1 . Russ Fulcher (R) ▌ 2 . Mike Simpson (R) Illinois ▌ 1 . Jonathan Jackson (D) ▌ 2 . Robin Kelly (D) ▌ 3 . Delia Ramirez (D) ▌ 4 . Chuy García (D) ▌ 5 . Mike Quigley (D) ▌ 6 . Sean Casten (D) ▌ 7 . Danny Davis (D) ▌ 8 . Raja Krishnamoorthi (D) ▌ 9 . Jan Schakowsky (D) ▌ 10 . Brad Schneider (D) ▌ 11 . Bill Foster (D) ▌ 12 . Mike Bost (R) ▌ 13 . Nikki Budzinski (D) ▌ 14 . Lauren Underwood (D) ▌ 15 . Mary Miller (R) ▌ 16 . Darin LaHood (R) ▌ 17 . Eric Sorensen (D) Indiana ▌ 1 . Frank J. Mrvan (D) ▌ 2 . Rudy Yakym (R) ▌ 3 . Jim Banks (R) ▌ 4 . Jim Baird (R) ▌ 5 . Victoria Spartz (R) ▌ 6 . Greg Pence (R) ▌ 7 . André Carson (D) ▌ 8 . Larry Bucshon (R) ▌ 9 . Erin Houchin (R) Iowa ▌ 1 . Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R) ▌ 2 . Ashley Hinson (R) ▌ 3 . Zach Nunn (R) ▌ 4 . Randy Feenstra (R) Kansas ▌ 1 . Tracey Mann (R) ▌ 2 . Jake LaTurner (R) ▌ 3 . Sharice Davids (D) ▌ 4 . Ron Estes (R) Kentucky ▌ 1 . James Comer (R) ▌ 2 . Brett Guthrie (R) ▌ 3 . Morgan McGarvey (D) ▌ 4 . Thomas Massie (R) ▌ 5 . Hal Rogers (R) ▌ 6 . Andy Barr (R) Louisiana ▌ 1 . Steve Scalise (R) ▌ 2 . Troy Carter (D) ▌ 3 . Clay Higgins (R) ▌ 4 . Mike Johnson (R) ▌ 5 . Julia Letlow (R) ▌ 6 . Garret Graves (R) Maine ▌ 1 . Chellie Pingree (D) ▌ 2 . Jared Golden (D) Maryland ▌ 1 . Andy Harris (R) ▌ 2 . Dutch Ruppersberger (D) ▌ 3 . John Sarbanes (D) ▌ 4 . Glenn Ivey (D) ▌ 5 . Steny Hoyer (D) ▌ 6 . David Trone (D) ▌ 7 . Kweisi Mfume (D) ▌ 8 . Jamie Raskin (D) Massachusetts ▌ 1 . Richard Neal (D) ▌ 2 . Jim McGovern (D) ▌ 3 . Lori Trahan (D) ▌ 4 . Jake Auchincloss (D) ▌ 5 . Katherine Clark (D) ▌ 6 . Seth Moulton (D) ▌ 7 . Ayanna Pressley (D) ▌ 8 . Stephen Lynch (D) ▌ 9 . Bill Keating (D) Michigan ▌ 1 . Jack Bergman (R) ▌ 2 . John Moolenaar (R) ▌ 3 . Hillary Scholten (D) ▌ 4 . Bill Huizenga (R) ▌ 5 . Tim Walberg (R) ▌ 6 . Debbie Dingell (D) ▌ 7 . Elissa Slotkin (D) ▌ 8 . Dan Kildee (D) ▌ 9 . Lisa McClain (R) ▌ 10 . John James (R) ▌ 11 . Haley Stevens (D) ▌ 12 . Rashida Tlaib (D) ▌ 13 . Shri Thanedar (D) Minnesota ▌ 1 . Brad Finstad (R) ▌ 2 . Angie Craig (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] ▌ 3 . Dean Phillips (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] ▌ 4 . Betty McCollum (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] ▌ 5 . Ilhan Omar (DFL) [lower-alpha 18] ▌ 6 . Tom Emmer (R) ▌ 7 . Michelle Fischbach (R) ▌ 8 . Pete Stauber (R) Mississippi ▌ 1 . Trent Kelly (R) ▌ 2 . Bennie Thompson (D) ▌ 3 . Michael Guest (R) ▌ 4 . Mike Ezell (R)

