Sheila Jackson Lee

Last updated

Elwyn Lee
​
(m. 1973)​
[1]
Sheila Jackson Lee
Sheila Jackson Lee 116th Congress.jpg
Member of the U.S.HouseofRepresentatives
from Texas's 18th district
Assumed office
January 3, 1995
Children2
Education Yale University (BA)
University of Virginia (JD)
Website House website
Sheila Jackson Lee's voice
Sheila Jackson Lee speaks in support of the Equal Rights Amendment
Recorded April 27, 2023

Sheila Jackson Lee (born January 12, 1950) is an American lawyer and politician who is the U.S. representative for Texas's 18th congressional district , having served since 1995. The district includes most of central Houston. She is a member of the Democratic Party and served as an at-large member of the Houston City Council before being elected to the House. She is also co-dean of Texas's congressional delegation.

Contents

Born in Queens, New York, Jackson Lee graduated from Yale University in 1972 and the University of Virginia School of Law in 1975. In 1987, after she had moved to Houston, she was appointed as a municipal judge for the city by Kathy Whitmire. In 1989, Jackson Lee was elected to the Houston City Council. She served in the office until 1994 when she began a campaign for Congress. In the Democratic primary, she defeated incumbent Craig Washington and went on to easily win the general election. Since 1995, she has retained her position as the U.S. Representative from Texas's 18th congressional district.

During her congressional tenure, Jackson Lee has been a supporter of many progressive policies. [2] She introduced the Essential Transportation Worker Identification Credential Assessment Act in 2013 and the Sabika Sheikh Firearm Licensing and Registration Act in 2021. In 2019, Jackson Lee stepped down as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation and a subcommittee in the House Judiciary after a lawsuit filed by a former staffer claimed she was fired due to planned legal action against an alleged rape by a supervisor.

Jackson Lee announced her candidacy for the 2023 Houston mayoral election in March of that year. In the first round, she placed second behind state senator John Whitmire. However, as no candidate crossed the 50% threshold to win outright, a runoff election occurred on December 9, 2023. Despite several key endorsements, Jackson Lee lost the election in a landslide to Whitmire. On December 11, she filed to run for re-election to her congressional seat, and would successfully win the Democratic primary on March 5, 2024.

Early life and career in Texas

External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Congresswoman Jackson Lee "Kneeling in Defense of 1st Amendment", speech in the House of Representatives, September 25, 2017

Jackson Lee was born Sheila Jackson in Queens, New York. Her father, Ezra Clyde Jackson, who was born in Brooklyn, was a comic book artist and the son of Jamaican immigrants. [3] Her mother, Ivalita Bennett Jackson, was a nurse, and came to New York at an early age from her birthplace of St. Petersburg, Florida. [4]

Jackson Lee graduated from Jamaica High School in Queens. She earned a BA in political science from Yale University in 1972 and a JD from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1975. [5]

Jackson Lee moved to Houston when her husband, Elwyn Lee, accepted a position at the University of Houston. She made three unsuccessful attempts at local judgeships before becoming a Houston, Texas municipal judge from 1987 to 1990. [6] Along with Sylvia Garcia, Jackson Lee was appointed by then Mayor of Houston Kathy Whitmire.

In 1989, Jackson Lee won the at-large position for a seat on the Houston City Council, serving until 1994. [6] On the city council, she helped pass a safety ordinance that required parents to keep their guns away from children. [7] She also worked for expanded summer hours at city parks and recreation centers as a way to combat gang violence. [8]

U.S. House of Representatives

1994 run for office

In 1994, Jackson Lee challenged four-term incumbent U.S. Representative Craig Washington in the Democratic primary. [6] Washington had come under fire for opposing several projects that would have benefited the Houston area. [9] Jackson Lee defeated Washington, 63% to 37%. [10] The victory was tantamount to election in this heavily Democratic, black-majority district. In the general election, she defeated Republican nominee Jerry Burley, 73%–24%. [11]

Tenure

Jackson Lee watches as Paul Ryan signs the First Step Act of 2018 Speaker Paul Ryan Signs the First Step Act of 2018.jpg
Jackson Lee watches as Paul Ryan signs the First Step Act of 2018

