2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama

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2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama
Flag of Alabama.svg
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Turnout40.5% [1] Increase2.svg
  Doug Jones headshot.jpg Judge Roy Moore (cropped 2).jpg
Nominee Doug Jones Roy Moore
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote673,896651,972
Percentage49.97%48.34%
2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama results map by county.svg
2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama results map by congressional district.svg
2017 Senate Election in Alabama by Precinct.svg
Jones:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Moore:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Tie:     40–50%     50%     No data
U.S. senator before election

Luther Strange [a]
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Doug Jones
Democratic

The 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama took place on December 12, 2017, in order for the winner to serve the remainder of the U.S. Senate term ending on January 3, 2021. A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions's February 8, 2017, resignation from the Senate. Sessions resigned his post to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed Luther Strange, the attorney general of Alabama, to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. The special election was scheduled for December 12, 2017. [2]

Contents

Doug Jones, a former U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Alabama, won the Democratic primary election. Roy Moore, a former chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, competed with Strange and U.S. Representative Mo Brooks in the August 15, 2017, Republican primary; the two highest vote-getters, Moore and Strange, advanced to a runoff. [3] President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, as did much of the Republican establishment in the Senate. [4] [5] Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017. [6] [7]

Following the primaries, Moore was expected to easily win the general election. Polling showed him with a clear lead, and Alabama is known for its overwhelming support for Republicans. The race was upended in mid-November 2017, when multiple women alleged that Moore had made unwanted advances or sexually assaulted them when he was in his early thirties and they were in their teens (the youngest was 14 at the time), attracting widespread national media coverage of the election. [8] [9] As a result of these allegations, many national Republican leaders and office holders called for Moore to withdraw from the special election, rescinded their endorsements of him, and stopped funding his campaign. [10] [11] [12] Trump and many Alabama Republicans reaffirmed their support. [13] At the time of the revelations, it was too late to remove his name from the ballot.

On December 12, 2017, Jones won by a margin of 1.63% or 21,924 votes; however, Moore refused to concede. [14] [15] Jones' victory was widely labeled a major upset. He was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin left office in 1997. [16] This is the only time Democrats won a statewide election in Alabama since 2008, when Lucy Baxley was elected President of the Alabama Public Service Commission.

Background

Potential appointees

Following then-President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of then-Senator Sessions to be U.S. attorney general, Robert Aderholt, a member of the United States House of Representatives, had asked to be appointed to the seat. [17] Representative Mo Brooks had also expressed interest in the seat, while Strange had stated before being selected that he would run for the seat in the special election whether or not he was appointed. [18] [19] Other candidates Governor Bentley interviewed for the Senate appointment included Moore; Del Marsh, the president pro tempore of the Alabama Senate; and Jim Byard, the director of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs. [20]

A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions' February 8, 2017 resignation to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed State Attorney General Luther Strange to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. Bentley controversially scheduled the special election to occur in 2018 instead of sooner. [21] [22] When Kay Ivey succeeded Bentley as Alabama's Governor, she rescheduled the special election for December 12, 2017, a move she said was made to adhere with state law. [2]

Republican primary

Campaign

The Republican primary attracted national attention, especially following Trump's endorsement of incumbent Senator Luther Strange. Strange was backed by several key figures within the Republican establishment, most notably Mitch McConnell, the Senate Majority Leader. His two main rivals in the primary were former state judge Roy Moore and Congressman Mo Brooks. While Strange was expected to advance through the first round of the primary, almost every opinion poll showed him trailing Roy Moore in a potential runoff. Strange placed second behind Roy Moore, securing a spot in the runoff. [23]

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in runoff

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

Roy Moore

Executive Branch officials

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Statewide officials

State senators

State Representatives

Local officials

Organizations

Individuals

Luther Strange

Executive Branch officials

U.S. senators

State representatives

Organizations

Mo Brooks

U.S. representatives

State representatives

  • Ed Henry, state representative and chairman of Donald Trump's Alabama campaign [97]

