1830 in the United States

Decades:	1810s ; 1820s ; 1830s ; 1840s ; 1850s ;
See also:	History of the United States (1789–1849) ; Timeline of the history of the United States (1820-1859) ; List of years in the United States ;

Last updated November 19, 2025

Incumbents

Federal government

State governments

Governors and lieutenant governors
Governors Governor of Alabama: Gabriel Moore (Democratic) Governor of Connecticut: Gideon Tomlinson (Democratic-Republican) Governor of Delaware: Charles Polk Jr. (Federalist) (until January 19), David Hazzard (National Republican) (starting January 19) Governor of Georgia: George R. Gilmer (Democratic-Republican) Governor of Illinois: Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) (until December 6), John Reynolds (Democratic) (starting December 6) Governor of Indiana: James B. Ray (Independent) Governor of Kentucky: Thomas Metcalfe (National Republican) Governor of Louisiana: Armand Julie Beauvais (National Republican) (until January 14), Jacques Dupré (National Republican) (starting January 14) Governor of Maine: until January 6: Nathan Cutler (Democratic) January 6 – February 9: Joshua Hall (Democratic) starting February 9: Jonathan G. Hunton (National Republican) Governor of Maryland: Daniel Martin (National Republican) (until January 15), Thomas King Carroll (Democratic) (starting January 15) Governor of Massachusetts: Levi Lincoln Jr. (National Republican) Governor of Mississippi: Gerard Brandon (Democratic) Governor of Missouri: John Miller (Democratic) Governor of New Hampshire: Benjamin Pierce (Democratic) (until June 3), Matthew Harvey (Democratic) (starting June 3) Governor of New Jersey: Peter Dumont Vroom (Democratic) Governor of New York: Enos T. Throop (Democratic) Governor of North Carolina: John Owen (Democratic) (until December 18), Montfort Stokes (Democratic) (starting December 18) Governor of Ohio: Allen Trimble (Federalist) (until December 18), Duncan McArthur (National Republican) (starting December 18) Governor of Pennsylvania: George Wolf (Democratic-Republican) Governor of Rhode Island: James Fenner (Democratic-Republican) Governor of South Carolina: Stephen Decatur Miller (Democratic) (until December 9), James Hamilton Jr. (Democratic) (starting December 9) Governor of Tennessee: William Carroll (Democratic) Governor of Vermont: Samuel C. Crafts (National Republican) Governor of Virginia: William Branch Giles (Democratic) (until March 4), John Floyd (Democratic) (starting March 4) Lieutenant governors Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: John Samuel Peters (National Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: William Kinney (Democratic) (until December 9), Zadok Casey (Democratic) (starting December 9) Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Milton Stapp (Independent) Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: John Breathitt (political party unknown) Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Thomas L. Winthrop (political party unknown) Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Abram M. Scott (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Daniel Dunklin (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of New York: Edward Philip Livingston (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Charles Collins (political party unknown) Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Thomas Williams (Democratic) (until December 9), Patrick Noble (Democratic) (starting December 9) Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Henry Olin (Democratic-Republican) (until month and day unknown), Mark Richards (National Republican) (starting month and day unknown)

Demographics

Events

January 11 – LaGrange College (now the University of North Alabama) opens, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.
January 12–27 – Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress.
March 12 – Craig vs. Missouri : The United States Supreme Court rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional.
March 26 – Joseph Smith's religious text "Book of Mormon" is published in Palmyra, New York.
May 24 – Sarah Josepha Hale's nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" is published in Boston.
May 28 – U.S. congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
September 27 – Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with Choctaw nation. (First removal treaty signed after the Removal Act.)

Births

January 7 – Emerson Opdycke, businessman and Union Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1884)
January 8 – Gouverneur K. Warren, civil engineer and Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1882)
January 19 – George B. Cosby, Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1909)
January 25 – Thomas W. Palmer, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1883 to 1889 (died 1913)
January 31 – James G. Blaine, U.S. Senator from Maine from 1876 to 1881 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1881 and from 1889 to 1892 (died 1893)
March 1 – Alexander Caldwell U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1871 to 1873 (died 1917)
March 12 – William F. Brantley, Confederate general in the American Civil War (died 1870)
March 20 – Eugene Asa Carr, Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1910)
April 26 – Thomas M. Norwood, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1871 to 1877 (died 1913)
May 9 – Harriet Lane, acting First Lady of the United States during James Buchanan's presidency (died 1903)
May 13 – Zebulon Vance, Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, U.S. Senator (died 1894)
May 23 –
- Henry M. Teller, U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1876 to 1882 and from 1885 to 1909 (died 1914)
- George Lucas Hartsuff, Union Army major general in the American Civil War (died 1874)
September 7 – Mary Treat, naturalist (died 1923)
November 8 – Oliver Otis Howard, Union general and United States Army officer (died 1909)
November 26 – Horace Tabor, U.S. Senator from Colorado in 1883 (died 1899)
December 8 – William Pitt Kellogg, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1868 to 1872 and from 1877 to 1883 (died 1918)
December 10 – Emily Dickinson, poet (died 1886)
December 13 – James D. Walker, U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1879 to 1885 (died 1906)

Deaths

January 17 – Elizabeth Willing Powel, socialite and Patriot (born 1743)
February 1 – Thomas W. Cobb, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1824 to 1828 (born 1784)
June 25 – Ephraim McDowell, physician and pioneer surgeon (born 1771)
July 2 – Robert H. Adams, U.S. Senator from Mississippi in 1830 (born 1792)
August 6 – David Walker, African American abolitionist and writer (born 1796)
August 9 – James Armistead Lafayette, African American slave, Continental Army double agent (born 1748 or 1760)
September 24 – Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (born 1768)
October 14 – John McLean, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1824 to 1825 and from 1829 to 1830 (born 1791)

References

↑ Bungart, Victoria. "1830 to 1839 Important News". The People History. Retrieved June 27, 2021.

Smith, Joseph, Jr. (1830), The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi, Palmyra, New York: E. B. Grandin, OCLC 768123849 . See Book of Mormon.

External links

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[1] Bungart, Victoria. "1830 to 1839 Important News". The People History. Retrieved June 27, 2021.

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v t e 1830 in North America
Sovereign states	Costa Rica Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States
Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Bermuda British Virgin Islands Guadeloupe Newfoundland Spanish West Indies