111th United States Congress

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111th United States Congress
110th  ←
→  112th
Capitol - panoramio.jpg
United States Capitol (2009)
January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011
Members100 senators
435 representatives
6 non-voting delegates
Senate majority Democratic
Senate President Dick Cheney (R) [a]
(until January 20, 2009)
Joe Biden (D)
(from January 20, 2009)
House majority Democratic
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D)
Sessions
1st: January 6, 2009 – December 24, 2009
2nd: January 5, 2010 – December 22, 2010
House of Representatives member pin for the 111th U.S. Congress 111th Congress House Member Pin.png
House of Representatives member pin for the 111th U.S. Congress
Inauguration of Barack Obama at the U.S. Capitol, January 20, 2009. President Obama Swearing In Ceremony.jpg
Inauguration of Barack Obama at the U.S. Capitol, January 20, 2009.
President Obama signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 into law, January 29, 2009. Barack Obama signs Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 1-29-09.jpg
President Obama signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 into law, January 29, 2009.
Sonia Sotomayor testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, July 13, 2009. Sonia Sotomayor on first day of confirmation hearings.jpg
Sonia Sotomayor testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, July 13, 2009.
President Obama addressing Congress regarding health care reform, September 9, 2009. Joint blog close PS-0774.jpg
President Obama addressing Congress regarding health care reform, September 9, 2009.
Tea Party protests in front of the U.S. Capitol, September 12, 2009. 9.12 tea party in DC.jpg
Tea Party protests in front of the U.S. Capitol, September 12, 2009.
President Obama delivering the 2010 State of the Union Address, January 25, 2010. 2010 State of the Union.jpg
President Obama delivering the 2010 State of the Union Address, January 25, 2010.
President Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, March 23, 2010. Obama signing health care-20100323.jpg
President Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, March 23, 2010.
Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy swearing in Elena Kagan during her first day of testimony on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, June 28, 2010 Kagan is sworn before Senate Judiciary Committee.jpg
Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy swearing in Elena Kagan during her first day of testimony on her appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, June 28, 2010
Congressional leaders meeting with President Obama, November 30, 2010. Eric Cantor and Barack Obama shake hands.jpg
Congressional leaders meeting with President Obama, November 30, 2010.
President Obama signing the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 into law, January 2, 2011. Obama signs Zadroga Act.jpg
President Obama signing the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 into law, January 2, 2011.

The 111th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011. It began during the last weeks of the George W. Bush administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

In the November 2008 elections, the Democratic Party increased its majorities in both chambers (including – when factoring in the two Democratic caucusing independents – a brief filibuster-proof 60-40 supermajority in the Senate), and with Barack Obama being sworn in as president on January 20, 2009, this gave Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993.

However, the Senate supermajority only lasted for a period of 72 working days while the Senate was actually in session. A new delegate seat was created for the Northern Mariana Islands. [4] The 111th Congress had the most long-serving members in history: at the start of the 111th Congress, the average member of the House had served 10.3 years, while the average Senator had served 13.4 years. [5] The Democratic Party would not simultaneously control both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate again until more than a decade later, during the 117th Congress.

The 111th Congress was the most productive congress since the 89th Congress. [6] It enacted numerous significant pieces of legislation, including the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the New START treaty.

Major events

Major legislation

Enacted

Health care reform

At the encouragement of the Obama administration, Congress devoted significant time considering health care reform. In March 2010, Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, the first comprehensive health care reform legislation in decades, along with further amendments in the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. Other major reform proposals during the health care debate included:

Proposed

Proposed bills include (in alphabetical order): [b]

Vetoed

Treaties ratified

Major nomination hearings

Impeachments

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate

The United States Senate (in 2010) 111th US Senate class photo.jpg
The United States Senate (in 2010)
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Democratic Independent
(caucusing with
Democrats)		 Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 48249991
Begin55241982
January 15, 200956991
January 20, 200955982
January 26, 200956991
April 30, 20095740
July 7, 2009581000
August 25, 200957991
September 9, 200939982
September 10, 200940991
September 25, 2009581000
February 4, 20105741
June 28, 201056991
July 16, 2010571000
November 29, 20105642
Final voting share58%42%
Beginning of the next Congress 512471000

House of Representatives

Final House Membership 255 Democrats 179 Republicans 1 Vacant 111thUSHouse.svg
Final House Membership
     255 Democrats
     179 Republicans

