March 4: Franklin Pierce becomes the 14th U.S. presidentThe president's wife, Jane, with their son Bennie, ca. 1850William R. King becomes the 13th U.S. vice president
July 2 –Koszta Affair: American Captain Duncan Ingraham commanding the USS St. Louis threatens to open fire upon an Austrian ship holding Martin Koszta as a prisoner. Koszta, who is in the process of obtaining American citizenship, is later returned to the U.S.
July 8 – U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Edo Bay with a request for a trade treaty.
December 30 –Gadsden Purchase: U.S. Ambassador James Gadsden signs a treaty to buy approximately 29,600 sq mi (77,000km2) of land south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest.
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