Organizations

Individuals

First round

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		James
Beretta		Joseph
Breault		Randy
Brinson		Mo
Brooks		Mary
Maxwell		Roy
Moore		Bryan
Peeples		Trip
Pittman		Luther
Strange		Undecided
Trafalgar Group (R) [107] August 12–13, 2017870± 3.3%1%1%6%17%1%38%1%6%24%5%
Emerson College [108] August 10–12, 2017373± 5.0%1%0%0%15%0%29%0%10%32%11%
Trafalgar Group (R) [109] August 8–10, 20171,439± 2.6%1%1%4%20%2%35%1%6%23%8%
Cygnal (R) [110] August 8–9, 2017502± 4.4%––2%18%–31%–7%23%13%
Strategy Research [111] August 7, 20172,000± 2.0%1%1%1%19%4%35%1%9%29%0%
JMC Analytics (R) [112] August 5–6, 2017500± 4.4%––2%19%–30%–6%22%17%
RRH Elections (R) [113] July 31 – August 3, 2017426± 5.0%––2%18%–31%–8%29%11%
Strategy Research [114] July 24, 20173,000± 2.0%1%1%2%16%5%33%2%5%35%–
Cygnal (R) [115] July 20–21, 2017500± 2.0%–––16%–26%––33%–

Results

Primary results by county .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Moore 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% Strange 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% Brooks 40-50% 50-60% 2017ALUSSenateGOP.svg
Primary results by county
  Moore
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Strange
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  Brooks
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
Republican primary results, August 15, 2017 [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Roy Moore 164,524 38.9%
Republican Luther Strange (incumbent) 138,971 32.8%
Republican Mo Brooks 83,28719.7%
Republican Trip Pittman 29,1246.9%
Republican Randy Brinson 2,9780.6%
Republican Bryan Peeples1,5790.4%
Republican Mary Maxwell1,5430.4%
Republican James Beretta1,0780.3%
Republican Dom Gentile3030.1%
Republican Joseph Breault2520.1%
Total votes423,282 100.0%

Runoff

President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, in addition to much of the Republican establishment in the Senate, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who made the success of Strange's candidacy a major priority. [4] [5] Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included tweeting and a rally in Huntsville, Alabama. [116] Vice President Mike Pence campaigned for Strange as well. [117] [6] With McConnell's help, Strange outspent Moore by a margin of 10-to-1. [117] [118]

National interest in the race dramatically increased in the month before the runoff. Strange maintained his endorsement from Trump, who campaigned for him in Huntsville during the closing days of the campaign. [116] Trump's endorsement of Strange sparked criticism among his own base, many of whom preferred Moore and detested Strange for being seemingly too friendly with the GOP establishment. Several notable figures close to Trump broke from the president to endorse Moore, including HUD Secretary Ben Carson and Breitbart Executive Chairman Steve Bannon. Despite Trump's endorsement, Strange was defeated by Roy Moore in the runoff, [119] 54.6%-45.4%. [120]

Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017. [6] [7] This was the first time that an incumbent U.S. senator having active White House support lost a primary since Arlen Specter lost to Joe Sestak in 2010. [121]

Debates

2017 Alabama Senate Republican primary runoff debate
No.DateHostModeratorLink Republican Republican
Key:
 P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited  W  Withdrawn
StrangeMoore
1Sep. 21, 2017 Raycom Media Hal Fulmer C-SPAN PP