Missouri ▌ 1 . Cori Bush (D) ▌ 2 . Ann Wagner (R) ▌ 3 . Blaine Luetkemeyer (R) ▌ 4 . Mark Alford (R) ▌ 5 . Emanuel Cleaver (D) ▌ 6 . Sam Graves (R) ▌ 7 . Eric Burlison (R) ▌ 8 . Jason Smith (R) Montana ▌ 1 . Ryan Zinke (R) ▌ 2 . Matt Rosendale (R) Nebraska ▌ 1 . Mike Flood (R) ▌ 2 . Don Bacon (R) ▌ 3 . Adrian Smith (R) Nevada ▌ 1 . Dina Titus (D) ▌ 2 . Mark Amodei (R) ▌ 3 . Susie Lee (D) ▌ 4 . Steven Horsford (D) New Hampshire ▌ 1 . Chris Pappas (D) ▌ 2 . Annie Kuster (D) New Jersey ▌ 1 . Donald Norcross (D) ▌ 2 . Jeff Van Drew (R) ▌ 3 . Andy Kim (D) ▌ 4 . Chris Smith (R) ▌ 5 . Josh Gottheimer (D) ▌ 6 . Frank Pallone (D) ▌ 7 . Thomas Kean Jr. (R) ▌ 8 . Rob Menendez (D) ▌ 9 . Bill Pascrell (D) ▌ 10 . Donald Payne Jr. (D) ▌ 11 . Mikie Sherrill (D) ▌ 12 . Bonnie Watson Coleman (D) New Mexico ▌ 1 . Melanie Stansbury (D) ▌ 2 . Gabe Vasquez (D) ▌ 3 . Teresa Leger Fernandez (D) New York ▌ 1 . Nick LaLota (R) ▌ 2 . Andrew Garbarino (R) ▌ 3 . George Santos (R) (until December 1, 2023) [lower-alpha 9] ▌ Tom Suozzi (D) (from February 28, 2024) [lower-alpha 9] ▌ 4 . Anthony D'Esposito (R) ▌ 5 . Gregory Meeks (D) ▌ 6 . Grace Meng (D) ▌ 7 . Nydia Velázquez (D) ▌ 8 . Hakeem Jeffries (D) ▌ 9 . Yvette Clarke (D) ▌ 10 . Dan Goldman (D) ▌ 11 . Nicole Malliotakis (R) ▌ 12 . Jerry Nadler (D) ▌ 13 . Adriano Espaillat (D) ▌ 14 . Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) ▌ 15 . Ritchie Torres (D) ▌ 16 . Jamaal Bowman (D) ▌ 17 . Mike Lawler (R) ▌ 18 . Pat Ryan (D) ▌ 19 . Marc Molinaro (R) ▌ 20 . Paul Tonko (D) ▌ 21 . Elise Stefanik (R) ▌ 22 . Brandon Williams (R) ▌ 23 . Nick Langworthy (R) ▌ 24 . Claudia Tenney (R) ▌ 25 . Joseph Morelle (D) ▌ 26 . Brian Higgins (D) (until February 2, 2024) [lower-alpha 12] ▌Vacant North Carolina ▌ 1 . Don Davis (D) ▌ 2 . Deborah Ross (D) ▌ 3 . Greg Murphy (R) ▌ 4 . Valerie Foushee (D) ▌ 5 . Virginia Foxx (R) ▌ 6 . Kathy Manning (D) ▌ 7 . David Rouzer (R) ▌ 8 . Dan Bishop (R) ▌ 9 . Richard Hudson (R) ▌ 10 . Patrick McHenry (R) ▌ 11 . Chuck Edwards (R) ▌ 12 . Alma Adams (D) ▌ 13 . Wiley Nickel (D) ▌ 14 . Jeff Jackson (D) North Dakota ▌ At-large . Kelly Armstrong (R) Ohio ▌ 1 . Greg Landsman (D) ▌ 2 . Brad Wenstrup (R) ▌ 3 . Joyce Beatty (D) ▌ 4 . Jim Jordan (R) ▌ 5 . Bob Latta (R) ▌ 6 . Bill Johnson (R) (until January 21, 2024) [lower-alpha 11] ▌Vacant ▌ 7 . Max Miller (R) ▌ 8 . Warren Davidson (R) ▌ 9 . Marcy Kaptur (D) ▌ 10 . Mike Turner (R) ▌ 11 . Shontel Brown (D) ▌ 12 . Troy Balderson (R) ▌ 13 . Emilia Sykes (D) ▌ 14 . David Joyce (R) ▌ 15 . Mike Carey (R) Oklahoma ▌ 1 . Kevin Hern (R) ▌ 2 . Josh Brecheen (R) ▌ 3 . Frank Lucas (R) ▌ 4 . Tom Cole (R) ▌ 5 . Stephanie Bice (R) Oregon ▌ 1 . Suzanne Bonamici (D) ▌ 2 . Cliff Bentz (R) ▌ 3 . Earl Blumenauer (D) ▌ 4 . Val Hoyle (D) ▌ 5 . Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R) ▌ 6 . Andrea Salinas (D) Pennsylvania ▌ 1 . Brian Fitzpatrick (R) ▌ 2 . Brendan Boyle (D) ▌ 3 . Dwight Evans (D) ▌ 4 . Madeleine Dean (D) ▌ 5 . Mary Gay Scanlon (D) ▌ 6 . Chrissy Houlahan (D) ▌ 7 . Susan Wild (D) ▌ 8 . Matt Cartwright (D) ▌ 9 . Dan Meuser (R) ▌ 10 . Scott Perry (R) ▌ 11 . Lloyd Smucker (R) ▌ 12 . Summer Lee (D) ▌ 13 . John Joyce (R) ▌ 14 . Guy Reschenthaler (R) ▌ 15 . Glenn Thompson (R) ▌ 16 . Mike Kelly (R) ▌ 17 . Chris Deluzio (D) Rhode Island ▌ 1 . David Cicilline (D) (until May 31, 2023) [lower-alpha 7] ▌ Gabe Amo (D) (from November 13, 2023) [lower-alpha 7] ▌ 2 . Seth Magaziner (D) South Carolina ▌ 1 . Nancy Mace (R) ▌ 2 . Joe Wilson (R) ▌ 3 . Jeff Duncan (R) ▌ 4 . William Timmons (R) ▌ 5 . Ralph Norman (R) ▌ 6 . Jim Clyburn (D) ▌ 7 . Russell Fry (R) South Dakota ▌ At-large . Dusty Johnson (R) Tennessee ▌ 1 . Diana Harshbarger (R) ▌ 2 . Tim Burchett (R) ▌ 3 . Chuck Fleischmann (R) ▌ 4 . Scott DesJarlais (R) ▌ 5 . Andy Ogles (R) ▌ 6 . John Rose (R) ▌ 7 . Mark Green (R) ▌ 8 . David Kustoff (R) ▌ 9 . Steve Cohen (D) Texas ▌ 1 . Nathaniel Moran (R) ▌ 2 . Dan Crenshaw (R) ▌ 3 . Keith Self (R) ▌ 4 . Pat Fallon (R) ▌ 5 . Lance Gooden (R) ▌ 6 . Jake Ellzey (R) ▌ 7 . Lizzie Fletcher (D) ▌ 8 . Morgan Luttrell (R) ▌ 9 . Al Green (D) ▌ 10 . Michael McCaul (R) ▌ 11 . August Pfluger (R) ▌ 12 . Kay Granger (R) ▌ 13 . Ronny Jackson (R) ▌ 14 . Randy Weber (R) ▌ 15 . Monica De La Cruz (R) ▌ 16 . Veronica Escobar (D) ▌ 17 . Pete Sessions (R) ▌ 18 . Sheila Jackson Lee (D) ▌ 19 . Jodey Arrington (R) ▌ 20 . Joaquin Castro (D) ▌ 21 . Chip Roy (R) ▌ 22 . Troy Nehls (R) ▌ 23 . Tony Gonzales (R) ▌ 24 . Beth Van Duyne (R) ▌ 25 . Roger Williams (R) ▌ 26 . Michael C. Burgess (R) ▌ 27 . Michael Cloud (R) ▌ 28 . Henry Cuellar (D) ▌ 29 . Sylvia Garcia (D) ▌ 30 . Jasmine Crockett (D) ▌ 31 . John Carter (R) ▌ 32 . Colin Allred (D) ▌ 33 . Marc Veasey (D) ▌ 34 . Vicente Gonzalez (D) ▌ 35 . Greg Casar (D) ▌ 36 . Brian Babin (R) ▌ 37 . Lloyd Doggett (D) ▌ 38 . Wesley Hunt (R) Utah ▌ 1 . Blake Moore (R) ▌ 2 . Chris Stewart (R) (until September 15, 2023) [lower-alpha 8] ▌ Celeste Maloy (R) (from November 28, 2023) [lower-alpha 8] ▌ 3 . John Curtis (R) ▌ 4 . Burgess Owens (R) Vermont ▌ At-large . Becca Balint (D) Virginia ▌ 1 . Rob Wittman (R) ▌ 2 . Jen Kiggans (R) ▌ 3 . Bobby Scott (D) ▌ 4 . Jennifer McClellan (D) (from March 7, 2023) [lower-alpha 6] ▌ 5 . Bob Good (R) ▌ 6 . Ben Cline (R) ▌ 7 . Abigail Spanberger (D) ▌ 8 . Don Beyer (D) ▌ 9 . Morgan Griffith (R) ▌ 10 . Jennifer Wexton (D) ▌ 11 . Gerry Connolly (D) Washington ▌ 1 . Suzan DelBene (D) ▌ 2 . Rick Larsen (D) ▌ 3 . Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D) ▌ 4 . Dan Newhouse (R) ▌ 5 . Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R) ▌ 6 . Derek Kilmer (D) ▌ 7 . Pramila Jayapal (D) ▌ 8 . Kim Schrier (D) ▌ 9 . Adam Smith (D) ▌ 10 . Marilyn Strickland (D) West Virginia ▌ 1 . Carol Miller (R) ▌ 2 . Alex Mooney (R) Wisconsin ▌ 1 . Bryan Steil (R) ▌ 2 . Mark Pocan (D) ▌ 3 . Derrick Van Orden (R) ▌ 4 . Gwen Moore (D) ▌ 5 . Scott Fitzgerald (R) ▌ 6 . Glenn Grothman (R) ▌ 7 . Tom Tiffany (R) ▌ 8 . Mike Gallagher (R) (until April 20, 2024) [lower-alpha 14] ▌Vacant Wyoming ▌ At-large . Harriet Hageman (R) Non-voting members ▌ American Samoa : Amata Coleman Radewagen (R) ▌ District of Columbia : Eleanor Holmes Norton (D) ▌ Guam : James Moylan (R) [49] ▌ Northern Mariana Islands : Gregorio Sablan (D) ▌ Puerto Rico : Jenniffer González (R-PNP) [lower-alpha 19] ▌ United States Virgin Islands : Stacey Plaskett (D)

