List of United States representatives who lost re-election in a primary

Last updated

Elections for the United States House of Representatives are preceded by primary elections. Incumbent representatives often win renomination, although there are some instances of incumbents who lose to a primary challenge. In cases of redistricting, incumbents may run against each other in the same district.

Contents

1962

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
H. Carl Andersen Republican Minnesota 7th 1938 Robert J. Odegard Redistricted to the 6th district ; challenger lost general election
Frank W. Boykin Democratic Alabama 1st 1935 Constituency abolishedFull delegation redistricted to the at-large district ; lost to fellow incumbents
James C. Davis Democratic Georgia 5th 1946 Charles L. Weltner
Edwin B. Dooley Republican New York 26th 1956 Ogden Reid
James B. Frazier Jr. Democratic Tennessee 3rd 1948 Wilkes Thrasher Jr.Challenger lost general election
Peter A. Garland Republican Maine 1st 1960 Stanley R. Tupper Lost to fellow incumbent
Carroll D. Kearns Republican Pennsylvania 24th 1946 James D. Weaver
Harold B. McSween Democratic Louisiana 8th 1958 Gillis William Long
Walter L. McVey Jr. Republican Kansas 3rd 1960 Joe Skubitz Redistricted to the 5th district
Frank Ellis Smith Democratic Mississippi 3rd 1950 Jamie Whitten Redistricted to the 2nd district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Phil Weaver Republican Nebraska 1st 1954 Ralph F. Beermann Lost to fellow incumbent
Herbert Zelenko Democratic New York 21st 1954 William Fitts Ryan Redistricted to the 20th district ; lost to fellow incumbent

1964

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Charles A. Buckley Democratic New York 23rd 1934 Jonathan B. Bingham
Clifford Davis Democratic Tennessee 9th 1940 George W. Grider
Carl Elliott Democratic Alabama 7th 1948 George C. Hawkins Challenger lost general election
James C. Healey Democratic New York 21st 1956 James H. Scheuer
John Lesinski Jr. Democratic Michigan 16th 1950 John Dingell Lost to fellow incumbent
Gillis William Long Democratic Louisiana 8th 1962 Speedy Long
Harold M. Ryan Democratic Michigan 14th 1962 Lucien Nedzi Lost to fellow incumbent
Victor Wickersham Democratic Oklahoma 6th 1960 Jed Johnson Jr.

1966

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Lindley Beckworth Democratic Texas 3rd 1956 Ray Roberts Redistricted to the 4th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Ralph Harvey Republican Indiana 10th 1960 Richard L. Roudebush Lost to fellow incumbent
Joseph W. Martin Jr. Republican Massachusetts 10th 1924 Margaret Heckler
D. R. Matthews Democratic Florida 8th 1952 Don Fuqua Redistricted to the 2nd district ; lost to fellow incumbent
James H. Morrison Democratic Louisiana 6th 1942 John Rarick
Tom J. Murray Democratic Tennessee 7th 1942 Ray Blanton
Howard W. Smith Democratic Virginia 8th 1930 George Rawlings Challenger lost general election
J. Russell Tuten Democratic Georgia 8th 1962 W. S. Stuckey Jr.

1968

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
William Henry Harrison III Republican Wyoming at-large 1966 John S. Wold
Barratt O'Hara Democratic Illinois 2nd 1952 Abner Mikva
Edwin E. Willis Democratic Louisiana 3rd 1948 Patrick T. Caffery

1970

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Jeffery Cohelan Democratic California 7th 1958 Ron Dellums
Glenn Cunningham Republican Nebraska 2nd 1956 John Y. McCollister
George Hyde Fallon Democratic Maryland 4th 1944 Paul Sarbanes
Leonard Farbstein Democratic New York 19th 1956 Bella Abzug
Michael A. Feighan Democratic Ohio 20th 1942 James V. Stanton
Samuel Friedel Democratic Maryland 7th 1952 Parren Mitchell
Jacob H. Gilbert Democratic New York 22nd 1960 James H. Scheuer Lost to fellow incumbent
Philip J. Philbin Democratic Massachusetts 3rd 1942 Robert Drinan Ran as an independent in the general election and lost
Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Democratic New York 18th 1944 Charles Rangel
Byron G. Rogers Democratic Colorado 1st 1950 Craig S. BarnesChallenger lost general election

