List of United States senators from Alabama

Last updated December 13, 2024

Current delegation

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819. The state elects U.S. senators to class 2 and class 3. Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War. Richard Shelby is Alabama's longest serving senator (served 1987–2023). Alabama's current U.S. senators are Republicans Tommy Tuberville (since 2021) and Katie Britt (since 2023).

List of senators

#	Senator	Party	Dates in office	Electoral history	T	C	T	Electoral history	Dates in office	Party	Senator	#
Class 2 Class 2 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2008, 2014, 2017 (special election), and 2020. The next election will be in 2026.						C	Class 3 Class 3 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2004, 2010, 2016, and 2022. The next election will be in 2028.
1	William R. King	Democratic- Republican	Dec 14, 1819 – Apr 15, 1844	Elected in 1819.	1	16th	1	Elected in 1819. Resigned.	Dec 14, 1819 – Dec 12, 1822	Democratic- Republican	John Williams Walker	1
						17th		Elected in 1819. Resigned.	Dec 14, 1819 – Dec 12, 1822	Democratic- Republican	John Williams Walker	1
						17th		Elected to finish Walker's term. Retired.	Dec 12, 1822 – Mar 3, 1825	Democratic- Republican	William Kelly	2
				Re-elected in 1822.	2	18th		Elected to finish Walker's term. Retired.	Dec 12, 1822 – Mar 3, 1825	Democratic- Republican	William Kelly	2
		Jacksonian				19th	2	Elected in 1824 or 1825. Died.	Mar 4, 1825 – Jan 24, 1826	Jacksonian	Henry H. Chambers	3
									Jan 24, 1826 – Feb 17, 1826	Vacant
								Appointed to continue Chambers's term. Successor elected.	Feb 17, 1826 – Nov 27, 1826	Jacksonian	Israel Pickens	4
								Elected to finish Chambers's term. Lost re-election.	Nov 27, 1826 – Mar 3, 1831	Jacksonian	John McKinley	5
						20th
				Re-elected in 1828.	3	21st
						22nd	3	Elected in 1831. Lost re-election.	Mar 4, 1831 – Mar 3, 1837	Jacksonian	Gabriel Moore	6
						23rd				National Republican
				Re-elected in 1834.	4	24th				National Republican
		Democratic				25th	4	Elected in 1837. Resigned to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.	Mar 4, 1837 – Apr 22, 1837	Democratic	John McKinley	7
									Apr 22, 1837 – Jun 19, 1837	Vacant
								Elected to finish McKinley's term. Resigned.	Jun 19, 1837 – Nov 15, 1841	Democratic	Clement Comer Clay	8
						26th
				Re-elected in 1840. Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France.	5	27th
									Nov 15, 1841 – Nov 24, 1841	Vacant
								Elected to finish McKinley's term.	Nov 24, 1841 – Jun 16, 1848	Democratic	Arthur P. Bagby	9
						28th	5	Re-elected in 1842. Resigned to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
Vacant			Apr 15, 1844 – Apr 22, 1844
2	Dixon H. Lewis	Democratic	Apr 22, 1844 – Oct 24, 1848	Appointed to finish King's term.
				Appointed to finish King's term.		29th
				Elected in 1847. Died.	6	30th
									Jun 16, 1848 – Jul 1, 1848	Vacant
								Appointed to continue Bagby's term. Elected to finish Bagby's term.	Jul 1, 1848 – Dec 20, 1852	Democratic	William R. King	10
Vacant			Oct 24, 1848 – Nov 25, 1848
3	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	Democratic	Nov 25, 1848 – Nov 30, 1849	Appointed to continue Lewis's term. Successor elected.
3	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	Democratic	Nov 25, 1848 – Nov 30, 1849	Appointed to continue Lewis's term. Successor elected.		31st	6	Re-elected in 1848 or 1849. Resigned due to poor health.
4	Jeremiah Clemens	Democratic	Nov 30, 1849 – Mar 3, 1853	Elected to finish Lewis's term. Lost re-election.		31st
						32nd