House composition by district   Held by Democrats   Held by Republicans   Vacant House seats by party holding majority in state, as of February 28, 2024. D: 100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50% R: 100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50% House majority leadership Republican leader Steve Scalise Republican whip Tom Emmer House minority leadership Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries Democratic whip Katherine Clark

Changes in membership

Senate changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Senate changes

State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation [lower-alpha 22]
Nebraska (2)	Ben Sasse (R)	Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of the University of Florida. [35] Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term. [50] [lower-alpha 23]	Pete Ricketts (R)	January 23, 2023
California (1)	Dianne Feinstein (D)	Incumbent died September 29, 2023. [36] Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term. [52]	Laphonza Butler (D)	October 3, 2023
California (1)	Laphonza Butler (D)	Appointment to expire in November or December 2024, following a special election. [53] Successor will be elected November 5, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress. [54]	TBD

House of Representatives changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

House changes

District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation [lower-alpha 22]
Virginia 4	Vacant	Incumbent Donald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress. A special election was held on February 21, 2023. [55]	Jennifer McClellan (D)	March 7, 2023
Rhode Island 1	David Cicilline (D)	Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation. A special election was held on November 7, 2023. [40]	Gabe Amo (D)	November 13, 2023
Utah 2	Chris Stewart (R)	Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues. A special election was held on November 21, 2023. [42]	Celeste Maloy (R)	November 28, 2023
New York 3	George Santos (R)	Incumbent expelled December 1, 2023. [56] A special election was held on February 13, 2024.	Tom Suozzi (D)	February 28, 2024
California 20	Kevin McCarthy (R)	Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023. [57] A special election will be held with a nonpartisan blanket primary on March 19, 2024, and the general election on May 21, 2024.	TBD (R) [lower-alpha 24]	TBD
Ohio 6	Bill Johnson (R)	Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president of Youngstown State University. [58] [59] A special election will be held with primaries on March 19, 2024, and the general election on June 11, 2024.	TBD
New York 26	Brian Higgins (D)	Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center. [60] A special election will be held on April 30, 2024. [61]	TBD
Colorado 4	Ken Buck (R)	Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024. [62] A special election will be held on June 25, 2024.	TBD
Wisconsin 8	Mike Gallagher (R)	Incumbent resigned on April 20, 2024. [63]	Vacant until the next Congress [64]