1972

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Wayne N. Aspinall Democratic Colorado 4th 1948 Alan MersonChallenger lost general election
Walter S. Baring Jr. Democratic Nevada at-large 1956 James Bilbray Challenger lost general election
James A. Byrne Democratic Pennsylvania 3rd 1952 William J. Green III Lost to fellow incumbent
Emanuel Celler Democratic New York 10th 1922 Elizabeth Holtzman Redistricted to the 16th district ; lost general election under new party
William Sheldrick Conover Republican Pennsylvania 27th 1972 James R. MontgomeryRedistricted to the 22nd district ; challenger lost general election
Cornelius Gallagher Democratic New Jersey 13th 1958 Dominick V. Daniels Redistricted to the 14th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
George Elliott Hagan Democratic Georgia 1st 1960 Bo Ginn
James Kee Democratic West Virginia 5th 1964 Ken Hechler Redistricted to the 4th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Jack H. McDonald Republican Michigan 19th 1966 William Broomfield Lost to fellow incumbent
John L. McMillan Democratic South Carolina 6th 1938 John Jenrette Challenger lost general election
George P. Miller Democratic California 8th 1944 Pete Stark
James H. Scheuer Democratic New York 22nd 1964 Jonathan B. Bingham Lost to fellow incumbent
John G. Schmitz Republican California 35th 1970 Andrew J. Hinshaw Redistricted to the 39th district

1974

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Glenn Robert Davis Republican Wisconsin 9th 1964 Bob Kasten
John William Davis Democratic Georgia 7th 1960 Larry McDonald
Orval H. Hansen Republican Idaho 2nd 1968 George V. Hansen
John Rarick Democratic Louisiana 6th 1966 Jeff La CazeChallenger lost general election
Bertram L. Podell Democratic New York 13th 1968 Stephen Solarz
Frank Stubblefield Democratic Kentucky 1st 1958 Carroll Hubbard
Robert Tiernan Democratic Rhode Island 2nd 1967 Edward Beard
Lawrence G. Williams Republican Pennsylvania 7th 1966 Stephen J. McEwen Jr.Challenger lost general election

1976

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		Challenger
Andrew J. Hinshaw Republican California 40th 1972 Robert Badham
Ray Madden Democratic Indiana 1st 1942 Adam Benjamin Jr.
Otto Passman Democratic Louisiana 5th 1946 Jerry Huckaby

1978

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
John B. Breckinridge Democratic Kentucky 6th 1972 Charles T. EasterlyChallenger lost general election
Dale Milford Democratic Texas 24th 1972 Martin Frost
Robert N. C. Nix Sr. Democratic Pennsylvania 2nd 1958 William H. Gray III
Ted Risenhoover Democratic Oklahoma 2nd 1974 Mike Synar
John Andrew Young Democratic Texas 14th 1956 Joseph P. Wyatt Jr.

1980

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
John Hall Buchanan Jr. Republican Alabama 6th 1964 Albert L. Smith Jr.
Robert B. Duncan Democratic Oregon 3rd 1974 Ron Wyden
Richard Kelly Republican Florida 5th 1974 Bill McCollum
Edward J. Stack Democratic Florida 12th 1978 Alan S. Becker Challenger lost general election
Bennett Stewart Democratic Illinois 1st 1978 Harold Washington
Charles H. Wilson Democratic California 31st 1962 Mervyn Dymally

