United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Last updated

Senate Judiciary Committee
Standing committee
Active
Seal of the United States Senate.svg
United States Senate
119th Congress
History
FormedDecember 10, 1816
Leadership
Chair Chuck Grassley (R)
Since January 3, 2025
Ranking member Dick Durbin (D)
Since January 3, 2025
Structure
Seats22 members
Political partiesMajority (12)
  •   Republican (12)
Minority (10)
Jurisdiction
Policy areas Federal judiciary, civil procedure, criminal procedure, civil liberties, copyrights, patents, trademarks, naturalization, constitutional amendments, congressional apportionment, state and territorial boundary lines
Oversight authority Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, federal judicial nominations
House counterpart House Committee on the Judiciary
Meeting place
226 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C.
Dirksen226.jpg
Website
judiciary.senate.gov
Rules
    Sonia Sotomayor testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her nomination for the United States Supreme Court Sonia Sotomayor on first day of confirmation hearings.jpg
    Sonia Sotomayor testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her nomination for the United States Supreme Court

    The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, informally known as the Senate Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of 21 U.S. senators [1] whose role is to oversee the Department of Justice (DOJ), consider executive and judicial nominations, and review pending legislation. [2] [3]

    Contents

    In addition, the Standing Rules of the Senate confer jurisdiction to the Senate Judiciary Committee in certain areas, such as considering proposed constitutional amendments and legislation related to federal criminal law, human rights law, immigration, intellectual property, antitrust law, and internet privacy. [2] [4]

    History

    Established in 1816 as one of the original standing committees in the United States Senate, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary is one of the oldest and most influential committees in Congress. Its broad legislative jurisdiction has assured its primary role as a forum for the public discussion of social and constitutional issues. The committee is also responsible for oversight of key activities of the executive branch, and is responsible for the initial stages of the confirmation process of all judicial nominations for the federal judiciary. [5]

    Nominations

    The committee considers presidential nominations for positions in the DOJ, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the State Justice Institute, and certain positions in the Department of Commerce and DHS. It is also in charge of holding hearings and investigating judicial nominations to the Supreme Court, the U.S. court of appeals, the U.S. district courts, and the Court of International Trade. [2]

    If a majority on the committee votes to advance a nomination, the nominee is reported favorably to the whole Senate, which can vote by simple majority to confirm the nominee. [6]

    Oversight

    The Judiciary Committee's oversight of the DOJ includes all of the agencies under the DOJ's jurisdiction, such as the FBI. It also has oversight of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

    Members, 119th Congress

    (January 3, 2025 – January 3, 2027)
    Majority [7] Minority [8]

    Subcommittees

    SubcommitteeChairRanking Member
    Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Mike Lee (R-UT)
    The Constitution Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (until September 29, 2023)
    Laphonza Butler (D-CA) (from October 17, 2023)    		 Ted Cruz (R-TX)
    Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism Cory Booker (D-NJ) Tom Cotton (R-AR)
    Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) John Kennedy (R-LA)
    Human Rights and the Law Jon Ossoff (D-GA) Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
    Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety Alex Padilla (D-CA) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Intellectual Property Chris Coons (D-DE) Thom Tillis (R-NC)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) Josh Hawley (R-MO)