Before the 110th Congress, Jackson Lee served on the House Science Committee and on the Subcommittee that oversees space policy and NASA. [12] She is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus [13] [14] and a CBC whip. [9]

On September 27, 2013, Jackson Lee introduced the Essential Transportation Worker Identification Credential Assessment Act (H.R. 3202; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the United States Department of Homeland Security to assess the effectiveness of the Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) program. [15] The bill would require an independent assessment of how well the TWIC program improves security and reduces risks at the facilities and vessels it is responsible for. [16]

In January 2019, The New York Times reported that Jackson Lee planned to resign as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation. The move came in the wake of a lawsuit filed by a former staffer earlier in January that claimed the staffer was fired in retaliation for her planned legal action related to an alleged rape by a supervisor in 2015. The resignation came the day after the National Alliance to End Sexual Violence announced it would not support making Jackson Lee the lead sponsor of a law to reauthorize the federal Violence Against Women Act. [17] She also stepped down from her chairmanship of the House Judiciary subcommittee. [18]

On January 4, 2021, Jackson Lee introduced the Sabika Sheikh Firearm Licensing and Registration Act (H.R. 127; 117th Congress), a bill that expanded requirements for firearm licensing to every firearm and banned any ammunition of .50 caliber BMG or larger. [19]

In the 117th Congress (2021–2023), Jackson Lee voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100 percent of the time, according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis. [20] Jackson Lee and Representative Lloyd Doggett became co-deans of Texas's congressional delegation in January 2023 after the retirement of Eddie Bernice Johnson.

Staffing issues

In 1998, The Houston Press reported that five of Jackson Lee's staffers had quit that spring. The paper quoted Lee's former Capitol office executive assistant and events scheduler, Rhiannon Burruss, as saying that "the congresswoman's abrasive ways not only drove off staff members but irritated Continental Airlines staffers to the point where one suggested she fly on a competitor instead." [21] [22]

In 2011, Jackson Lee was reported to have one of the highest staff turnover rates in Congress. The Huffington Post and the Houston Chronicle reported that she had gone through 11 chiefs of staff in the course of 11 years. [23] [24] A 2013 report concluded that "the veteran Texas Democrat had the highest turnover rate for all of Congress over the [previous] decade." [25] Washingtonian magazine named Jackson Lee as the "meanest Democratic Congress member" in both 2014 and 2017. [26] In 2018, LegiStorm reported that Jackson Lee's annual turnover rate, at 62%, was the highest in Congress. [27]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Jackson Lee is or has been a member of a number of caucuses, including:

2023 Houston mayoral run

On March 27, 2023, Jackson Lee announced her candidacy for the mayor of Houston in the 2023 election. [36] Jackson Lee garnered endorsements from notable political figures such as outgoing Houston mayor Sylvester Turner, former House speaker Nancy Pelosi, and former presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. [37] On November 7, 2023, Jackson Lee came in second place in the election, behind Democratic state senator John Whitmire. However, none of the 18 candidates who ran managed to surpass the required 50 percent threshold.

Jackson Lee and Whitmire advanced to a runoff election on December 9, 2023. Jackson Lee was ultimately defeated by Whitmire, who won over 60 percent of the vote. [38] [39] Following her loss, Jackson Lee filed for re-election to her U.S. House seat on December 11, 2023. [40] [41]

Political views and statements

Foreign policy

In 2000, Jackson Lee favored permanently normalizing trade status for China, arguing that it would aid both human rights and Houston's economy. [42]

Jackson Lee traveled to the 2001 World Conference against Racism in South Africa, and has backed sanctions against Sudan. [43] On April 28, 2006, along with four other members of Congress and six other activists, she was arrested for disorderly conduct in front of Sudan's embassy in Washington. They were protesting the role of Sudan's government in ethnic cleansing in Darfur. [44]