1982

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Ed Derwinski Republican Illinois 4th 1958 George M. O'Brien Lost to fellow incumbent
Billy Lee Evans Democratic Georgia 8th 1976 J. Roy Rowland
David W. Evans Democratic Indiana 6th 1974 Andrew Jacobs Jr. Redistricted to the 11th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
John G. Fary Democratic Illinois 5th 1975 Bill Lipinski
Wayne R. Grisham Republican California 33rd 1978 David Dreier Lost to fellow incumbent
Gary A. Lee Republican New York 33rd 1978 George C. Wortley Redistricted to the 27th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Ronald M. Mottl Democratic Ohio 23rd 1974 Ed Feighan Redistricted to the 19th district
Tom Railsback Republican Illinois 19th 1966 Kenneth G. McMillan Redistricted to the 17th district ; challenger lost general election
Joseph F. Smith Democratic Pennsylvania 3rd 1981 Thomas M. Foglietta Redistricted to the 1st district ; lost to fellow incumbent

1984

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		Challenger
Katie Hall Democratic Indiana 1st 1982 Pete Visclosky
Frank Harrison Democratic Pennsylvania 11th 1982 Paul Kanjorski
Abraham Kazen Democratic Texas 23rd 1966 Albert Bustamante

1986

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Neil Abercrombie Democratic Hawaii 1st 1986 Mufi Hannemann Challenger lost general election
Mark D. Siljander Republican Michigan 4th 1981 Fred Upton
Alton Waldon Democratic New York 6th 1986 Floyd Flake

1988

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		Challenger
Ernie Konnyu Republican California 12th 1986 Tom Campbell

1990

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Buz Lukens Republican Ohio 8th 1986 John Boehner Resigned

1992

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Bill Alexander Democratic Arkansas 1st 1968 Blanche Lincoln
Beryl Anthony Jr. Democratic Arkansas 4th 1978 Bill McCuenChallenger lost general election
Chester G. Atkins Democratic Massachusetts 5th 1984 Marty Meehan
Terry L. Bruce Democratic Illinois 19th 1984 Glenn Poshard
Beverly Byron Democratic Maryland 6th 1978 Thomas HatteryChallenger lost general election
Mickey Edwards Republican Oklahoma 5th 1976 Ernest Istook
Charles Floyd Hatcher Democratic Georgia 2nd 1980 Sanford Bishop
Charles Hayes Democratic Illinois 1st 1983 Bobby Rush
Carroll Hubbard Democratic Kentucky 1st 1974 Thomas Barlow
Ben Jones Democratic Georgia 4th 1988 Don Johnson Jr. Redistricted to the 10th district
Joseph P. Kolter Democratic Pennsylvania 4th 1982 Ron Klink
Robert Lagomarsino Republican California 19th 1974 Michael Huffington Redistricted to the 22nd district
Clarence E. Miller Republican Ohio 10th 1966 Bob McEwen Redistricted to the 6th district ; lost to fellow incumbent; challenger lost general election
Dick Nichols Republican Kansas 5th 1990 Eric Yost Redistricted to the 4th district ; challenger lost general election
Marty Russo Democratic Illinois 3rd 1974 Bill Lipinski Lost to fellow incumbent
Gus Savage Democratic Illinois 2nd 1980 Mel Reynolds
Stephen Solarz Democratic New York 13th 1974 Nydia Velázquez Redistricted to the 12th district
Harley O. Staggers Jr. Democratic West Virginia 2nd 1982 Alan Mollohan Redistricted to the 1st district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Guy Vander Jagt Republican Michigan 9th 1966 Pete Hoekstra Redistricted to the 2nd district

1994

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Lucien Blackwell Democratic Pennsylvania 2nd 1991 Chaka Fattah
David A. Levy Republican New York 4th 1992 Dan Frisa
Mike Synar Democratic Oklahoma 2nd 1978 Virgil CooperChallenger lost general election
Craig Washington Democratic Texas 18th 1989 Sheila Jackson Lee

1996

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		Challenger
Barbara-Rose Collins Democratic Michigan 15th 1990 Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick
Greg Laughlin Republican Texas 14th 1988 Ron Paul

1998

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		Challenger
Jay Kim Republican California 41st 1992 Gary Miller

2000

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Merrill Cook Republican Utah 2nd 1996 Derek SmithChallenger lost general election
Michael Forbes Democratic New York 1st 1994 Regina SeltzerElected as a Republican in 1998; ran as independent in the general election and lost; challenger lost general election
Matthew G. Martínez Democratic California 31st 1982 Hilda Solis Later defected to the Republican Party