									Dec 20, 1852 – Jan 14, 1853	Vacant
								Appointed to continue King's term. Elected in 1853 to finish King's term.^[1]	Jan 14, 1853 – Mar 3, 1855	Democratic	Benjamin Fitzpatrick	11
Vacant			Mar 4, 1853 – Nov 29, 1853	Legislature failed to elect.	7	33rd
5	Clement Claiborne Clay	Democratic	Nov 29, 1853 – Jan 21, 1861	Elected late in 1853.		33rd
						34th	7	Legislature failed to elect.	Mar 4, 1855 – Nov 26, 1855	Vacant
						34th		Elected late. Withdrew.^[a]	Nov 26, 1855 – Jan 21, 1861	Democratic	Benjamin Fitzpatrick
						35th
				Re-elected in 1858. Withdrew.^[a]	8	36th
Vacant			Jan 21, 1861 – Jul 13, 1868	Civil War and Reconstruction		36th		Civil War and Reconstruction	Jan 21, 1861 – Jul 13, 1868	Vacant
						37th	8
						38th
					9	39th
						40th	9
6	Willard Warner	Republican	Jul 13, 1868 – Mar 3, 1871	Elected in 1868 to finish vacant term. Lost re-election.		40th		Elected in 1868 to finish vacant term.	Jul 13, 1868 – Mar 3, 1879	Republican	George E. Spencer	12
6	Willard Warner	Republican	Jul 13, 1868 – Mar 3, 1871	Elected in 1868 to finish vacant term. Lost re-election.		41st
7	George Goldthwaite	Democratic	Mar 4, 1871 – Mar 3, 1877	Elected in 1870. Retired.	10	42nd
						43rd	10	Re-elected in 1872. Retired.
						44th
8	John T. Morgan	Democratic	Mar 4, 1877 – Jun 11, 1907	Elected in 1876.	11	45th
						46th	11	Elected in 1878. Died.	Mar 4, 1879 – Dec 31, 1879	Democratic	George S. Houston	13
									Dec 31, 1879 – Jan 7, 1880	Vacant
								Appointed to continue Houston's term. Successor qualified.	Jan 7, 1880 – Nov 23, 1880	Democratic	Luke Pryor	14
								Elected to finish Houston's term.	Nov 24, 1880 – Mar 3, 1897	Democratic	James L. Pugh	15
						47th
				Re-elected in 1882.	12	48th
						49th	12	Re-elected in 1884.
						50th
				Re-elected in 1888.	13	51st
						52nd	13	Re-elected in 1890. Lost renomination.^[2]
						53rd
				Re-elected in 1894.	14	54th
						55th	14	Elected in 1897.^[3]	Mar 4, 1897 – Jul 27, 1907	Democratic	Edmund Pettus	16
						56th
				Re-elected in 1900.	15	57th
						58th	15	Re-elected in 1903. Re-elected early in 1907,^[4]^[5] but died.
						59th
				Re-elected in 1907.^[4]^[5] Died.	16	60th
Vacant			Jun 11, 1907 – Jun 18, 1907
9	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	Jun 18, 1907 – Mar 1, 1920	Appointed to continue Morgan's term. Elected in 1907 to finish Morgan's term.
									Jul 27, 1907 – Aug 6, 1907	Vacant
								Elected to finish Pettus's term.	Aug 6, 1907 – Aug 8, 1913	Democratic	Joseph F. Johnston	17
						61st	16	Re-elected in 1907 to next term. Died.
						62nd
				Re-elected early January 17, 1911.	17	63rd
								Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. (D) was appointed in 1913 to continue the term, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn. Franklin Potts Glass Sr. (D) was subsequently appointed to continue the term, but the Senate refused to seat him.^[6]	Aug 8, 1913 – May 11, 1914	Vacant
								Elected to finish Johnston's term. Retired.	May 11, 1914 – Mar 3, 1915	Democratic	Francis S. White	18
						64th	17	Elected in 1914.	Mar 4, 1915 – Mar 3, 1927	Democratic	Oscar Underwood	19
						65th
				Re-elected in 1918. Died.	18	66th
Vacant			Mar 1, 1920 – Mar 5, 1920
10	B. B. Comer	Democratic	Mar 5, 1920 – Nov 2, 1920	Appointed to continue Bankhead's term. Successor elected.
11	J. Thomas Heflin	Democratic	Nov 3, 1920 – Mar 3, 1931	Elected to finish Bankhead's term.
						67th	18	Re-elected in 1920. Retired.
						68th
				Re-elected in 1924. Lost renomination then lost re-election as an independent.	19	69th
						70th	19	Elected in 1926.	Mar 4, 1927 – Aug 19, 1937	Democratic	Hugo Black	20