Jackson Lee has urged better relations between the U.S. and Venezuela, which she describes as a friendly nation. She said the U.S. should reconsider its ban on selling F-16 fighter jets and spare parts to Venezuela. The U.S. State Department bans such sales due to "lack of support" for counter-terrorist operations and Venezuela's relations with Iran and Cuba. [45] [46]

In May 2015, Jackson Lee took a trip to Azerbaijan paid for by the Azerbaijani government. [47] [48]

Jackson Lee condemned President Erdoğan's wide-ranging crackdown on dissent following a failed July 2016 coup in Turkey. [49]

Domestic policy

Jackson Lee is active on immigration issues. [50] She has proposed increasing border security and increasing opportunities for legalization among those living in the U.S. She has opposed a guest worker program, saying that the idea "connotate[s] 'invite, come,' and, at the same time, it misleads because you ask people to come for a temporary job of three to six years and they have to leave if they don't have another job and I would think that they would not." [51]

In January 2011, Jackson Lee said that repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act would violate the Constitution, arguing that the act is constitutional under the Commerce Clause, and that repealing it would violate both the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments. [52] [53] [54]

At a March 2011 Homeland Security Committee hearing on radical Muslims in the U.S., Jackson Lee said that Peter King's hearings were helping al-Qaeda and "going the same route as Arizona." She complained that the hearings were scaring Muslim Americans and called them "an outrage". [55]

LGBT rights

Jackson Lee voted present on the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act. [56] In 2009, she voted for the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, a bill that expanded the federal hate crime law to cover crimes biased by the victim's sexual orientation or gender identity. [57] In 2010, she voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act that allowed gay, lesbian, and bisexual people to serve openly in the U.S. military. [58]

In 2019, Jackson Lee voted for the Equality Act, which expanded the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. [59] Jackson Lee criticized Republican representatives who opposed the legislation on religious grounds. [60]

Racial issues

In 2003, Jackson Lee suggested changing the naming practices for tropical cyclones and hurricanes, saying that "all racial groups should be represented" and that meteorological organizations should "try to be inclusive of African American names." [61] [62]

Speaking at the July 2010 NAACP national convention, Jackson Lee compared the Tea Party movement to the Ku Klux Klan, saying that "all those who wore sheets a long time ago have now lifted them off". Jackson Lee's remarks were criticized by conservatives, including Tea Party Caucus founder Michele Bachmann (R-MN). [63] [64]

Presidential election objections

In 2001, Jackson Lee and other House members objected to counting Florida's electoral votes, which George W. Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount in the 2000 presidential election. Because no senator joined the objection, it was dismissed by Senate President Al Gore. [65]

In 2005, Jackson Lee was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted not to count Ohio's electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election. [66] [67] Without Ohio's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

During the 2017 United States Electoral College vote count, Jackson Lee objected to counting North Carolina's, South Carolina's and Wyoming's electoral votes in the 2016 presidential election. [68] Because no senator joined her objections, they were dismissed. [69]

Gaffes

According to The Daily Beast, Jackson Lee has a "history of wild statements" and political gaffes. [70] These include incorrectly stating that the U.S. Constitution was 400 years old; [71] displaying a false version of the Confederate battle flag during a Congressional debate; [72] mistakenly criticizing Wikipedia instead of WikiLeaks; [73] incorrectly calling the Moon a "planet" that is made "mostly of gases"; [74] [75] and saying that North Vietnam and South Vietnam were still separate countries. [76] [77]

The Hill reported that during a 1997 visit to the Mars Pathfinder operations center, Jackson Lee asked whether the Pathfinder rover had taken a picture of the U.S. flag planted by Neil Armstrong; the flag had been planted on the Moon, not Mars. Jackson Lee was at the time a member of the Aeronautics and Space Subcommittee of the House Science Committee. [78] [79] In response, Jackson Lee’s deputy chief of staff accused the newspaper of racial bias without disputing the story's accuracy. The Hill denied the allegations and stood by its reporting. [79] [80]

In July 2014, Jackson Lee said that "we did not seek an impeachment" of President George W. Bush. Jackson Lee was one of 11 co-sponsors of the 2008 U.S. House bill H. Res. 1258, which sought to impeach Bush for "deceiving Congress with fabricated threats of Iraq WMDs". Jackson Lee's spokesperson later said that she "misspoke". [81] [82]