Committees

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate committees

Standing committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees

Committee	Chair	Ranking Member/Vice Chair
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry	Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)	John Boozman (R-AR)
Appropriations	Patty Murray (D-WA)	Susan Collins (R-ME)
Armed Services	Jack Reed (D-RI)	Roger Wicker (R-MS)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs	Sherrod Brown (D-OH)	Tim Scott (R-SC)
Budget	Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)	Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Commerce, Science and Transportation	Maria Cantwell (D-WA)	Ted Cruz (R-TX)
Energy and Natural Resources	Joe Manchin (D-WV)	John Barrasso (R-WY)
Environment and Public Works	Tom Carper (D-DE)	Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)
Finance	Ron Wyden (D-OR)	Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Foreign Relations	Bob Menendez (D-NJ) until September 22, 2023 Ben Cardin (D-MD) from September 25, 2023	Jim Risch (R-ID)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions	Bernie Sanders (I-VT)	Bill Cassidy (R-LA)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs	Gary Peters (D-MI)	Rand Paul (R-KY)
Judiciary	Dick Durbin (D-IL)	Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
Rules and Administration	Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)	Deb Fischer (R-NE)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship	Ben Cardin (D-MD) until September 25, 2023 Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) from September 27, 2023	Joni Ernst (R-IA)
Veterans' Affairs	Jon Tester (D-MT)	Jerry Moran (R-KS)

Select, permanent select and special committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees

Committee	Chair	Ranking Member/Vice Chair
Aging (Special)	Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA)	Mike Braun (R-IN)
Ethics (Select)	Chris Coons (D-DE)	James Lankford (R-OK)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)	Brian Schatz (D-HI)	Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Intelligence (Select)	Mark Warner (D-VA)	Marco Rubio (R-FL)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)	Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)	Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

House of Representatives committees

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees

Committee	Chair	Ranking Member
Agriculture	Glenn Thompson (R-PA)	David Scott (D-GA)
Appropriations	Kay Granger (R-TX) until April 10, 2024 Tom Cole (R-OK) from April 10, 2024	Rosa DeLauro (D-CT)
Armed Services	Mike Rogers (R-AL)	Adam Smith (D-WA)
Budget	Jodey Arrington (R-TX)	Brendan Boyle (D-PA)
Education and the Workforce	Virginia Foxx (R-NC)	Bobby Scott (D-VA)
Energy and Commerce	Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA)	Frank Pallone (D-NJ)
Ethics	Michael Guest (R-MS)	Susan Wild (D-PA)
Financial Services	Patrick McHenry (R-NC)	Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Foreign Affairs	Michael McCaul (R-TX)	Gregory Meeks (D-NY)
Homeland Security	Mark Green (R-TN)	Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House Administration	Bryan Steil (R-WI)	Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Intelligence (Permanent Select)	Mike Turner (R-OH)	Jim Himes (D-CT)
Judiciary	Jim Jordan (R-OH)	Jerry Nadler (D-NY)
Natural Resources	Bruce Westerman (R-AR)	Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ)
Oversight and Reform	James Comer (R-KY)	Jamie Raskin (D-MD)
Rules	Tom Cole (R-OK) until April 10, 2024 Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) from April 10, 2024	Jim McGovern (D-MA)
Science, Space and Technology	Frank Lucas (R- OK)	Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
Small Business	Roger Williams (R-TX)	Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and Infrastructure	Sam Graves (R-MO)	Rick Larsen (D-WA)
Veterans' Affairs	Mike Bost (R-IL)	Mark Takano (D-CA)
Ways and Means	Jason Smith (R-MO)	Richard Neal (D-MA)

Joint committees

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees

Committee	Chair	Vice Chair	Ranking Member	Vice Ranking Member
Economic	Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM)	Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ)	Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA)	Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)
Library	Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)	Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)	Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)	Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
Printing	Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)	Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)	Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)	Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Taxation [lower-alpha 25]	Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO)	Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR)	Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID)	Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA)