						71st
12	John H. Bankhead II	Democratic	Mar 4, 1931 – Jun 12, 1946	Elected in 1930.	20	72nd
						73rd	20	Re-elected in 1932. Resigned to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
						74th
				Re-elected in 1936.	21	75th
								Appointed by her husband to continue Black's term. Resigned when her successor won the Democratic primary.	Aug 20, 1937 – Jan 10, 1938	Democratic	Dixie Bibb Graves	21
								Appointed to continue Black's term. Elected in 1938 to finish Black's term.	Jan 11, 1938 – Jan 3, 1969	Democratic	J. Lister Hill	22
						76th	21	Re-elected in 1938.
						77th
				Re-elected in 1942. Died.	22	78th
				Re-elected in 1942. Died.		79th
Vacant			Jun 12, 1946 – Jun 15, 1946
13	George R. Swift	Democratic	Jun 15, 1946 – Nov 5, 1946	Appointed to continue Bankhead's term. Successor elected.
14	John Sparkman	Democratic	Nov 6, 1946 – Jan 3, 1979	Elected to finish Bankhead's term.
							22	Re-elected in 1944.
						80th
				Re-elected in 1948.	23	81st
						82nd	23	Re-elected in 1950.
						83rd
				Re-elected in 1954.	24	84th
						85th	24	Re-elected in 1956.
						86th
				Re-elected in 1960.	25	87th
						88th	25	Re-elected in 1962. Retired.
						89th
				Re-elected in 1966.	26	90th
						91st	26	Elected in 1968.	Jan 3, 1969 – Jun 1, 1978	Democratic	James Allen	23
						92nd
				Re-elected in 1972. Retired.	27	93rd
						94th	27	Re-elected in 1974. Died.
						95th		Re-elected in 1974. Died.
								Appointed to continue her husband's term. Lost nomination to finish her husband's term.	Jun 8, 1978 – Nov 7, 1978	Democratic	Maryon Pittman Allen	24
								Elected to finish James Allen's term. Lost renomination; resigned one day early to give his successor advantageous seniority.	Nov 7, 1978 – Jan 2, 1981	Democratic	Donald Stewart	25
15	Howell Heflin	Democratic	Jan 3, 1979 – Jan 3, 1997	Elected in 1978.	28	96th			Nov 7, 1978 – Jan 2, 1981	Democratic	Donald Stewart	25
						96th		Appointed to finish James Allen's term, having already been elected to the next term.	Jan 2, 1981 – Jan 3, 1987	Republican	Jeremiah Denton	26
						97th	28	Elected in 1980. Lost re-election.
						98th
				Re-elected in 1984.	29	99th
						100th	29	Elected in 1986.	Jan 3, 1987 – Jan 3, 2023	Democratic	Richard Shelby	27
						101st
				Re-elected in 1990. Retired.	30	102nd
						103rd	30	Re-elected in 1992. Changed parties in 1994.
						103rd				Republican
						104th
16	Jeff Sessions	Republican	Jan 3, 1997 – Feb 8, 2017	Elected in 1996.	31	105th
						106th	31	Re-elected in 1998.
						107th
				Re-elected in 2002.	32	108th
						109th	32	Re-elected in 2004.
						110th
				Re-elected in 2008.	33	111th
						112th	33	Re-elected in 2010.
						113th
				Re-elected in 2014. Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General.	34	114th
						115th	34	Re-elected in 2016. Retired.
17	Luther Strange	Republican	Feb 9, 2017 – Jan 3, 2018	Appointed to continue Sessions's term. Lost nomination to finish Sessions's term.
18	Doug Jones	Democratic	Jan 3, 2018 – Jan 3, 2021	Elected in 2017 to finish Sessions's term. Lost re-election.
18	Doug Jones	Democratic	Jan 3, 2018 – Jan 3, 2021			116th
19	Tommy Tuberville	Republican	Jan 3, 2021 – present	Elected in 2020.	35	117th
						118th	35	Elected in 2022.	Jan 3, 2023 – present	Republican	Katie Britt	28
						119th
To be determined in the 2026 election.					36	120th
To be determined in the 2026 election.					36	121st	36	To be determined in the 2028 election.
#	Senator	Party	Years in office	Electoral history	T	C	T	Electoral history	Years in office	Party	Senator	#
Class 2						C	Class 3