A campaign advertisement for Jackson Lee in the 2023 Houston mayoral election instructed viewers to vote on the wrong date. Jackson Lee's spokesperson attributed the error to an external advertising agency. [83]

Personal life

In 1973, Jackson Lee married Elwyn Lee, who has served as a law professor and vice president of student affairs at the University of Houston. The couple has two children. [5] [12]

Jackson Lee is a Seventh-day Adventist. [84] She is a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority [85] as well as The Links organization. [86]

Awards and recognition

Electoral history

Texas's 18th congressional district, 1994 [88]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee 84,790 73.5
Republican Jerry Burley28,15324.4
Independent J. Larry Snellings1,2781.1
Libertarian George Hollenbeck1,1691.0
Total votes115,390 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 1996 [89]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 106,111 77.1
Republican Larry White13,95610.1
Republican Jerry Burley7,8775.7
Republican George Young5,3323.9
Democratic Mike Lamson4,4123.2
Total votes137,688 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 1998 [89]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 82,091 89.9
Libertarian James Galvan9,17610.1
Total votes91,267 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2000 [90]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 131,857 76.5
Republican James Galvan38,19122.2
Libertarian Colin Nankervis2,3301.4
Total votes172,378 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2002 [91]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 99,161 76.9
Republican Phillip Abbott27,98021.7
Libertarian Brent Sullivan1,7851.4
Total votes128,926 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2004 [92]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 136,018 88.9
Independent Tom Bazan9,7876.4
Libertarian Brent Sullivan7,1834.7
Total votes152,988 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2006 [93]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 65,936 76.6
Republican Ahmad Hassan16,44819.1
Libertarian Patrick Warren3,6674.3
Total votes86,051 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2008 [94]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 148,617 77.3
Republican John Faulk39,09520.3
Libertarian Mike Taylor4,4862.3
Total votes192,198 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2010 [95]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 85,108 70.2
Republican John Faulk33,06727.3
Libertarian Mike Taylor3,1182.6
Write-in Charles Meyer280.0
Total votes121,321 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2012 [88]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 146,223 75.0
Republican Sean Seilbert44,01522.6
Libertarian Christopher Barber4,6942.4
Total votes194,932 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2014 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 76,097 71.8
Republican Sean Seibert26,24924.8
Independent Vince Duncan2,3622.2
Green Remington Alessi1,3021.2
Total votes106,010 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2016 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 150,157 73.5
Republican Sean Seibert48,30623.6
Green Remington Alessi5,8452.9
Total votes204,308 100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic Primary for Texas's 18th congressional district, 2018 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 34,514 86.0
Democratic Vince Duncan5,60414.0
Total votes40,118 100.0
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2018 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 138,704 75.2
Republican Ava Pate38,36820.8
Libertarian Luke Spencer4,0672.2
Independent Vince Duncan3,1931.7
Total votes184,332 100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic Primary for Texas's 18th congressional district, 2020 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 49,729 77.1
Democratic Marc Flores5,3538.3
Democratic Bimal Patel2,4563.8
Democratic Jerry Ford Sr.2,4173.7
Democratic Stevens Orozco2,1803.4
Democratic Michael Allen1,6722.6
Democratic Donovan Boson7091.1
Total votes64,516 100.0
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2020 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 180,952 73.3
Republican Wendell Champion58,03323.5
Libertarian Luke Spencer4,5141.8
Independent Vince Duncan3,3961.2
Total votes246,895 100.0
Democratic hold
Texas's 18th congressional district, 2022 [96]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sheila Jackson Lee (Incumbent) 110,511 70.7
Republican Carmen Maria Montiel40,94126.2
Independent Vince Duncan2,7661.8
Libertarian Phil Kurtz20,0501.3
Total votes156,268 100.0
Democratic hold
Houston Mayoral General Election, 2023 [97]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Nonpartisan John Whitmire 107,410 42.5
Nonpartisan Sheila Jackson Lee 90,093 35.6
Nonpartisan Gilbert Garcia18,2207.2
Nonpartisan Jack Christie17,3646.9
Nonpartisan Lee Kaplan6,6452.6
Nonpartisan Robert Gallegos2,6791.1
Nonpartisan M.J. Khan2,4781.0
Nonpartisan Annie Garcia1,9790.8
Nonpartisan Julian Martinez1,8130.7
Nonpartisan Roy Vasquez1,0830.4
Nonpartisan M. Griffin6740.3
Nonpartisan Kathy Lee Tatum5320.2
Nonpartisan David Lowy3680.1
Nonpartisan Chanel Mbala3560.1
Nonpartisan Naoufal Houjami3520.1
Nonpartisan Gaylon Caldwell3310.1
Nonpartisan B. Ivy2870.1
Nonpartisan Robin Williams950.0
Total votes252,759 100.0
Houston Mayoral Runoff Election, 2023 [98]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Nonpartisan John Whitmire 129,495 64.4
Nonpartisan Sheila Jackson Lee71,52335.6
Total votes201,018 100.0