     1 Vacant
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 2351984332
Begin2561784341
January 26, 20092554332
February 24, 20092544323
March 31, 20092554332
April 7, 20092564341
June 26, 20092554332
July 14, 20092564341
September 21, 20091774332
November 3, 20092584350
December 22, 2009257178
January 3, 20102564341
February 8, 20102554332
February 28, 20102544323
March 8, 20102534314
March 21, 20101774305
April 13, 20102544314
May 18, 20102554323
May 21, 20101764314
May 22, 20101774323
June 8, 20101784332
November 2, 20101804350
November 29, 20101794341
Final voting share58.8%41.2%
Non-voting members6060
Beginning of next Congress 1932424350

Leadership

Section contents: Senate: Majority (D), Minority (R) • House: Majority (D), Minority (R)

Senate

Senate President
46 Dick Cheney 3x4.jpg
Dick Cheney (R)
(until January 20, 2009)
Joe Biden, official photo portrait, 111th Congress.jpg
Joe Biden (D)
(from January 20, 2009)
Senate President pro tempore
Robert Byrd official portrait.jpg
Robert Byrd (D)
(until June 28, 2010)
Daniel Inouye, official Senate photo portrait, 2008.jpg
Daniel Inouye (D)
(from June 28, 2010)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Speaker of the House
Nancy Pelosi Official Painting.jpg
Nancy Pelosi (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2010; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2014.

House of Representatives

Changes in membership

Senate

Funeral service for Senator Robert Byrd, who died June 28, 2010. He was the longest-serving senator and the longest-serving member in the history of Congress. Senator Byrd funeral service.jpg
Funeral service for Senator Robert Byrd, who died June 28, 2010. He was the longest-serving senator and the longest-serving member in the history of Congress.

Four of the changes are associated with the 2008 presidential election and appointments to the Obama Administration, one senator changed parties, one election was disputed, two senators died, one senator resigned, and three appointed senators served only until special elections were held during this Congress.

Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [d]
Minnesota
(2)		DisputedIncumbent Norm Coleman (R) challenged the election of Al Franken (D). The results were disputed, and the seat remained vacant at the beginning of the Congress.
Following recounts and litigation, successor elected June 30, 2009.		 Al Franken
(DFL)		July 7, 2009 [39]
Illinois
(3)		Vacant Barack Obama (D) resigned near the end of the previous Congress, after being elected President of the United States. [40]
Successor appointed December 31, 2008, during the last Congress, but due to a credentials challenge, his credentials were not deemed "in order" until January 12, and he was not sworn in to fill his seat until 12 days after the initiation of this Congress. [41] 		Roland Burris [42]
(D)		January 12, 2009 [41]
Delaware
(2)		 Joe Biden
(D)		Resigned January 15, 2009, to assume the position of Vice President. [43]
Successor appointed January 15, 2009, to finish the term.		 Ted Kaufman [44]
(D)		January 16, 2009 [45]
Colorado
(3)		 Ken Salazar
(D)		Resigned January 20, 2009, to become Secretary of the Interior.
Successor appointed on January 21, 2009, and later elected for a full six-year term.		 Michael Bennet [46]
(D)		January 21, 2009 [47]
New York
(1)		 Hillary Clinton
(D)		Resigned January 21, 2009, to become Secretary of State.
Successor appointed on January 26, 2009, and later elected to finish the term.		 Kirsten Gillibrand [48]
(D)		January 26, 2009
Pennsylvania
(3)		 Arlen Specter
(R)		Changed party affiliation April 30, 2009. [30] Arlen Specter
(D)		April 30, 2009
Massachusetts
(1)		 Ted Kennedy
(D)		Died August 25, 2009.
Successor appointed September 23, 2009, to finish the term. [49] [50] [51] 		Paul G. Kirk
(D)		September 25, 2009
Florida
(3)		 Mel Martinez
(R)		Resigned September 9, 2009, for personal reasons. [52]
Successor appointed September 9, 2009, to finish the term.		 George LeMieux
(R)		September 10, 2009 [53] [54]
Massachusetts
(1)		 Paul G. Kirk
(D)		Appointment ended February 4, 2010. [55]
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2013.		 Scott Brown
(R) [56] 		February 4, 2010
West Virginia
(1)		 Robert Byrd
(D)		Died June 28, 2010. [57]
Successor appointed July 16, 2010, to finish the term. [58] 		Carte Goodwin
(D) [31] 		July 16, 2010 [59]
Delaware
(2)		 Ted Kaufman
(D)		The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate. [60]
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2015.		 Chris Coons
(D)		November 15, 2010 [61] [62]
West Virginia
(1)		 Carte Goodwin
(D)		The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate.
Successor elected in the special election for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2013.		 Joe Manchin
(D)		November 15, 2010 [61] [62]
Illinois
(3)		 Roland Burris
(D)		The appointment lasted only until the November 2010 special election, in which he was not a candidate.
Successor elected to finish the final weeks of the Congress, and a full six-year term.		 Mark Kirk
(R)		November 29, 2010 [61] [62]

House of Representatives

Five changes are associated with appointments to the Obama Administration, four directly and one indirectly. Two representatives changed parties, one died, and five resigned. House vacancies are only filled by elections. State laws regulate when (and if) there will be special elections.