Averages

ModelMooreStrangeSpread
RealClearPolitics [122] 52.5%41.5%Moore +11.0

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore		Luther
Strange		Undecided
Cygnal (R) [123] September 23–24, 2017996± 3.1%52%41%7%
Trafalgar Group (R) [124] September 23–24, 20171,073± 3.0%57%41%2%
Optimus (R) [125] September 22–23, 20171,045± 2.9%55%45%–
Emerson College [126] September 21–23, 2017367± 5.1%50%40%10%
Gravis Marketing [127] September 21–22, 2017559± 4.1%48%40%12%
Strategy Research [128] September 20, 20172,000± 3.0%54%46%–
Strategy Research [129] September 18, 20172,930± 3.0%53%47%–
JMC Analytics (R) [130] September 16–17, 2017500± 4.4%47%39%14%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF) [131] September 9–10, 2017604± 4.0%41%40%19%
Emerson College [132] September 8–9, 2017355± 5.2%40%26%34%
Strategic National [133] September 6–7, 2017800± 3.5%51%35%14%
Southeast Research [134] August 29–31, 2017401± 5.0%52%36%12%
Harper Polling [135] August 24–26, 2017600± 4.0%47%45%8%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF) [136] August 21–23, 2017601± 4.0%45%41%14%
Opinion Savvy [137] August 22, 2017494± 4.4%50%32%18%
JMC Analytics (R) [138] August 17–19, 2017515± 4.3%51%32%17%
Cygnal (R) [110] August 8–9, 2017502± 4.4%45%34%11%
RRH Elections (R) [139] July 31 – August 3, 2017426± 5.0%34%32%34%
Hypothetical polling
Poll sourceDate(s)

administered

Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore		Mo
Brooks		Undecided
RRH Elections (R) [139] July 31 – August 3, 2017426± 5.0%43%20%37%

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of September 6, 2017
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Luther Strange (R)$4,185,594$4,061,521$631,814
Roy Moore (R)$1,417,416$1,133,774$285,407
Source: Federal Election Commission [140]

Results

Primary runoff results by county Moore 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Strange 50-60% 2017ALUSSenateGOPrunoff.svg
Primary runoff results by county
  Moore
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  Strange
  •   50–60%
Republican primary runoff results, September 26, 2017 [120]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Roy Moore 262,204 54.59%
Republican Luther Strange (incumbent)218,06645.41%
Total votes480,270 100.00%

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

  • Ron Crumpton, activist, nominee for the state senate in 2014 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016 [148] [52]
  • Brian McGee, retired teacher and Vietnam War veteran [26] [149] [150]

Declined

Endorsements

Doug Jones

Executive Branch officials

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

State legislators

Local officials

Newspapers

Organizations

Individuals

Robert Kennedy Jr.

Individual

  • Carl Lewis, Olympic gold medalist and University of Houston track and field head coach [172]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Will
Boyd		Vann
Caldwell		Jason
Fisher		Michael
Hansen		Doug
Jones		Robert
Kennedy Jr.		Charles
Nana		Undecided
Emerson College [173] August 10–12, 2017164± 7.6%8%2%1%0%40%23%1%25%
Strategy Research [111] August 7, 20172,000± 2.0%9%5%3%7%30%40%5%–
Strategy Research [114] July 24, 20173,000± 2.0%6%4%4%4%28%49%5%–

Results

Primary results by county Jones >=90% 80-90% 70-80% 60-70% 50-60% 40-50% Boyd Boyd--30-40% 2018ALUSSenateDprimary.svg
Primary results by county
  Jones
  •   ≥90%
  •   80–90%
  •   70–80%
  •   60–70%
  •   50–60%
  •   40–50%
  Boyd
  •   Boyd—30–40%
Democratic primary results [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Doug Jones 109,105 66.1%
Democratic Robert Kennedy Jr.29,21517.7%
Democratic Michael Hansen11,1056.7%
Democratic Will Boyd8,0104.9%
Democratic Jason Fisher3,4782.1%
Democratic Brian McGee1,4500.9%
Democratic Charles Nana1,4040.9%
Democratic Vann Caldwell1,2390.8%
Total votes165,006 100.0%