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 116th Congress (2019–2020), July 2020. [Page 263]". GovInfo . July 22, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  2. ↑ Reimann, Nicholas (March 27, 2023). "Progressive Firebrand Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee Running For Houston Mayor" . Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  3. ↑ Quattro, Ken (2020). Invisible Men: The Trailblazing Black Artists of Comic Books. IDW Publishing. pp. 174–179. ISBN   9781684055869 . Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  4. ↑ Turner, Allan (May 14, 2010). "Jackson Lee mother remembered as 'Renaissance woman'". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  5. 1 2 "Sheila Jackson Lee: Biography". House.gov. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 FELDMAN, CLAUDIA (February 19, 1995). "SHEILA JACKSON LEE GOES TO WASHINGTON". Houston Chronicle. p. 6.
  7. ↑ ROBINSON, JAMES (April 23, 1992). "Council moves to keep guns away from kids". Houston Chronicle. p. 1.
  8. ↑ "FOR CONGRESS, DIST. 18/Recommending nomination of Sheila Jackson Lee". Houston Chronicle. February 13, 1994. p. 2.
  9. 1 2 Tim Fleck (February 20, 1997). "What's Driving Miss Shelia?". Houston Press. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011.
  10. ↑ "TX District 18 – D Primary Race – Mar 08, 1994". Our Campaigns. n.d. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  11. ↑ "TX District 18 Race – Nov 08, 1994". Our Campaigns. n.d. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  12. 1 2 "Sheila Jackson Lee: 1950–" (PDF). Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. n.d. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  14. ↑ Wright, James (September 23, 1995). "Who's Who in the Congressional Black Caucus". Afro – American Red Star. Vol. 104, no. 6. Washington, D.C. p. B1.
  15. ↑ "CBO – H.R. 3202". Congressional Budget Office. July 10, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Bill introduced to assess TWIC card". WorkBoat.com. October 8, 2013. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  17. ↑ Chamberlain, Samuel (January 23, 2019). "Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee to step down as Congressional Black Caucus Foundation chairwoman in wake of ex-staffer's lawsuit: report". Fox News Channel. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  18. ↑ Fandos, Nicholas (January 23, 2019). "Sheila Jackson Lee Leaves 2 Posts After Aide Says She Was Fired for Reporting Sexual Assault". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  19. ↑ Jackson Lee, Sheila (January 4, 2021). "Text – H.R.127 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Sabika Sheikh Firearm Licensing and Registration Act". www.congress.gov. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  20. ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron; Wiederkehr, Anna (April 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  21. ↑ Fleck, Tim (May 14, 1998). "Flying Miss Sheila". Houston Press. Archived from the original on January 6, 2000. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
  22. ↑ Dealey, Sam (February 11, 2002). "Sheila Jackson Lee, Limousine Liberal". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Sheila Jackson Lee, Worst Boss in Congress? Goes Through 11 Chiefs Of Staff in 11 Years". HuffPost . June 20, 2011.
  24. ↑ Molly Harbarger (June 20, 2011). "Cuellar sees heavy turnover in Washington staff". San Antonio Express-News .
  25. ↑ Luke Rosiak (January 22, 2013). "Who are the best and worst bosses on Capitol Hill?". The Washington Times .
  26. ↑ John-Henry Perera (December 26, 2017). "Jackson Lee again named 'meanest' Congress member". Houston Chronicle .
  27. ↑ Nolan D. McCaskill (March 21, 2018). "The 'Worst Bosses' in Congress?". Politico .