House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [d]
Illinois 5 Vacant Rahm Emanuel (D) resigned near the end of the previous Congress after being named White House Chief of Staff.
A special election was held April 7, 2009		 Michael Quigley (D)April 7, 2009
New York 20 Kirsten Gillibrand (D)Resigned January 26, 2009, when appointed to the Senate. A special election was held March 31, 2009. Scott Murphy (D)March 31, 2009
Northern Marianas at-large Gregorio Sablan (I)Changed party affiliation February 23, 2009. [e] Gregorio Sablan (D)February 23, 2009
California 32 Hilda Solis (D)Resigned February 24, 2009, to become U.S. Secretary of Labor.
A special election was held July 14, 2009.		 Judy Chu (D)July 14, 2009
California 10 Ellen Tauscher (D)Resigned June 26, 2009, to become U.S. Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security.
A special election was held November 3, 2009.		 John Garamendi (D) [63] November 3, 2009 [64]
New York 23 John M. McHugh (R)Resigned September 21, 2009, to become U.S. Secretary of the Army. [65]
A special election was held November 3, 2009.		 Bill Owens (D) [66] November 3, 2009
Alabama 5 Parker Griffith (D)Changed party affiliation December 22, 2009. [67] Parker Griffith (R)December 22, 2009
Florida 19 Robert Wexler (D)Resigned January 3, 2010, to become president of the Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation. [68]
A special election was held April 13, 2010.		 Ted Deutch (D)April 13, 2010
Pennsylvania 12 John Murtha (D)Died February 8, 2010. A special election was held May 18, 2010. Mark Critz (D)May 18, 2010
Hawaii 1 Neil Abercrombie (D)Resigned February 28, 2010, [69] to focus on run for Governor of Hawaii. A special election was held May 22, 2010. Charles Djou (R)May 22, 2010
New York 29 Eric Massa (D)Resigned March 8, 2010, [70] due to a recurrence of his cancer, as well as an ethics investigation.
A special election was held contemporaneously with the general election on November 2, 2010.		 Tom Reed (R)November 2, 2010 [62] [71]
Georgia 9 Nathan Deal (R)Resigned March 21, 2010, to focus on run for Governor of Georgia.
A special election runoff was held June 8, 2010.		 Tom Graves (R)June 8, 2010
Indiana 3 Mark Souder (R)Resigned May 21, 2010, after an affair with a staff member was revealed. [72]
A special election was held contemporaneously with the general election on November 2, 2010. [73] 		Marlin Stutzman (R)November 2, 2010 [62]
Illinois 10 Mark Kirk (R)Resigned November 29, 2010, after being elected U.S. Senator.Vacant until the next Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

Employees include: [g]