Notes

1 2 Clay and Fitzpatrick along with several other senators announced they were withdrawing from the Senate on January 21, 1861, due to their states' decisions to secede from the Union. Clay's seat was declared vacant by the Senate on March 14, 1861, but Fitzpatrick's was vacant because his term ended on March 4, 1861.

Related Research Articles

The 1908–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1852–53 United States Senate elections</span>

The 1852–53 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the 1852 presidential election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1852 and 1853, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1868–69 United States Senate elections</span>

The 1868–69 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1868 and 1869, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The 1892–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1892 and 1893, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1866–67 United States Senate elections</span>

The 1866–67 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1866 and 1867, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

References

↑ Journal of the Senate of the State of Alabama. 1903. pp. 82–83.
↑ Schlup, Leonard C.; Ryan, James Gilbert (February 16, 2018). Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765621061 – via Google Books.
↑ "Senator Pettus Re-elected". The New York Times . January 27, 1903. p. 3.
1 2 "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times . January 23, 1907. p. 1.
1 2 The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. p. 258.
↑ Byrd, p. 340.

External links

Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.

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[withdrawal-2] 1 2 Clay and Fitzpatrick along with several other senators announced they were withdrawing from the Senate on January 21, 1861, due to their states' decisions to secede from the Union. Clay's seat was declared vacant by the Senate on March 14, 1861, but Fitzpatrick's was vacant because his term ended on March 4, 1861.

[Alabama1853-1] Journal of the Senate of the State of Alabama. 1903. pp. 82–83.

[3] Schlup, Leonard C.; Ryan, James Gilbert (February 16, 2018). Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765621061 – via Google Books.

[4] "Senator Pettus Re-elected". The New York Times . January 27, 1903. p. 3.

[NYTomni-5] 1 2 "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times . January 23, 1907. p. 1.

[Tribune-6] 1 2 The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. p. 258.

[FOOTNOTEByrd340-7] Byrd, p. 340.

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v t e Alabama's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators	▌ Tommy Tuberville (R) ▌ Katie Britt (R)
Representatives (ordered by district)	▌ Jerry Carl (R) ▌ Barry Moore (R) ▌ Mike Rogers (R) ▌ Robert Aderholt (R) ▌ Dale Strong (R) ▌ Gary Palmer (R) ▌ Terri Sewell (D)

v t e United States senators from Alabama
Class 2	King Lewis Fitzpatrick Clemens C. Claiborne Clay Warner Goldthwaite Morgan Bankhead Sr. Comer J. Heflin Bankhead Jr. Swift Sparkman H. Heflin Sessions Strange Jones Tuberville
Class 3	Walker Kelly Chambers Pickens McKinley Moore McKinley C. Comer Clay Bagby King Fitzpatrick Spencer Houston Pryor Pugh Pettus Johnston White Underwood Black Graves Hill J. Allen M. Allen Stewart Denton Shelby Britt

v t e Lists of United States congressional delegations
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Others	American Samoa District of Columbia Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Proposed (Cherokee)
Obsolete	Dakota Territory Northwest Territory Orleans Territory Philippines Southwest Territory
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