  28. ↑ "Members of the Veterinary Medicine Caucus". Veterinary Medicine Caucus. n.d. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. n.d. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  30. ↑ "Members". House Baltic Caucus. n.d. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. n.d. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. n.d. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Members". Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus. n.d. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  34. ↑ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. n.d. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  35. ↑ "Members". U.S. – Japan Caucus. n.d. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  36. ↑ Svitek, Patrick (March 27, 2023). "U.S. Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee is running for Houston mayor". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Democrat John Whitmire wins Houston mayoral race". NBC News. December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  38. ↑ Zhang, Andrew (December 9, 2023). "Sheila Jackson Lee loses Houston mayor's race to tough-on-crime state senator". POLITICO. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  39. ↑ Juan Lozano (December 10, 2023). "Democrat John Whittier elected Houston Mayor, defeating Congresswoman Jackson-Lee". Houston Chronicle .
  40. ↑ Svitek, Patrick (December 11, 2023). "Sheila Jackson Lee files for reelection for U.S. House seat after losing in mayoral race". Texas Tribune. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  41. ↑ Gans, Jared (December 11, 2023). "Sheila Jackson Lee files for reelection after losing Houston mayor race". The Hill. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  42. ↑ "Small firms to get help in exporting". Houston Chronicle. October 7, 2000. p. 2.
  43. ↑ LEVINE, SAMANTHA (April 30, 2006). "DELEGATION WATCH / Jackson Lee backs her vow on Darfur / Calls her arrest a statement on the war and genocide". Houston Chronicle. p. 10.
  44. ↑ Jim Doyle, Five members of Congress arrested over Sudan protest, San Francisco Chronicle, April 28, 2006. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  45. ↑ "Jackson Lee wants ban on fighter jets reconsidered". Archived from the original on February 25, 2007. Retrieved February 22, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). Houston Chronicle . February 21, 2007
  46. ↑ "Jackson Lee tries to smooth Chavez ties / Her Venezuela trip, she says, was an attempt to protect jobs here Archived 2009-07-12 at the Wayback Machine ." Houston Chronicle .
  47. ↑ Higham, Scott; Rich, Steven; Crites, Alice (May 13, 2015). "10 members of Congress took trip secretly funded by foreign government". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
  48. ↑ Bresnahan, John (May 13, 2015). "Azerbaijani oil company secretly funded 2013 lawmaker trip". Politico. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Helsinki Commission Urges Turkish President to Lift State of Emergency". csce.gov. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. October 17, 2017.
  50. ↑ Bill Swindell, "Texas Democrat gets praise for immigration efforts", Government Executive, November 27, 2006.
  51. ↑ Sheila Jackson Lee, "Illegal Immigration's Impact on the U.S. Economy", NPR, August 26, 2005.
  52. ↑ Phil Klein (January 18, 2011). "Sheila Jackson Lee Says Repealing ObamaCare Violates Constitution". American Spectator. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012.
  53. ↑ "Sheila Jackson Lee, D, Says Repealing Obamacare Is Unconstitutional". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
  54. ↑ Mark Hemingway (January 19, 2011). "Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Texas: Health care repeal violates the Fifth Amendment or something". San Francisco Examiner .
  55. ↑ Oliphant, James (March 11, 2011). "Muslim 'radicalization' hearing a success, say Rep. Peter King, Republicans". Los Angeles Times.
  56. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 316". clerk.house.gov. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  57. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 223".
  58. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 317".
  59. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 217".
  60. ↑ "House Debate on the Equality Act". C-SPAN . May 17, 2019.