See also

Elections

Membership lists

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References

  1. ↑ H.Con.Res. 223
  2. ↑ Pub. L.   111–121 (text) (PDF)
  3. ↑ H.Con.Res. 336
  4. ↑ Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, Pub. L.   110–229 (text) (PDF)
  5. ↑ Glassman, Matthew Eric; Wilhelm, Amber Hope. "Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2015" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  6. ↑ "No Congress Since 1960s Has Impact on Public as 111th - Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg News . February 3, 2015. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  7. ↑ "Certificate of Election" (PDF). Office of the Minnesota Governor, via StarTribune.com. June 30, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  8. ↑ Davey, Monica; Hulse, Carl (June 30, 2009). "Franken's Win Bolsters Democratic Grip in Senate - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
  9. ↑ See Pub. L.   110–430 (text) (PDF). Section 1 sets the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress. Section 2 sets the date for counting Electoral College votes.
  10. ↑ Kenneth P. Vogel (April 28, 2009). "Specter's first party switch". Politico.com. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Rep. Wilson shouts, 'You lie' to Obama during speech". CNN. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  12. ↑ Rothenberg, Stuart (November 28, 2012). "Supermajority Within Reach for Senate Democrats". Roll Call. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  13. ↑ Staff reporter (June 19, 2009). "House impeaches Texas judge". AP. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2012. (Archived by WebCite at )
  14. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  H7064 (June 19, 2009)
  15. ↑ Gamboa, Suzanne (June 30, 2009). "White House accepts convicted judge's resignation". AP. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  16. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  S7055 (June 25, 2009)
  17. ↑ Gamboa, Suzanne (July 22, 2009). "Congress ends jailed judge's impeachment". AP. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2012. (Archived by WebCite at )
  18. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  S7833 (July 22, 2009)
  19. ↑ Alpert, Bruce (March 10, 2010). "Judge Thomas Porteous impeached by U.S. House of Representatives". New Orleans Times-Picayune. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  20. ↑ 2010  Congressional Record, Vol. 156, Page  H1335 (March 11, 2010)
  21. ↑ Alpert, Bruce; Jonathan Tilove (December 8, 2010). "Senate votes to remove Judge Thomas Porteous from office". New Orleans Times-Picayune. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  22. ↑ 2010  Congressional Record, Vol. 156, Page  S8609 (December 8, 2010)
  23. ↑ Hulse, Carl (June 28, 2010). "Inouye Sworn In as President Pro Tem". The New York Times .
  24. ↑ The Democratic Senate Majority Leader also serves as the Chairman of the Democratic Conference.
  25. 1 2 "Thune Elected Republican Policy Committee Chairman". Office of U.S. Senator John Thune. June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  26. ↑ Toeplitz, Shira (September 18, 2010). "Lisa Murkowski quits GOP leadership". Politico .
  27. ↑ "Murkowski Keeps Panel Job; Barrasso Elected Vice Chairman". Roll Call. September 22, 2010. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  28. ↑ Burris was appointed on December 31, 2008, during the 110th United States Congress. However, he was not allowed to take the oath until January 15, 2009, due to the controversy surrounding Gov. Rod Blagojevich, who appointed him.
  29. ↑ Al Franken was elected to the term beginning January 3, 2009, but did not take office until July 7, 2009, due to a recount and subsequent election challenge.
  30. 1 2 Arlen Specter announced his switch from the Republican to the Democratic party on April 28, and it officially took effect on April 30. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress".
  31. 1 2 "Carte Goodwin to succeed Senator Byrd - for now". The Christian Science Monitor . July 16, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Officials: House Democrat will switch to GOP". December 22, 2009. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Wexler Begins New Job With Washington Think Tank". WBPF.com. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Congressman John Murtha Passes Away at Age 77". Honorable John Murtha Congressional Website. February 8, 2010. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010.
  35. ↑ Gregorio Sablan announced his switch from the Republican to the Democratic party on February 23, 2009. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress".
  36. ↑ Access Denied. NationalJournal.com. Retrieved on August 12, 2013.
  37. ↑ Jonathan Allen (May 31, 2006). "Byrd poised to break Thurmond's record". The Hill . Archived from the original on June 14, 2006.
  38. ↑ Tom Cohen (November 18, 2009). "West Virginia's Byrd becomes the longest-serving member of Congress". CNN .
  39. ↑ Hulse, Carl (July 7, 2009). "And Here's Senator Franken". The New York Times. The Caucus blog. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  40. ↑ Seat remained vacant until a successor was appointed. Mason, Jeff. "Obama resigns Senate seat, thanks Illinois". Reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  41. 1 2 Hulse, Carl (January 27, 2009). "Burris Is Sworn In". The New York Times. The Caucus blog. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
  42. ↑ "Burris v. White, Illinois Supreme Court, No. 107816" (PDF). January 9, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 14, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  43. ↑ Mark Murray (January 9, 2009). "Biden to Resign from Senate Thursday". MSNBC. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
