21st United States Congress

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21st United States Congress
20th  ←
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USCapitol1827A.gif
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1831
Members48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority Jacksonian
Senate President John C. Calhoun (J)
House majority Jacksonian
House Speaker Andrew Stevenson (J)
Sessions
Special (Senate): March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829
1st [1] : December 7, 1829 – May 31, 1830
2nd: December 6, 1830 – March 3, 1831

The 21st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

Contents

Major events

March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson inaugurated President Jackson inauguration crop.jpg
March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson inaugurated President

Major legislation

Not enacted

Treaties

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

President of the Senate John C. Calhoun. BustJohnCalhoun.jpg
President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun.
Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
National
Republican
(NR)		 Jacksonian
(J)		Other
End of previous congress 21 27 0480
Begin 22 26 0 48 0
End 25 471
Final voting share46.8% 53.2% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 21 24 2 [lower-alpha 1] 471

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
National
Republican
(NR)		 Anti-
Masonic
(AM)		 Jacksonian
(J)		Other
(0)
End of previous congress 101 0 111 02121
Begin 72 4 133 0 209 4
End 5 135 2121
Final voting share34.0% 2.4% 63.7% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 64 16 128 4 [lower-alpha 2] 2121

Leadership

President pro tempore Samuel Smith. SSmith.jpg
President pro tempore
Samuel Smith.

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1830.

House of Representatives

Members are listed by their districts.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 3]
Georgia
(3)		 John M. Berrien (J)Resigned March 9, 1829, to become U.S. Attorney General.
Successor elected November 9, 1829.		 John Forsyth (J)Installed November 9, 1829
North Carolina
(2)		 John Branch (J)Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy.
Successor elected December 9, 1829.		 Bedford Brown (J)Installed December 9, 1829
Tennessee
(1)		 John Eaton (J)Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of War.
Successor elected October 19, 1829.		 Felix Grundy (J)Installed October 19, 1829
Delaware
(1)		 Louis McLane (J)Resigned April 29, 1829, to become U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom.
Successor elected January 7, 1830.		 Arnold Naudain (NR)Installed January 7, 1830
Mississippi
(2)		 Thomas B. Reed (J)Died November 26, 1829.
Successor elected January 6, 1830.		 Robert H. Adams (J)Installed January 6, 1830
Mississippi
(2)		 Robert H. Adams (J)Died July 2, 1830.
Successor appointed October 15, 1830, to continue the term, and subsequently elected.		 George Poindexter (J)Installed October 15, 1830
Illinois
(2)		 John McLean (J)Died October 14, 1830.
Successor appointed November 12, 1830, to continue the term.		 David J. Baker (J)Installed November 12, 1830
Illinois
(2)		 David J. Baker (J)Appointee retired with elected successor qualified.
Successor elected December 11, 1830.		 John M. Robinson (J)Installed December 11, 1830
Indiana
(1)		 James Noble (NR)Died February 26, 1831.
Seat filled next Congress.		VacantNot filled this Congress

House of Representatives

Total seats with changes: 15

House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 3]
Maryland
6th 		VacantMaryland elected its members October 5, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened. Rep-elect sworn in December after convening. George Edward Mitchell (J)Seated December 7, 1829
Georgia
at-large 		VacantGeorge Gilmer (Jacksonian) was redistricted from the 1st district and re-elected but failed to accept the position within the legal time frame. Governor ordered a new election. Henry G. Lamar (J)Seated December 7, 1829
Maine
4th 		Vacant Peleg Sprague resigned in previous Congress George Evans (NR)Seated July 20, 1829
Pennsylvania
16th 		Vacant William Wilkins resigned before qualifying Harmar Denny (AM)Seated December 15, 1829
Pennsylvania
8th 		George Wolf (J)Resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress Samuel A. Smith (J)Seated October 13, 1829
Virginia
10th 		William C. Rives (J)Resigned some time in 1829 William F. Gordon (J)Seated January 25, 1830
Pennsylvania
8th 		Samuel D. Ingham (J)Resigned in March 1829 after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury Peter Ihrie Jr. (J)Seated October 13, 1829
North Carolina
5th 		Gabriel Holmes (J)Died September 26, 1829 Edward B. Dudley (J)Seated November 10, 1829
New York
20th 		George Fisher (NR)Lost contested election February 5, 1830, to Silas Wright who in turn failed to qualify Jonah Sanford (J)Seated November 3, 1830
Virginia
1st 		Thomas Newton Jr. (NR)Lost contested election March 9, 1830 George Loyall (J)Seated March 9, 1830
Maine
5th 		James W. Ripley (J)Resigned March 12, 1830 Cornelius Holland (J)Seated December 6, 1830
Ohio
11th 		John M. Goodenow (J)Resigned April 9, 1830, after being appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)Seated December 6, 1830
Virginia
22nd 		Alexander Smyth (J)Died April 17, 1830 Joseph Draper (J)Seated December 6, 1830
New York
6th 		Hector Craig (J)Resigned July 12, 1830 Samuel W. Eager (NR)Seated November 2, 1830
Virginia
11th 		Philip P. Barbour (J)Resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia John M. Patton (J)Seated November 25, 1830
New York
21st 		Robert Monell (J)Resigned February 21, 1831VacantNot filled this term
Michigan Territory
At-large 		John Biddle Resigned February 21, 1831VacantNot filled this term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Nullifier
  2. ↑ Nullifier
  3. 1 2 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

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References

  1. ↑ 21st Congress Archived 2012-01-19 at the Wayback Machine from the Office of the Clerk website
  2. ↑ Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845 by Robert Vincent Remini · 1984
  3. ↑ obert C. Thomas, “Andrew Jackson versus France,” Tennessee Historical Quarterly, 35 (1976), 51–64.

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