    Chairs since 1816

    ChairPartyStateYears
    Dudley Chase Democratic-Republican Vermont 1816–1817
    John J. Crittenden Democratic-Republican Kentucky 1817–1818
    James Burrill Jr. Federalist Rhode Island 1818–1819
    William Smith Democratic-Republican South Carolina 1819–1823
    Martin Van Buren Democratic-Republican New York 1823–1828
    John M. Berrien Jacksonian Georgia 1828–1829
    John Rowan Democratic-Republican Kentucky 1829–1831
    William L. Marcy Jacksonian New York 1831–1832
    William Wilkins Jacksonian Pennsylvania 1832–1833
    John M. Clayton Anti-Jacksonian Delaware 1833–1836
    Felix Grundy Jacksonian Tennessee 1836–1838
    Garret D. Wall Democratic New Jersey 1838–1841
    John M. Berrien Whig Georgia 1841–1845
    Chester Ashley Democratic Arkansas 1845–1847
    Andrew P. Butler Democratic South Carolina 1847–1857
    James A. Bayard Jr. Democratic Delaware 1857–1861
    Lyman Trumbull Republican Illinois 1861–1872
    George G. Wright Republican Iowa 1872
    George F. Edmunds Republican Vermont 1872–1879
    Allen G. Thurman Democratic Ohio 1879–1881
    George F. Edmunds Republican Vermont 1881–1891
    George Frisbie Hoar Republican Massachusetts 1891–1893
    James L. Pugh Democratic Alabama 1893–1895
    George Frisbie Hoar Republican Massachusetts 1895–1904
    Orville H. Platt Republican Connecticut 1904–1905
    Clarence D. Clark Republican Wyoming 1905–1912
    Charles Allen Culberson Democratic Texas 1912–1919
    Knute Nelson Republican Minnesota 1919–1923
    Frank B. Brandegee Republican Connecticut 1923–1924
    Albert B. Cummins Republican Iowa 1924–1926
    George William Norris Republican Nebraska 1926–1933
    Henry F. Ashurst Democratic Arizona 1933–1941
    Frederick Van Nuys Democratic Indiana 1941–1945
    Pat McCarran Democratic Nevada 1945–1947
    Alexander Wiley Republican Wisconsin 1947–1949
    Pat McCarran Democratic Nevada 1949–1953
    William Langer Republican North Dakota 1953–1955
    Harley M. Kilgore Democratic West Virginia 1955–1956
    James Eastland Democratic Mississippi 1956–1978
    Edward M. Kennedy Democratic Massachusetts 1978–1981
    Strom Thurmond Republican South Carolina 1981–1987
    Joe Biden Democratic Delaware 1987–1995
    Orrin Hatch Republican Utah 1995–2001
    Patrick Leahy [9] Democratic Vermont 2001
    Orrin Hatch Republican Utah 2001
    Patrick Leahy [10] Democratic Vermont 2001–2003
    Orrin Hatch Republican Utah 2003–2005
    Arlen Specter Republican Pennsylvania 2005–2007
    Patrick Leahy Democratic Vermont 2007–2015
    Chuck Grassley Republican Iowa 2015–2019
    Lindsey Graham Republican South Carolina 2019–2021
    Dick Durbin Democratic Illinois 2021–2025
    Chuck Grassley Republican Iowa 2025–present

    Historical committee rosters

    118th Congress

    (January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025)
    Majority [11] Minority [12]

    Subcommittees

    SubcommitteeChairRanking Member
    Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Mike Lee (R-UT)
    The Constitution Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (until September 29, 2023)
    Laphonza Butler (D-CA) (from October 17, 2023)    		 Ted Cruz (R-TX)
    Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism Cory Booker (D-NJ) Tom Cotton (R-AR)
    Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) John Kennedy (R-LA)
    Human Rights and the Law Jon Ossoff (D-GA) Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
    Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety Alex Padilla (D-CA) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Intellectual Property Chris Coons (D-DE) Thom Tillis (R-NC)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) Josh Hawley (R-MO)

    117th Congress

    (January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2023)
    Majority [14] Minority

    Subcommittees

    SubcommitteeChairRanking Member
    Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Mike Lee (R-UT)
    The Constitution Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) Ted Cruz (R-TX)
    Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism Cory Booker (D-NJ) Tom Cotton (R-AR)
    Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) John Kennedy (R-LA)
    Human Rights and the Law Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) Josh Hawley (R-MO)
    Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety Alex Padilla (D-CA) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Intellectual Property Patrick Leahy (D-VT) Thom Tillis (R-NC)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Chris Coons (D-DE) Ben Sasse (R-NE)

    116th Congress

    (January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021)
    MajorityMinority
    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairRanking member
    Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Mike Lee (R-UT) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
    Border Security and Immigration John Cornyn (R-TX) Dick Durbin (D-IL)
    The Constitution Ted Cruz (R-TX) Mazie Hirono (D-HI)
    Crime and Terrorism Josh Hawley (R-MO) Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
    Intellectual Property Thom Tillis (R-NC) Chris Coons (D-DE)
    Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts Ben Sasse (R-NE) Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

    115th Congress

    (January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019)

    [15] [16]

    MajorityMinority

    In January 2018, the Democratic minority had their number of seats increase from 9 to 10 upon the election of Doug Jones (D-AL), changing the 52–48 Republican majority to 51–49. On January 2, 2018, Al Franken, who had been a member of the committee, resigned from the Senate following accusations of sexual misconduct.