Independents and write-in candidates

Candidates

Declared

  • Ron Bishop (L, write-in) [174]
  • Lee Busby (R, write-in), retired Marine colonel [175]
  • Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I, write-in), Air Force veteran [176]
  • Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in), minister [177]
  • Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in) [178]
  • Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in) [179]
  • Mac Watson (R, write-in) [180]

Declined

General election

Controversies

Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations

On November 9, The Washington Post reported that four women had accused Roy Moore of engaging in sexual conduct with them when they were teenagers and he was an assistant district attorney in his thirties. One of the women was 14 years old at the time, below the legal age of consent. [8] A few days later a fifth woman said that she had received unwanted attention from Moore when she was 15 years old, and that in December 1977 or January 1978, [181] when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her. [9] [182] Moore denied the allegations.

After this, certain Republican leaders and conservative organizations withdrew their endorsements of Moore or asked him to drop out of the campaign. These included Texas Senator Ted Cruz, U.S. Attorney General and former seat holder Jeff Sessions, Ivanka Trump, [183] the National Republican Senatorial Committee, [184] former Republican presidential nominees Mitt Romney [185] and John McCain, [186] Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, [187] Ohio Governor John Kasich, [188] Utah Senator Mike Lee, [189] Montana Senator Steve Daines, [190] and House Representatives Barbara Comstock, Carlos Curbelo, and Adam Kinzinger, as well as the Young Republican Federation of Alabama. [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] The state's senior Senator Richard Shelby also refused to endorse Moore. Other conservative websites and organizations such as National Review urged readers not to vote for Moore. [196] [197] Despite this, Moore continued to receive support from the state party and a week before the election, President Donald Trump strongly endorsed Moore. [198] Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him, [199] and Republican leaders said they would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore. [200]

At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot, as Alabama law forbids any change to names on the ballot within 76 days of any primary or general election. [201] Republican officials proposed various ways to promote an alternate Republican candidate. One suggestion was to ask Governor Kay Ivey to delay the special election until 2018, [202] but Ivey said she had no plans to change the election date. [203] Some Republicans such as Senator Lisa Murkowski floated the prospect of a write-in campaign to elect Luther Strange, with Utah Senator Orrin Hatch actively endorsing a write-in campaign for Strange. [204] However, Strange said it was "highly unlikely" that he would run a write-in campaign. [205] Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell proposed Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who formerly held the Senate seat, as a write-in candidate. [206] In late November, Retired Marine Col. Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign, stating that he thought there was room for a centrist in the race. [207]

Debates

Republican nominee Roy Moore refused to debate Democratic nominee Doug Jones. [208] [209] [210] Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the League of Women Voters, [209] WHNT-TV and AL.com. [210] [208] Jones' campaign said that Jones was "willing to debate Roy Moore anytime, anywhere" and accused Moore of "hiding from the voters, from the media and from his record for weeks." [210] [208] Moore and his campaign stated that he refused to debate Jones because their policy positions were already clear to voters and thus there was no need for a formal debate. [210] [208]

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report [211] TossupDecember 7, 2017
Sabato's Crystal Ball [212] TossupDecember 7, 2017
Rothenberg Political Report [213] TossupDecember 7, 2017

Candidates

On ballot

Write-in

Endorsements

Doug Jones (D)

Executive Branch officials

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Statewide officials

State legislators

Local officials

Individuals

Newspapers

Organizations

Roy Moore (R)