  61. ↑ Keim, Brandon (August 26, 2009). "What's in a Hurricane Name?". Wired . Archived from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  62. ↑ Berger, Eric (April 6, 2006). "Has Sheila Jackson Lee gotten her way?". Houston Chronicle . Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  63. ↑ Good, Chris (July 16, 2010). "Sheila Jackson Lee on the Tea Party and the Klan". The Atlantic . Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  64. ↑ Geman, Ben (July 17, 2010). "Rep. Bachmann slams Rep. Jackson Lee over claims of racism in the Tea Party". The Hill . Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  65. ↑ "Objections Aside, a Smiling Gore Certifies Bush". Los Angeles Times . January 7, 2001.
  66. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 7: On Agreeing to the Objection". U.S. House of Representatives. January 6, 2005. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  67. ↑ Salvato, Albert (December 29, 2004). "Ohio Recount Gives a Smaller Margin to Bush". The New York Times.
  68. ↑ "2016 Presidential Election Results – The New York Times". The New York Times. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  69. ↑ "11 times VP Biden was interrupted during Trump's electoral vote certification | CNN Politics". CNN . January 6, 2017.
  70. ↑ Jacobs, Ben (March 13, 2014). "The Constitution Is 400 Years Old and More Pearls From Sheila Jackson Lee". The Daily Beast . Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  71. ↑ Perera, John-Henry (March 12, 2014). "Sheila Jackson Lee says Constitution is 400 years old". Houston Chronicle . Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  72. ↑ Hensch, Mark (July 9, 2015). "House Dems display incorrect Confederate flag". The Hill . Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  73. ↑ Giaritelli, Anna (October 22, 2016). "Rep. Sheila Jackson confuses Wikipedia with Wikileaks". Washington Examiner . Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  74. ↑ Briggs, Shakari (April 9, 2024). "U.S. Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee responds to backlash after saying moon is mostly made up of gases". Houston Chronicle . Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  75. ↑ Ibrahim, Nur (April 10, 2024). "US Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee Said Moon Is Planet and Made Up of 'Gases'?". Snopes . Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  76. ↑ Condon, Stephanie (July 16, 2010). "Sheila Jackson Lee Catches Flack for Citing 'Two Vietnams'". CBS News . Archived from the original on July 18, 2010.
  77. ↑ O'Rourke, Ciara (July 21, 2010). "Sheila Jackson Lee says there are two Vietnams: North and South". PolitiFact . Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  78. ↑ Javers, Eamon (September 10, 1997). "JACKSON-LEE'S PLANETARY GAFFE". The Hill .
  79. 1 2 Smith, Evan (November 1997). "Mooned". Texas Monthly . Archived from the original on April 10, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  80. ↑ "JACKSON LEE ARTICLE SMACKS OF RACIAL OVERTONES, SAYS AIDE". The Hill . September 24, 1997.
  81. ↑ Miller, Katherine (July 30, 2014). "We Never Tried To Impeach Bush, Says Democratic Lawmaker Who Co-Sponsored Bush Impeachment Bill". BuzzFeed News . Archived from the original on June 19, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  82. ↑ Jacobson, Louis (July 31, 2014). "Jackson Lee says 'we did not seek an impeachment of President Bush' but she co-sponsored '08 bill". PolitiFact . Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  83. ↑ Murney, Michael (December 4, 2023). "Sheila Jackson Lee tells Houston voters to go to polls – on the wrong day". Houston Chronicle . Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  84. ↑ Dietrich, Pam (January 31, 2019). "Adventist congresswoman steps down from key posts — and more news shorts". Spectrum. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  85. ↑ Magagnini, Stephen (January 1, 2008). "Pride and comfort; National black sorority 'gathers for the specific purpose of being selfless'". Beaumont Enterprise. Beaumont, Tex. p. B.1.
  86. ↑ Graham, Lawrence Otis (2014). Our kind of people. [Place of publication not identified]: HarperCollins e-Books. ISBN   978-0-06-187081-1. OCLC   877899803.
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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the  U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 18th congressional district
1995–present		Incumbent
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