![A Senate blue slip from 1917 for U.V. Whipple, a candidate for district judge for the southern district of Georgia, signed by Georgia Senator Thomas Hardwick, who wrote that "I object to this appointment--[Whipple] is personally offensive and objectionable to me, and I can not consent to the confirmation of the nominee." Blue slip Hardwick Whipple US Congress.jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Blue_slip_Hardwick_Whipple_US_Congress.jpg/220px-Blue_slip_Hardwick_Whipple_US_Congress.jpg)
In the Senate, a blue slip is a slip on which the senators from the state of residence of a federal judicial nominee give an opinion on the nominee.
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In the Senate, a blue slip is an opinion written by a senator from the state where a federal judicial nominee resides. Both senators from a nominee's state are sent a blue slip in which they may submit a favorable or unfavorable opinion of a nominee. They may also choose not to return a blue slip. The Senate Judiciary Committee takes blue slips into consideration when deciding whether or not to recommend that the Senate confirm a nominee.
A report issued by the Congressional Research Service in 2003 defines six periods in the use of the blue slip by the Senate: [2]
Since 2003, blue slip policy has changed several more times, as follows:
In October 2017, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell announced that he believed blue slips should not prevent committee action on a nominee. [7] In November 2017, the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Chuck Grassley, announced that the committee would hold hearings for David Stras and Kyle Duncan. Stras's hearing was held up by Senator Al Franken's refusal to return his blue slip, while Duncan's hearing was held up by Senator John Neely Kennedy's indecision on his blue slip. Kennedy, however, consented to Duncan receiving a hearing. [8] [9]
In February 2019, attorney Eric Miller was confirmed to serve on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, despite the fact that neither of his two home-state senators (Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell, both of Washington) had returned blue slips for him. [10] He was the first federal judicial nominee to be confirmed without support from either of his home-state senators, although other nominees were similarly confirmed to the Courts of Appeals without blue slips later in 2019, including Paul Matey (Third Circuit, New Jersey), Joseph F. Bianco and Michael H. Park (both Second Circuit, New York), and Kenneth K. Lee, Daniel P. Collins, and Daniel Bress (all Ninth Circuit, California). By the end of Trump's tenure, 17 judges were appointed despite resistance from at least one senator of that state. In the Biden presidency, the Democrat-led Senate did not return to the blue slip, but only three appellate judges were confirmed with opposition. [11] In the closing months of the 118th Congress, multiple Democrats signaled a willingness to return to the policy before the next Congress convenes with some reluctant concurrence by senior Republicans. [12]
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