2002

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Bob Barr Republican Georgia 7th 1994 John Linder Lost to fellow incumbent
Gary Condit Democratic California 18th 1989 Dennis Cardoza
Earl Hilliard Democratic Alabama 7th 1992 Artur Davis
Brian Kerns Republican Indiana 7th 2000 Steve Buyer Redistricted to the 4th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Frank Mascara Democratic Pennsylvania 20th 1994 John Murtha Redistricted to the 12th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Cynthia McKinney Democratic Georgia 4th 1992 Denise Majette
Lynn Rivers Democratic Michigan 13th 1994 John Dingell Redistricted to the 15th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Tom Sawyer Democratic Ohio 14th 1986 Tim Ryan Redistricted to the 17th district

2004

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Chris Bell Democratic Texas 25th 2002 Al Green Redistricted to the 9th district
Ciro Rodriguez Democratic Texas 28th 1997 Henry Cuellar

2006

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Cynthia McKinney Democratic Georgia 4th 2004 Hank Johnson
Joe Schwarz Republican Michigan 7th 2004 Tim Walberg Lost general election as a write-in

2008

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Chris Cannon Republican Utah 3rd 1996 Jason Chaffetz
David Davis Republican Tennessee 1st 2006 Phil Roe
Wayne Gilchrest Republican Maryland 1st 1990 Andy Harris Challenger lost general election
Albert Wynn Democratic Maryland 4th 1992 Donna Edwards Resigned; challenger elected to finish term

2010

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Parker Griffith Republican Alabama 5th 2008 Mo Brooks Elected as a Democrat and switched parties in 2009
Bob Inglis Republican South Carolina 4th 2004 Trey Gowdy
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick Democratic Michigan 13th 1996 Hansen Clarke
Alan Mollohan Democratic West Virginia 1st 1982 Mike Oliverio Challenger lost general election

2012

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Sandy Adams Republican Florida 24th 2010 John Mica Redistricted to the 7th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Jason Altmire Democratic Pennsylvania 4th 2006 Mark Critz Redistricted to the 12th district ; lost to fellow incumbent; challenger lost general election
Russ Carnahan Democratic Missouri 3rd 2004 Lacy Clay Redistricted to the 1st district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Hansen Clarke Democratic Michigan 13th 2010 Gary Peters Redistricted to the 14th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Tim Holden Democratic Pennsylvania 17th 1992 Matt Cartwright
Dennis Kucinich Democratic Ohio 10th 1996 Marcy Kaptur Redistricted to the 9th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Don Manzullo Republican Illinois 16th 1992 Adam Kinzinger Lost to fellow incumbent
Ben Quayle Republican Arizona 3rd 2010 David Schweikert Redistricted to the 6th district ; lost to fellow incumbent
Silvestre Reyes Democratic Texas 16th 1996 Beto O'Rourke
Steve Rothman Democratic New Jersey 9th 1996 Bill Pascrell Lost to fellow incumbent
Jean Schmidt Republican Ohio 2nd 2005 Brad Wenstrup
Cliff Stearns Republican Florida 6th 1988 Ted Yoho Redistricted to the 3rd district
John Sullivan Republican Oklahoma 1st 2002 Jim Bridenstine

2014

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Kerry Bentivolio Republican Michigan 11th 2012 Dave Trott
Eric Cantor Republican Virginia 7th 2000 Dave Brat Only sitting Majority Leader to have ever lost a primary. Resigned; challenger elected to finish term
Ralph Hall Republican Texas 4th 1980 John Ratcliffe
Vance McAllister Republican Louisiana 5th 2013 Ralph Abraham Lost in blanket primary
John F. Tierney Democratic Massachusetts 6th 1996 Seth Moulton

2016

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotes
Corrine Brown Democratic Florida 5th 1992 Al Lawson
Renee Ellmers Republican North Carolina 2nd 2010 George Holding Lost to fellow incumbent
Chaka Fattah Democratic Pennsylvania 2nd 1994 Dwight Evans Resigned; challenger elected to finish term
Randy Forbes Republican Virginia 4th 2001 Scott Taylor Redistricted to the 2nd district
Tim Huelskamp Republican Kansas 1st 2010 Roger Marshall