Officers and officials

Congressional officers

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Brett Blanton (until February 13, 2023)
  • Vacant(Chere Rexroat acting Architect from February 13, 2023)
• Attending Physician: Brian P. Monahan

Senate officers

• Chaplain: Barry Black (Seventh-day Adventist)
• Curator: Melinda Smith
• Historian: Betty Koed
• Librarian: Meghan Dunn
• Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough
• Secretary: Sonceria Berry
• Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: Karen Gibson

House of Representatives officers

• Chaplain: Margaret G. Kibben (Presbyterian)
• Chief Administrative Officer: Catherine Szpindor
• Clerk:
  • Cheryl Johnson (until June 30, 2023)
  • Kevin McCumber (from July 1, 2023)
• Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
• Parliamentarian: Jason Smith
• Reading Clerks: Tylease Alli (D) and Susan Cole (R)
• Sergeant at Arms: William McFarland

See also

• List of new members of the 118th United States Congress
• 2022 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 2022 United States Senate elections
  • 2022 United States House of Representatives elections
• 2024 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 2024 United States Senate elections
  • 2024 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

1. Removed in a vote of the House.
2. McConnell has served as Senate Republican Leader since January 3, 2007, and Durbin has served as Senate Democratic Whip since January 3, 2005.
3. In Arizona: Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party to become an independent politician on December 9, 2022. Effective January 3, 2023, Sinema does not participate in either political party caucus but keeps her seniority and continues to receive committee assignments through the Democrats. ^{[33] [34]}
4. In Nebraska: Ben Sasse (R) resigned on January 8, 2023, to become President of the University of Florida. ^[35] Pete Ricketts (R) was appointed to fill the vacancy on January 12, 2023, and took office on January 23.
5. In California: Dianne Feinstein (D) died on September 29, 2023. ^[36] Laphonza Butler (D) was appointed to fill the vacancy on October 1, 2023, and took office on October 3. ^[37]
6. In Virginia's 4th district : Donald McEachin (D) died during the previous Congress, and Jennifer McClellan (D) was elected February 21, 2023. She was sworn in on March 7. ^{[38] [39]}
7. In Rhode Island's 1st district : David Cicilline (D) resigned on May 31, 2023, and Gabe Amo (D) was elected November 7, 2023. He was sworn in on November 13. ^[40]
8. In Utah's 2nd district : Chris Stewart (R) resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues, ^{[41] [42]} and Celeste Maloy (R) was elected November 21, 2023. She was sworn in on November 28, 2023. ^[43]
9. In New York's 3rd district : George Santos (R) was expelled on December 1, 2023. Tom Suozzi (D) was elected February 13, 2024. He was sworn in on February 28, 2024. ^[44]
10. In California's 20th district : Kevin McCarthy (R) resigned on December 31, 2023. A special election will be held on May 21, 2024.
11. In Ohio's 6th district : Bill Johnson (R) resigned on January 21, 2024. A special election will be held on June 11, 2024.
12. In New York's 26th district : Brian Higgins (D) resigned on February 2, 2024. A special election will be held on April 30, 2024.
13. In Colorado's 4th district : Ken Buck (R) resigned on March 22, 2024. A special election will be held on June 25, 2024.
14. In Wisconsin's 8th district : Mike Gallagher (R) resigned on April 20, 2024. The seat will remain vacant for the rest of the congress.
15. Includes a New Progressive Party member who is also affiliated as a Republican.
16. Since 1920, the Senate Democratic leader has also concurrently served as the Democratic Caucus chairperson; this is an unwritten tradition.
17. In California, There are two elections, a special election to fill the seat for the final two months of this congress, and a general election for a full term starting with the 119th Congress. Butler is not running to finish the final two months of the current term.
18. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
19. Puerto Rico's non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. Jenniffer González was last elected in 2020.
20. The new districts created were: Colorado's 8th ; Florida's 28th ; North Carolina's 14th ; Oregon's 6th ; Texas's 37th ; Texas's 38th . The districts re-created were: Montana's 1st ; Montana's 2nd .
21. The eliminated districts were: California's 53rd ; Illinois's 18th ; Michigan's 14th ; Montana's at-large ; New York's 27th ; Ohio's 16th ; Pennsylvania's 18th ; West Virginia's 3rd .
22. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
23. Ricketts serves as senator on an interim basis, until a special election, which will be held on November 5, 2024, concurrently with the presidential election and the general election for Nebraska's class 1 senator. The winner of the special election will complete the remainder of Sasse's term, which expires on January 3, 2027, when the winner of the 2026 regular election will commence a full term. ^[51]
24. The general election will be contested between two Republicans.
25. The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

