16th United States Congress

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16th United States Congress
15th  ←
→  17th
USCapitol1827A.gif
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1819 – March 4, 1821
Members46 senators
186 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority Democratic-Republican
Senate President Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
House majority Democratic-Republican
House Speaker Henry Clay (DR)
John W. Taylor (DR)
Sessions
1st: December 6, 1819 – May 15, 1820
2nd: November 13, 1820 – March 3, 1821

The 16th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Contents

Major events

Major legislation

Proposed but not enacted

Treaties

States admitted

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Alabama and Maine.

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR)		 Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 28 12402
Begin 29 9 38 4
End 38 8 460
Final voting share82.6% 17.4%
Beginning of next congress 40 4442

House of Representatives

During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Alabama and one seat was reapportioned from Massachusetts to the new state of Maine. For the beginning of the next congress, six more seats from Massachusetts would be reapportioned to Maine.

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR)		 Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 146 391850
Begin 155 28 183 2
End 27 1825
Final voting share85.2% 14.8%
Beginning of next congress 150 311815

Leadership

President of the Senate Daniel D. Tompkins DTompkins.png
President of the Senate Daniel D. Tompkins

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.

House of Representatives

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, 2 vacancies before the Congress, and 4 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 7-seat net gain and the Federalists had a 1-seat net loss.

Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 2]
Georgia
(2)		Vacant John Forsyth had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. Freeman Walker (DR)Elected November 6, 1819
Kentucky
(2)		Vacant John J. Crittenden had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. Richard Mentor Johnson (DR)Elected December 10, 1819
Maryland
(3)		VacantLegislature did not elect until after the term began. Edward Lloyd (DR)Elected December 14, 1819, and qualified December 21, 1819
New York
(3)		VacantLegislature failed to elect, held late election. Rufus King (F)Elected January 8, 1820, and qualified January 25, 1820
Maryland
(1)		 Alexander C. Hanson (F)Died April 23, 1819 William Pinkney (DR)Elected December 21, 1819
Virginia
(2)		 John W. Eppes (DR)Resigned December 4, 1819 James Pleasants (DR)Elected December 10, 1819
Alabama
(2)		New seatsAlabama was admitted to the Union December 14, 1819. John W. Walker (DR)Elected December 14, 1819
Alabama
(3)		 William R. King (DR)Elected December 14, 1819
Maine
(2)		New seatsMaine was admitted to the Union March 15, 1820. John Holmes (DR)Elected June 13, 1820
Maine
(1)		 John Chandler (DR)Elected June 14, 1820
Massachusetts
(1)		 Prentiss Mellen (F)Resigned May 15, 1820 Elijah H. Mills (F)Elected June 12, 1820
Mississippi
(1)		 Walter Leake (DR)Resigned May 15, 1820, after becoming US Marshal for Mississippi David Holmes (DR)Appointed August 30, 1820
Kentucky
(3)		 William Logan (DR)Resigned May 28, 1820, to run for Governor of Kentucky Isham Talbot (DR)Elected October 19, 1820
Rhode Island
(2)		 James Burrill Jr. (F)Died December 25, 1820 Nehemiah R. Knight (DR)Elected January 9, 1821
New Jersey
(1)		 James J. Wilson (DR)Resigned January 8, 1821 Samuel L. Southard (DR)Appointed January 26, 1821

House of Representatives

There were 13 resignations, 5 deaths, 2 contested elections, and 2 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 1-seat net gain and the Federalists had no net change.

House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 2]
North Carolina
2nd 		Vacant Hutchins G. Burton (DR)Seated December 6, 1819
Alabama Territory VacantSeat remained vacant until statehood John Crowell (DR)Seated December 14, 1819
Alabama
at-large
Arkansas Territory VacantArkansas Territory organized July 4, 1819 James W. Bates Seated December 21, 1819
New York
1st 		VacantContested election. Representative-elect Ebenezer Sage never qualified. James Guyon Jr. (DR)Seated January 14, 1820
New Jersey
at-large 		John Condit (DR)Resigned November 4, 1819 Charles Kinsey (DR)Seated February 16, 1820
Virginia 17th James Pleasants (DR)Resigned December 14, 1819 William S. Archer (DR)Seated January 18, 1820
Vermont 1st Orsamus C. Merrill (DR)Contested election, served until January 12, 1820 Rollin C. Mallary (DR)Seated January 13, 1820
Virginia 20th James Johnson (DR)Resigned February 1, 1820 John C. Gray (DR)Seated November 13, 1820
Virginia 10th George F. Strother (DR)Resigned February 10, 1820 Thomas L. Moore (DR)Seated November 13, 1820
Kentucky
6th 		David Walker (DR)Died March 1, 1820 Francis Johnson (DR)Seated November 13, 1820
Massachusetts
14th 		John Holmes (DR)Resigned March 15, 1820, to become U.S. Senator from Maine.District moved to MaineDistrict inactive until 1903
Maine
at-large 		New seatMassachusetts's 14th district became Maine's at-large district Joseph Dane (F)Seated November 6, 1820
Massachusetts
1st 		Jonathan Mason (F)Resigned May 15, 1820 Benjamin Gorham (DR)Seated November 27, 1820
Pennsylvania
5th 		David Fullerton (DR)Resigned May 15, 1820 Thomas G. McCullough (F)Seated November 13, 1820
Massachusetts
13th 		Edward Dowse (DR)Resigned May 26, 1820 William Eustis (DR)
Kentucky
9th 		Tunstall Quarles (DR)Resigned June 15, 1820 Thomas Montgomery (DR)
Virginia 1st James Pindall (F)Resigned July 26, 1820 Edward B. Jackson (DR)
Massachusetts
8th 		Zabdiel Sampson (DR)Resigned July 26, 1820 Aaron Hobart (DR)Seated December 18, 1820
Michigan Territory William Woodbridge Resigned August 9, 1820 Solomon Sibley Seated November 20, 1820
Pennsylvania
7th 		Joseph Hiester (DR)Resigned sometime in December 1820 Daniel Udree (DR)Seated January 8, 1821
Rhode Island
at-large 		Nathaniel Hazard (DR)Died December 17, 1820VacantNot filled in this Congress
North Carolina
4th 		Jesse Slocumb (F)Died December 20, 1820 William S. Blackledge (DR)Seated February 7, 1821
New Jersey
at-large 		John Linn (DR)Died January 5, 1821VacantNot filled in this Congress
Delaware
at-large 		Willard Hall (DR)Resigned January 22, 1821VacantNot filled in this Congress
Virginia 14th William A. Burwell (DR)Died February 16, 1821VacantNot filled in this Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Officers

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Joseph Dane (Maine) was elected November 7, 1820.
  2. 1 2 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

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References

  1. ↑ "debunk". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2000. Archived from the original on 2008-04-06. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Proceedings and Debates of the House of Representatives of the United States at the Second Session of the Sixteenth Congress Begun at the City of Washington, Monday, November 13, 1820". Annuals of Congress: 434–435. November 1820.
  3. ↑ "Election of Speaker". Annuals of Congress: 437. November 1820.
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