  44. ↑ "Longtime Biden aide picked to fill his Senate seat". WJLA.com. November 24, 2008. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  45. ↑ Kathleen Hunter and Catharine Richert, CQ Staff (January 14, 2009). "Illinois, Delaware Senators to Be Seated in First Round of Replacements". CQ Politics. Congressional Quarterly. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010.
  46. ↑ "Official Press Release from Governor Bill Ritter Jr., Jan. 3, 2009, appointing Michael Bennet". Colorado.gov. January 3, 2009. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009.
  47. ↑ "Ken Salazar Sends Senate Resignation Notice". NBC11News.com. Associated Press. January 19, 2009. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  48. ↑ Danny Hakim and Nicholas Confessore (January 23, 2009). "Paterson Picks Gillibrand for Senate Seat". The New York Times. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
  49. ↑ Phillips, Frank (August 31, 2009). "Panel to weigh Kennedy request for interim senator". Boston.com. Boston Globe.
  50. ↑ Goddnough, Abby; Carl Hulse (September 23, 2009). "Kennedy Confidant Expected to Take Senate Seat". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
  51. ↑ Viser, Matt (September 23, 2009). "Senate OK's Kennedy successor bill". Boston.com. Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
  52. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  S9147 (September 9, 2009)
  53. ↑ "Crist Officially Names Former Aide As New Senator". CNNPolitics.com. CNN. August 28, 2009. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
  54. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  S9230 (September 10, 2009)
  55. ↑ "Paul Kirk to fill Kennedy's Senate seat". CNNPolitics.com. CNN. September 24, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
  56. ↑ "Scott Brown Wins Mass Special Election". CNN. January 19, 2010. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  57. ↑ Clymer, Adam (June 28, 2010). "Robert Byrd, Respected Voice of the Senate, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  58. ↑ "Manchin to announce plans Tuesday - POLITICO". Politico .
  59. ↑ Goodwin was appointed July 16, 2010. He was sworn in on July 20, 2010, but his service began on July 16.
  60. ↑ Montgomery, Jeff (November 24, 2008). "Minner taps Kaufman for Biden's seat". DelawareOnLine.com. Delaware News-Journal. Retrieved November 24, 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
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  62. 1 2 3 4 5 Abrams, Jim. "5 Election Winners to be Sworn in Early" The Boston Globe. The Associated Press, November 15, 2010.
  63. ↑ Blake, Aaron (November 4, 2009). "Garamendi wins House seat in California special election". The Hill. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  64. ↑ "John Garamendi Wins in 10th Congressional District with Commanding Lead". California Chronicle. November 5, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  65. ↑ Weiner, Mark (September 16, 2009). "Rep. John McHugh is confirmed as Secretary of the Army". Syracuse Post-Standard. syracuse.com.
  66. ↑ Rudin, Ken (November 6, 2009). "Democrat Bill Owens Wins In NY 23". Political Junkie. NPR. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  67. ↑ Deirdre Walsh (December 22, 2009). "House Dem to switch to Republican Party". CNN. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  68. ↑ Man, Anthony (October 14, 2009). "Wexler makes it official: leaving Congress in January". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  69. ↑ Josh Kraushaar. Abercrombie sets Feb. 28 date for resignation. January 4, 2010.
  70. ↑ Wilson, Reid; Sahd, Tim (March 5, 2010). "Massa To Resign". National Journal. Archived from the original on March 7, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  71. ↑ "Reed Remains Hospitalized, Swearing-In Delayed". Roll Call. November 16, 2010.
  72. ↑ Cilizza, Chris; Burke, Aaron (May 18, 2010). "Mark Souder to resign after affair". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011.
  73. ↑ Taylor, Jessica (May 28, 2010). "Daniels schedules Souder special". Politico 2010.
  74. ↑ 2009  Congressional Record, Vol. 155, Page  S6961 (June 24, 2009)
  75. ↑ 2010  Congressional Record, Vol. 156, Page  S1647 (March 17, 2010)
  76. ↑ The Indian Affairs Committee is not a standing committee, even though the name select was removed from its title in 1993 by S.Res. 71. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  77. ↑ Although called a "caucus", it has the rank of committee.
  78. ↑ "The Gavel: Speaker of the House Blog". March 8, 2007. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  79. ↑ Resolution (H.Res. 5) adopting the rules for the 111th Congress.
  80. ↑ "House official Dan Beard quits after tough IG report". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012.
  81. ↑ Pelosi Names Daniel J. Strodel as Interim Chief Administrative Officer - WASHINGTON, July 15 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/. Prnewswire.com. Retrieved on August 12, 2013.
  82. ↑ "Dr. Matthew Wasniewski Appointed New House Historian". November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
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  85. ↑ "APPOINTMENT AS INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". Congress.gov. Library of Congress.

Notes

  1. ↑ U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney's term as President of the Senate ended at noon on January 20, 2009, when Joe Biden's term began.
  2. ↑ See also: Active Legislation, 111th Congress, via senate.gov
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party (D-NPL) are the Minnesota and North Dakota affiliates of the U.S. Democratic Party and are counted as Democrats.
  4. 1 2 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  5. ↑ Gregorio Sablan was previously an Independent who caucused with House Democrats.
  6. ↑ Specter changed parties on April 28, 2009, rendering the position vacant.
  7. ↑ Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials"
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