2018

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotesRef
Madeleine Bordallo Democratic Guam at-large 2002 Michael San Nicolas [1]
Mike Capuano Democratic Massachusetts 7th 1998 Ayanna Pressley [2]
Joe Crowley Democratic New York 14th 1998 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Lost general election under new party [2]
Robert Pittenger Republican North Carolina 9th 2012 Mark Harris General election voided [3]
Mark Sanford Republican South Carolina 1st 2013 Katie Arrington Challenger lost general election [4]

2020

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotesRef
Lacy Clay Democratic Missouri 1st 2000 Cori Bush [5]
Eliot Engel Democratic New York 16th 1988 Jamaal Bowman [6]
Steve King Republican Iowa 4th 2002 Randy Feenstra [7]
Dan Lipinski Democratic Illinois 3rd 2004 Marie Newman [8]
Denver Riggleman Republican Virginia 5th 2018 Bob Good Lost in party convention [9]
Ross Spano Republican Florida 15th 2018 Scott Franklin [10]
Scott Tipton Republican Colorado 3rd 2010 Lauren Boebert [11]
Steve Watkins Republican Kansas 2nd 2018 Jake LaTurner [12]

2022

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotesRef
Carolyn Bourdeaux Democratic Georgia 7th 2020 Lucy McBath Lost to fellow incumbent [13]
Madison Cawthorn Republican North Carolina 11th 2020 Chuck Edwards [14]
Liz Cheney Republican Wyoming at-large 2016 Harriet Hageman [15]
Rodney Davis Republican Illinois 13th 2012 Mary Miller Redistricted to the 15th district ; lost to fellow incumbent [16]
Jaime Herrera Beutler Republican Washington 3rd 2010 Joe Kent Lost in blanket primary; challenger lost general election [17]
Mondaire Jones Democratic New York 17th 2020 Dan Goldman Redistricted to the 10th district [18]
Andy Levin Democratic Michigan 9th 2018 Haley Stevens Redistricted to the 11th district ; lost to fellow incumbent [19]
Carolyn Maloney Democratic New York 12th 1992 Jerry Nadler Lost to fellow incumbent [20]
David McKinley Republican West Virginia 1st 2010 Alex Mooney Redistricted to the 2nd district ; lost to fellow incumbent [21]
Peter Meijer Republican Michigan 3rd 2020 John Gibbs Challenger lost general election [22]
Marie Newman Democratic Illinois 3rd 2020 Sean Casten Redistricted to the 6th district ; lost to fellow incumbent [23]
Steven Palazzo Republican Mississippi 4th 2010 Mike Ezell [24]
Tom Rice Republican South Carolina 7th 2012 Russell Fry [25]
Kurt Schrader Democratic Oregon 5th 2008 Jamie McLeod-Skinner Challenger lost general election [26]