U.S. Executive Branch officials

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

Statewide office holders

State Senators

State Representatives

Sheriffs

Political commentators

Religious leaders

White nationalists

Other individuals

Organizations

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of November 22, 2017
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Doug Jones (D)$11,683,671$8,941,988$2,610,481
Roy Moore (R)$4,291,702$3,616,629$636,046
Source: Federal Election Commission [381]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore (R)		Doug
Jones (D)		Lee
Busby (R)
write-in		OtherUndecided
Change Research [382] December 9–11, 20171,543± 2.0%51%45%––4%
SurveyMonkey [383] November 30 – December 11, 20172,203± 4.5%47%49%––4%
Fox News [384] December 7–10, 20171,127± 3.0%40%50%–2%8%
Emerson College [385] December 7–9, 2017600± 3.9%53%44%–4%–
Monmouth University [386] December 6–9, 2017546± 4.2%46%46%–2%6%
Public Policy Polling (D)* [387] December 7–8, 20171,092± 3.8%46%48%––6%
Gravis Marketing [388] December 5–8, 20171,254± 2.8%49%45%––6%
Trafalgar Group (R) [389] December 6–7, 20171,419± 3.1%51%46%–3%–
Change Research [390] December 5–7, 20172,443± 2.0%51%44%––5%
SurveyMonkey [391] November 30 – December 7, 20171,559± 5.5%47%49%––4%
Strategy Research [392] December 4, 20173,200± 2.0%50%43%–3%4%
Gravis Marketing [393] December 1–3, 20171,276± 2.7%44%48%––8%
Emerson College [394] November 30 – December 2, 2017500± 4.3%49%46%5%––
YouGov [395] November 28 – December 1, 20171,067± 3.8%49%43%–4%4%
Washington Post/Schar School [396] November 27–30, 2017739± 4.5%47%50%–3%–
JMC Analytics (R) [397] November 27–28, 2017650± 3.8%49%44%–5% [398] 2%
National Research Inc (R) [399] November 26–28, 2017600± 4.0%46%45%––9%
Change Research [400] November 26–27, 20171,868± 2.3%49%44%––7%
Emerson College [401] November 25–27, 2017500± 4.3%53%47%–––
Strategy Research [402] November 20, 20173,000± 2.0%47%45%–3%5%
WT&S Consulting (R) [403] November 18–20, 201711,641± 1.2%46%40%––13%
Change Research [404] November 15–16, 20172,090–43%46%––11%
National Research Inc [405] November 13–16, 2017600± 4.0%41%49%––10%
Gravis Marketing [406] November 14–15, 2017628± 3.5%42%47%––11%
Fox News [407] November 13–15, 2017649± 3.5%42%50%–2%7%
Strategy Research [408] November 13, 20173,000± 2.0%49%43%––8%
NRSC (R) [409] November 12–13, 2017500–39%51%––10%
WT&S Consulting (R) [410] November 11, 20171,536± 3.3%50%40%––11%
Emerson College [411] November 9–11, 2017600± 3.9%55%45%–––
JMC Analytics (R) [412] November 9–11, 2017575± 4.1%44%48%–2% [413] 6%
Change Research [414] November 9–11, 20171,855–44%40%–3%13%
Gravis Marketing [415] November 10, 2017478± 4.5%48%46%––6%
WT&S Consulting (R) [410] November 9, 20171,354± 3.5%50%39%––11%
Opinion Savvy [416] November 9, 2017515± 4.3%46%46%–4%4%
November 9, 2017Moore Sexual Misconduct Allegations Reported
NRSC (R) [409] November 6–7, 2017––51%42%––8%
Strategy Research [417] November 6, 20172,200± 2.0%51%40%––9%
Axis Research (R-SLF) [418] October 24–26, 2017503± 4.5%56%39%––5%
Strategy Research [419] October 19, 20173,000± 3.0%52%41%––7%
Strategy Research [420] October 16, 20173,000± 2.5%51%40%––9%
Fox News [421] October 14–16, 2017801± 3.5%42%42%–3%11%
NRSC (R) [409] October 3–5, 2017––53%37%––10%
Cygnal (R) [422] October 2–5, 2017497± 4.4%49%41%––9%
JMC Analytics (R) [423] September 30 – October 1, 2017500± 4.4%48%40%–1% [424] 11%
Opinion Savvy [425] September 27–28, 2017590± 4.0%50%45%––5%
Emerson College [126] September 21–23, 2017519± 4.3%52%30%––18%
Emerson College [132] September 8–9, 2017416± 4.8%44%40%––16%
* Unpublished poll released on December 15
Hypothetical polling

with Roy Moore on ballot and Luther Strange as write-in candidate:

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore (R)		Doug
Jones (D)		Luther
Strange (R)		OtherUndecided
Opinion Savvy [426] November 9, 2017515± 4.3%41%44%12%1%2%

with Luther Strange on ballot:

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Luther
Strange (R)		Doug
Jones (D)		OtherUndecided
Fox News [427] November 13–15, 2017649 LV± 3.5%38%48%3%5%
823 RV± 3.0%39%46%3%6%
Emerson College [428] September 21–23, 2017519± 4.3%49%36%–15%
Emerson College [429] September 8–9, 2017416± 4.8%43%40%–17%

with generic Republican/Democrat

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Generic
Republican		Generic
Democrat		Undecided
Washington Post/Schar School [430] November 27–30, 2017739± 4.5%50%44%6%
JMC Analytics (R) [431] November 27–28, 2017650± 3.8%49%46%3%
JMC Analytics (R) [432] November 9–11, 2017575± 4.1%45%47%8%
JMC Analytics (R) [433] September 30 – October 1, 2017500± 4.4%49%45%6%

Results

Turnout map by county 25-30% 30-35% 35-40% 40-45% 45-50% 50-55% 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama turnout map by county.svg
Turnout map by county
  25–30%
  30–35%
  35–40%
  40–45%
  45–50%
  50–55%

At 9:23 p.m. CST on December 12, 2017, the Associated Press called the election for Jones; however, Moore refused to concede. [14] [15] Jones was the first Democratic candidate to win a statewide election in Alabama since former lieutenant governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008. [434] Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin left office in 1997. [16]

United States Senate special election in Alabama, 2017 [435] [436]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Doug Jones 673,896 49.97% +49.97%
Republican Roy Moore 651,97248.34%−48.91%
Write-in 22,8521.69%−1.06%
Total votes1,348,720 100.00% N/A
Democratic gain from Republican

By congressional district

Despite losing the state, Moore won 6 of 7 congressional districts. However, he only won one district by a margin of more than 10 percentage points. [437]

DistrictMooreJonesRepresentative
1st 50%48% Bradley Byrne
2nd 53%45% Martha Roby
3rd 51%48% Mike Rogers
4th 68%30% Robert Aderholt
5th 48.8%48.7% Mo Brooks
6th 53%45% Gary Palmer
7th 20%79% Terri Sewell