References

1. "Republicans win control of the House, NBC News projects, overtaking Democrats by a slim margin". NBC News. November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
2. Binder, Sarah (December 26, 2023). "Why Congress's 2023 was so dismal". Good Authority.
3. Garrity, Kelly (November 15, 2023). "Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights". Politico. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
4. "Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades". Axios. 2023.
5. Wong, Scott (February 22, 2024). "Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements". NBC News.
6. "House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker". The Hill. October 3, 2023.
7. "President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown". AP News. January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
8. Yilek, Caitlin (March 1, 2024). "Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown". CBS News.
9. Wondra, Jan (March 23, 2024). "CONGRESS FINALLY PASSES BIPARTISAN FUNDING BILLS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024". Ark Valley Voice.
10. Schnell, Mychael (December 6, 2023). "GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote". The Hill.
11. "Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence". Reuters. 2023.
12. Beitsch, Rebecca (February 6, 2024). "In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails". The Hill.
13. Parkinson, Josh; Peller, Lauren; Ali, Ayesha (February 13, 2024). "House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
14. Nazzaro, Miranda (April 18, 2024). "Cruz: Democrats tossed '2 centuries of precedent' by rejecting Mayorkas articles of impeachment". The Hill.
15. "House Speaker Election Coverage: House adjourns after McCarthy suffers defeat on third ballot". The Hill. January 3, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
16. McCartney, Allison; Parlapiano, Alicia; Wu, Ashley; Zhang, Christine; Williams, Josh; Cochrane, Emily; Murphy, John-Michael (January 6, 2023). "Vote Count: McCarthy Elected House Speaker After 15 Ballots". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
17. "House Republicans vote to remove Rep. Ilhan Omar from the Foreign Affairs Committee". NPR . February 2, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
18. "In rowdy scene, House censures Rep. Adam Schiff over Trump-Russia investigations". Associated Press . June 21, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
19. "Harris ties Calhoun's 191-year-old record for breaking Senate ties". Roll Call. July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
20. "Dianne Feinstein: Senator died of natural causes Friday morning". The San Francisco Chronicle. September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
21. Greve, Joan E. (October 3, 2023). "Kevin McCarthy ousted as US House speaker by hard-right Republicans". The Guardian . ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved October 3, 2023.
22. "Joe Biden, In Oval Office Primetime Address, Makes Case For Renewed Support For Israel And Ukraine: "American Leadership Is What Holds The World Together"". Deadline Hollywood . October 19, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
23. "House elects Mike Johnson as Speaker, ending GOP chaos". The Hill. October 25, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
24. Jorgensen, Sarah (November 7, 2023). "Tlaib again faces censure resolutions over Israel comments | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
25. Breuninger, Kevin (December 1, 2023). "Rep. George Santos expelled from Congress for corruption, cutting GOP majority". CNBC. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
26. Ferek, Katy Stech; Vielkind, Jimmy (December 1, 2023). "George Santos Expelled From Congress in Tense House Vote". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
27. Nerozzi, Timothy H. J. "Harris makes history with record-setting tie-breaking Senate vote". Fox News. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
28. Amiri, Farnoush. "House votes to censure Democratic Rep. Bowman for pulling a fire alarm in a Capitol office building". Associated Press.
29. "The GOP-controlled House fails to impeach the homeland security secretary. What could come next?". AP News. February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
30. "McConnell will step down as the Senate Republican leader in November after a record run in the job". AP News. February 28, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
31. "Japan's Kishida pleads with US to overcome 'self-doubt' of global role". The Hill. April 11, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
32. "Senate rejects impeachment articles against Mayorkas, ending trial against Cabinet secretary". Associated Press. April 16, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.