2024

MemberPartyDistrictFirst
elected		ChallengerNotesRef
Jamaal Bowman Democratic New York 16th 2020 George Latimer [27]
Cori Bush Democratic Missouri 1st 2020 Wesley Bell [28]
Jerry Carl Republican Alabama 1st 2020 Barry Moore Lost to fellow incumbent [29]
Bob Good Republican Virginia 5th 2020 John McGuire [30]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Lou & Josh ahead by slim margin; San Nicolas beats Bordallo". Pacific Island Times . August 25, 2018. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Akin, Stephanie; Bowman, Bridget; Akin, Stephanie; Bowman, Bridget (September 6, 2018). "6 Takeaways From the 2018 Primary Season, So Far" – via RollCall.
  3. ↑ Challenger Mark Harris stuns U.S. Rep. Pittenger of NC in GOP primary upset, Charlotte Observer , Jim Morrill, May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  4. ↑ Voorhees, Josh. "Mark Sanford Survived the "Appalachian Trail." He Couldn't Survive Trump". Slate. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  5. ↑ Fandos, Nicholas (August 5, 2020). "Cori Bush Defeats William Lacy Clay in a Show of Progressive Might". The New York Times.
  6. ↑ Hayes, Christal (July 17, 2020). "Powerful House chair Eliot Engel defeated by progressive newcomer Jamaal Bowman in stunning upset". USAToday.
  7. ↑ Sprunt, Barbara (June 3, 2020). "Iowa Rep. Steve King, Known For Racist Comments, Loses Reelection Bid". NPR.
  8. ↑ Mutnick, Ally (March 18, 2020). "Rep. Dan Lipinski falls in Democratic primary". Politico.
  9. ↑ Mutnick, Ally (June 14, 2020). "Rep. Denver Riggleman ousted in Virginia GOP convention". Politico.
  10. ↑ Irwin Taylor, Janelle (August 18, 2020). "Scott Franklin ousts Ross Spano in CD 15, will take on Alan Cohn in November". Florida Politics.
  11. ↑ Harsha, Keagan (July 6, 2020). "Colorado primary winner Lauren Boebert meets President Trump, distances herself from QAnon". KDVR.
  12. ↑ Panetta, Grace. "Embattled Kansas congressman Steve Watkins is ousted by primary challenger Jake LaTurner". Business Insider.
  13. ↑ Mitchell, Tia (May 24, 2022). "Lucy McBath defeats Carolyn Bourdeaux in Georgia's 7th District primary". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  14. ↑ Sprunt, Barbara (May 17, 2022). "Scandal-plagued Rep. Madison Cawthorn is ousted in North Carolina primary". NPR. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  15. ↑ Bourg, Jim (August 16, 2022). "Rep. Liz Cheney loses her primary in Wyoming to Trump-backed challenger". NBC News . Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  16. ↑ Smith, Allan (June 28, 2022). "Trump-backed Rep. Mary Miller defeats Rep. Rodney Davis in new Illinois district". NBC News . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  17. ↑ La Corte, Rachel (August 9, 2022). "WA GOP House member who voted to impeach Trump concedes". AP News. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Impeachment counsel Daniel Goldman wins Democratic primary in New York, ousting U.S. Rep. Mondaire Jones from Congress". NY1.com. August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  19. ↑ Allen, Jonathan (August 2, 2022). "Rep. Haley Stevens ends Levin political dynasty in brutal Democratic primary". NBC News. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  20. ↑ Shabad, Rebecca (August 23, 2022). "Rep. Jerry Nadler beats Rep. Carolyn Maloney in New York House primary". NBC News . Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  21. ↑ Willingham, Leah (May 11, 2022). "Trump-backed US Rep. Alex Mooney wins W.Va. GOP primary". AP News . Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  22. ↑ Downey, Caroline (August 3, 2022). "Peter Meijer, Who Voted to Impeach Trump, Loses to Trump-Backed John Gibbs in Michigan GOP House Primary". National Review. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  23. ↑ Greenwood, Max (June 29, 2022). "Rep. Casten defeats fellow Democratic Rep. Newman in Illinois primary". The Hill. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  24. ↑ Weissert, Will (June 28, 2022). "Ezell defeats US Rep. Palazzo in Mississippi GOP primary". AP News . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  25. ↑ Hansen, Victoria (June 14, 2022). "South Carolina Rep. Rice is ousted by a Trump-backed challenger". NPR . Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  26. ↑ Panetta, Grace; Epstein, Kayla; Leonard, Kimberly (May 25, 2022). "Progressive Jamie McLeod-Skinner ousts moderate Rep. Kurt Schrader in Oregon". Business Insider . Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  27. ↑ Gans, Jared (June 25, 2024). "Bowman loses New York primary in blow to progressives". The Hill . Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  28. ↑ Hancock, Jason (August 7, 2024). "Wesley Bell defeats Cori Bush in Democratic primary for St. Louis seat in Congress • Missouri Independent". Missouri Independent. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  29. ↑ Wong, Scott (March 6, 2024). "Alabama Republican becomes the first House incumbent to lose a 2024 primary". NBC News . Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  30. ↑ Schmidt, Markus (June 24, 2024). "Trump-endorsed McGuire narrowly defeats Good in 5th District GOP primary". Cardinal News. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
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