By county

Doug Jones Roy Moore Write-insTotal votes
CountyVotes %Votes %Votes %Turnout %
Autauga 5,61538.38%8,76259.90%2531.73%14,63038.32%
Baldwin 22,26135.60%38,56661.68%1,7032.72%62,53042.74%
Barbour 3,71657.53%2,70241.83%410.63%6,45938.35%
Bibb 1,56729.95%3,59968.79%661.26%5,23238.32%
Blount 2,40816.94%11,63181.80%1801.27%14,21937.45%
Bullock 2,71580.37%65619.42%70.21%3,37845.53%
Butler 2,91551.02%2,75848.27%410.72%5,71442.36%
Calhoun 12,33144.04%15,23854.43%4291.53%27,99836.18%
Chambers 4,25755.75%3,31243.37%670.88%7,63632.42%
Cherokee 1,52927.09%4,00670.98%1091.93%5,64433.00%
Chilton 2,30623.06%7,56375.62%1321.32%10,00135.42%
Choctaw 2,27753.66%1,94945.93%170.40%4,24340.10%
Clarke 4,36351.93%3,99547.55%430.51%8,40143.96%
Clay 99027.52%2,58971.96%190.53%3,59836.92%
Cleburne 60019.37%2,46879.66%300.97%3,09829.47%
Coffee 3,73031.10%8,06367.22%2021.68%11,99536.52%
Colbert 6,88146.41%7,77152.41%1711.15%14,82837.75%
Conecuh 2,25955.21%1,81544.35%180.44%4,09239.84%
Coosa 1,41542.71%1,86756.39%300.91%3,31241.42%
Covington 2,10723.33%6,83575.69%880.97%9,03035.09%
Crenshaw 1,32035.46%2,34763.04%561.50%3,72537.66%
Cullman 4,16119.73%16,60978.74%3241.54%21,09437.61%
Dale 3,84435.04%6,99163.72%1361.24%10,97134.87%
Dallas 10,50374.75%3,48724.82%600.43%14,05044.88%
DeKalb 3,55925.62%10,09772.69%2341.68%13,89034.31%
Elmore 7,71134.33%14,41564.16%3381.50%22,46441.34%
Escambia 3,64241.78%4,98757.22%871.00%8,71635.39%
Etowah 10,56840.34%15,73060.04%6202.37%26,91838.57%
Fayette 1,14324.39%3,49174.55%501.07%4,68438.40%
Franklin 1,77129.34%4,21669.86%480.80%6,03533.50%
Geneva 1,29018.92%5,43379.72%931.37%6,81637.84%
Greene 3,34587.64%46212.12%90.24%3,81653.89%
Hale 3,90269.33%1,69130.11%320.57%5,62546.26%
Henry 1,89938.32%3,01560.91%380.77%4,95239.20%
Houston 9,19837.81%14,84661.02%2851.17%24,32934.18%
Jackson 3,33030.82%7,31767.75%1541.43%10,80129.44%
Jefferson 149,75968.13%66,35030.18%3,7161.69%219,82547.38%
Lamar 77921.31%2,84777.89%290.79%3,65534.46%
Lauderdale 9,97043.02%12,81855.31%3881.67%23,17637.53%
Lawrence 3,03336.04%5,32163.23%610.72%8,41535.49%
Lee 19,88657.61%14,05940.73%6741.95%34,51932.90%
Limestone 9,60639.19%14,29858.33%5152.10%24,51441.18%
Lowndes 3,78379.08%98820.65%130.27%4,78447.14%
Macon 5,78388.14%75911.56%200.30%6,56737.70%
Madison 65,99756.98%46,38140.04%3,4472.98%115,82545.68%
Marengo 4,49861.11%2,80538.11%620.84%7,36146.01%
Marion 1,31119.72%5,26979.25%681.02%6,64732.82%
Marshall 5,14526.47%13,84271.21%4502.32%19,43734.22%
Mobile 62,71656.46%46,82842.15%1,5461.39%111,09038.55%
Monroe 3,26649.59%3,28049.80%400.61%6,58640.79%
Montgomery 48,37472.35%17,73926.53%7451.11%66,85844.05%
Morgan 10,93535.48%19,21562.34%6712.18%30,82140.28%
Perry 3,14079.04%82120.68%110.28%3,97248.70%
Pickens 3,06450.44%2,96548.81%460.76%6,07544.18%
Pike 4,01548.51%4,16550.32%971.17%8,27737.58%
Randolph 1,69534.25%3,23165.29%230.46%4,94929.66%
Russell 6,76164.77%3,62234.70%550.53%10,43828.52%
Shelby 27,31141.71%36,45555.67%1,7182.62%65,48445.63%
St. Clair 6,21227.43%15,88970.15%4592.03%22,56038.05%
Sumter 3,52780.91%81418.67%180.41%4,35943.95%
Talladega 9,97750.13%9,70148.75%2231.12%19,90137.45%
Tallapoosa 4,60538.59%7,17960.16%1501.26%11,93440.19%
Tuscaloosa 30,86957.23%22,06740.91%1,0071.87%53,94340.83%
Walker 4,33026.20%11,93872.23%2591.57%16,52735.19%
Washington 1,80534.86%3,32564.21%480.93%5,17839.78%
Wilcox 3,34576.74%1,00022.94%160.37%4,35946.94%
Winston 91116.10%4,68182.71%671.18%5,65935.80%
Totals673,89649.97%651,97248.34%22,8521.69%1,348,720100.00%