    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairRanking member
    Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Mike Lee (R-UT) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
    Border Security and Immigration John Cornyn (R-TX) Dick Durbin (D-IL)
    Crime and Terrorism Lindsey Graham (R-SC) Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
    Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts Ben Sasse (R-NE) Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) (from January 9, 2018)
    Chris Coons (D-DE) (until January 9, 2018)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Jeff Flake (R-AZ) Chris Coons (D-DE) (from January 9, 2018)
    Al Franken (D-MN) (until January 2, 2018)
    The Constitution Ted Cruz (R-TX) Mazie Hirono (D-HI) (from January 9, 2018)
    Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) (until January 9, 2018)

    114th Congress

    (January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017)

    [17]

    MajorityMinority
    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairmanRanking member
    Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Mike Lee (R-UT) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
    Crime and Terrorism Lindsey Graham (R-SC) Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
    Immigration and the National Interest Jeff Sessions (R-AL) Chuck Schumer (D-NY)
    Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts Ted Cruz (R-TX) Chris Coons (D-DE)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Jeff Flake (R-AZ) Al Franken (D-MN)
    The Constitution John Cornyn (R-TX) Dick Durbin (D-IL)

    113th Congress

    (January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015)

    [18]

    MajorityMinority
    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairmanRanking member
    Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Mike Lee (R-UT)
    Bankruptcy and the Courts Chris Coons (D-DE) Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
    Crime and Terrorism Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
    Immigration, Refugees and Border Security Chuck Schumer (D-NY) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Oversight, Federal Rights and Agency Action Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Al Franken (D-MN) Jeff Flake (R-AZ)
    The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights Dick Durbin (D-IL) Ted Cruz (R-TX)

    112th Congress

    (January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013)

    [19]

    MajorityMinority
    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairmanRanking member
    Administrative Oversight and the Courts Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
    United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Herb Kohl (D-WI) Mike Lee (R-UT)
    Crime and Terrorism Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) Jon Kyl (R-AZ)
    Immigration, Refugees and Border Security Chuck Schumer (D-NY) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Privacy, Technology and the Law Al Franken (D-MN) Tom Coburn (R-OK)
    The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights Dick Durbin (D-IL) Lindsey Graham (R-SC)

    111th Congress

    (January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011)

    [20] [21]

    MajorityMinority
    Subcommittees
    SubcommitteeChairmanRanking member
    Administrative Oversight and the Courts Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
    Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Herb Kohl (D-WI) Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
    Crime and Drugs Arlen Specter (D-PA) Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
    Human Rights and the Law Dick Durbin (D-IL) Tom Coburn (R-OK)
    Immigration, Refugees and Border Security Chuck Schumer (D-NY) John Cornyn (R-TX)
    Terrorism and Homeland Security Ben Cardin (D-MD) Jon Kyl (R-AZ)
    The Constitution Russ Feingold (D-WI) Tom Coburn (R-OK)

    See also

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    References

    1. ↑ U.S. Senate: Committee on the Judiciary -- Committee Membership List
    2. 1 2 3 "Jurisdiction". United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
    3. ↑ "Senate Committee on the Judiciary". GovTrack. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
    4. ↑ "Guide to Senate Records: Chapter 13 Judiciary 1947-1968". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
    5. ↑ "History". United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Archived from the original on April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
    6. ↑ Elliott, Philip (January 26, 2022). "How Republicans Can Block Stephen Breyer's Replacement". Time. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
    7. ↑ S.Res. 16 (119th Congress)
    8. ↑ S.Res. 17 (119th Congress)
    9. ↑ When the Senate convened in January 2001 17 days before President George W. Bush was inaugurated, there was a 50–50 split between Democrats and Republicans with Vice President Al Gore as a tiebreaking vote.
    10. ↑ In June 2001, Republican Jim Jeffords declared himself an Independent and caucused with the Democrats, giving the Democrats majority control.
    11. ↑ S.Res. 30 (118th Congress)
    12. ↑ S.Res. 31 (118th Congress)
    13. ↑ "Majority Leader Schumer Announces New Senate Democratic Committee Assignments". Senate Democrats. October 17, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
    14. 1 2 "Members". United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
    15. ↑ John J. Merlino (June 28, 2018). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fifteenth Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 20–21. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
    16. ↑ John J. Merlino (April 4, 2017). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fifteenth Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 20–21. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
    17. ↑ John J. Merlino (May 13, 2015). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 20–21. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
    18. ↑ Kathleen Alvarez Tritak (April 10, 2014). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 20–21. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
    19. ↑ Kathleen Alvarez Tritak (April 8, 2011). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Twelfth Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 20–21. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
    20. ↑ Kathleen Alvarez Tritak (2010). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Eleventh Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 22–23. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
    21. ↑ Kathleen Alvarez Tritak (October 1, 2010). "Judiciary". The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Eleventh Congress (PDF) (Report). Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office. pp. 22–23. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
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