33. "Sinema leaving the Democratic Party and registering as an independent". CNN . December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
34. 2023  Congressional Record, Vol. 169, Page  S22 (January 3, 2023)
35. Hammel, Paul (December 5, 2022). "Ben Sasse makes it official, will resign U.S. Senate seat Jan. 8". Nebraska Examiner . Retrieved December 6, 2022.
36. "Sen. Dianne Feinstein, an 'icon for women in politics,' dies at 90, source confirms". ABC 7 News. September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
37. Rubin, April (October 3, 2023). "California Sen. Laphonza Butler sworn in, marking historic first". Axios. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
38. LeBlanc, Paul (November 29, 2022). "Virginia Rep. Donald McEachin dies at age 61". cnn.com. CNN . Retrieved November 29, 2022.
39. "On our radar: Jennifer McClellan will be sworn in to Congress next week". The Washington Post. March 2, 2023.
40. Scola, Nancy (May 31, 2023). "'Every Step of the Way, They Underestimated Us'". Politico.
41. Schott, Bryan. "Rep. Chris Stewart plans to resign from Congress". The Salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved May 30, 2023.
42. Gehrke, Robert; Parrott, Jeff. "BREAKING: Special election to replace Rep. Stewart pushes Utah's 2023 city elections back to Nov. 21". The Salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved June 7, 2023.
43. Betz, Bradford (June 7, 2023). "Utah Rep. Chris Stewart to step down from Congress in September". Fox News . Retrieved June 7, 2023.
44. Shen, Michelle (February 28, 2024). "Tom Suozzi sworn back into Congress, filling vacant Santos seat and narrowing the GOP's slim majority". CNN . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
45. Gutman, David (November 16, 2022). "Patty Murray to be first female Senate president pro tempore, third in line for presidency". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
46. Treene, Alayna; Solender, Andrew (November 16, 2022). "McConnell re-elected as Senate GOP leader". Axios. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
47. LeVine, Marianne. "McConnell breaks Senate record for longest-serving leader". Politico. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
48. Mizelle, Shawna (January 4, 2023). "Hakeem Jeffries to make history as the first Black lawmaker to lead a party in Congress". CNN. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
49. Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (November 8, 2022). "Moylan defeats Won Pat in delegate race". Pacific Daily News . Retrieved November 8, 2022.
50. "Nebraska Gov. Jim Pillen to announce US Senator Ben Sasse's replacement on Thursday". KETV . January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023. The appointment, which will be announced at 9 a.m., will be effective on Thursday.
51. "Nebraska Revised Statute 32-565". nebraskalegislature.gov. Nebraska Legislature . Retrieved November 17, 2022.
52. "Governor Gavin Newsom Appoints Laphonza Butler to Complete Senator Feinstein's Term in the U.S. Senate". gov.ca.gov.
53. Hubler, Shawn (October 19, 2023). "Laphonza Butler Will Not Run for Feinstein's Senate Seat in 2024". The New York Times . Retrieved October 19, 2023.
54. Porter, Jacque (October 4, 2023). "Californians will vote on two U.S. Senate races in 2024". KTXL . Retrieved October 19, 2023.
55. Flynn, Meagan (December 12, 2022). "Youngkin announces special election to fill late Rep. McEachin's seat". The Washington Post . Retrieved December 12, 2022.
56. Wong, Scott; Gregorian, Dareh; Santaliz, Kate; Stewart, Kyle (December 1, 2023). "House votes to expel indicted Rep. George Santos from Congress". NBC News . Retrieved December 1, 2023.
57. Brooks, Emily (December 19, 2023). "Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation". The Hill . Retrieved December 31, 2023.
58. "Ohio Republican to retire from House to lead Youngstown State". thehill.com. November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
59. Skolnick, David (January 2, 2024). "Bill Johnson to resign Jan. 21 from Congress, start as YSU president the next day". Tribune Chronicle . Retrieved January 2, 2024.
60. Joly, Aidan (November 12, 2023). "Brian Higgins announces plans to resign from Congress, set to take top Shea's job". WIVB-TV . Retrieved November 12, 2023.
61. "Date set for NY-26 special election to fill Higgins' seat in Congress". February 12, 2024. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
62. Foran, Clare (March 12, 2024). "GOP Rep. Ken Buck to leave Congress at end of next week". CNN . Retrieved March 12, 2024.
63. Zanona, Melanie (March 22, 2024). "Rep. Mike Gallagher to leave Congress in April, giving GOP an even narrower majority". CNN . Retrieved March 22, 2024.
64. Mueller, Eleanor; Beavers, Olivia (March 22, 2024). "Johnson's margin drops to one vote as Gallagher heads for early exit". Politico . Retrieved March 22, 2024.