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Analysis

External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Doug Jones election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Roy Moore election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN
Jones on stage following his victory Doug Jones election watch party (39007876972).jpg
Jones on stage following his victory
Write-in votes by county: <1% >1% >2% >3% Alabama Senate special election, 2017 write-ins by county.svg
Write-in votes by county:
  <1%
  >1%
  >2%
  >3%

Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore by a margin of 21,924 votes. Voter turnout was 40.54% of Alabama's 3,326,812 [438] registered voters.

Jones won primarily by running up huge margins in the state's major cities, as well as winning 96% of African American voters. The state's four largest counties—Jefferson (home to the state's largest city of Birmingham), Mobile (home to Mobile), Madison (home to Huntsville), and Montgomery (home to the state capital of Montgomery)—all gave Jones 56 percent or more of the vote. He carried Jefferson by over 83,800 votes, and Montgomery by almost 30,500 votes; either county would have been more than enough to give him the victory. Jones also dominated the Black Belt. Jones won 61% of votes from voters under 45, and 51% of independent voters. While Moore dominated the state's rural areas outside of the Black Belt, he significantly underperformed Trump's totals in those areas, as well as the suburbs such as traditional GOP fortress Shelby County, which Moore won by a small margin. [439]

An envelope to a Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee fundraising mailer distributed in 2018 with a reference to Jones' victory in the traditionally strongly Republican state of Alabama DSCC fundraising off of 2017 Alabama special election victory (4).jpg
An envelope to a Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee fundraising mailer distributed in 2018 with a reference to Jones' victory in the traditionally strongly Republican state of Alabama

As of December 15, Moore demanded a recount and refused to concede the race, despite being urged by Trump, Bannon, and others to concede. In Alabama, if the final margin of victory is less than 0.5%, then a recount is automatically triggered. If not, then either candidate can request a recount at their own expense. [440] [441] However, Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill estimated that a recount could cost anywhere from $1 million to $1.5 million, an amount that would have had to be paid in full when the request is made. Moore had only $636,046 on hand by the time the campaign ended. [442] A number of right-leaning websites pushed conspiracy theories about voter fraud providing the margin for Jones. [443] Merrill noted on December 20 that the only outstanding ballots were 366 military ballots and 4,967 provisional ballots; even if all those votes were for Moore, it would not have been enough to trigger an automatic recount. [444]

Because the number of write-in votes was larger than Jones' margin of victory, the names written in were both counted and listed. [445] Luther Strange, who lost the Republican primary to Moore, received the most write-in votes, followed by former White House aide Lee Busby, U.S. Rep. Mo Brooks, who also ran in the Republican Senate primary, Libertarian write-in candidate Ron Bishop, and Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Nick Saban, head coach for University of Alabama's football team, finished in seventh with more than 250 votes. [446]

After the election, Moore filed a lawsuit attempting to block the state from certifying the election and calling for an investigation into voter fraud. On December 28, 2017, a judge dismissed this lawsuit and state officials certified the election results, officially declaring Doug Jones the winner. [447] Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, by Vice President Mike Pence. [16] Jones became the first Democrat to win a statewide race in Alabama since former lieutenant governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008 over Republican Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh. [434] Prior to that, Democrat Jim Folsom Jr. was elected Lieutenant Governor of Alabama in 2006 over Republican Luther Strange. [448] The last Democrat to win a federal statewide election in Alabama was Richard Shelby in 1992, who switched to the Republican Party in late 1994. [449]

Voter demographics

CNN Exit Poll
Demographic subgroupJonesMoore % of
Voters
Gender
Men425649
Women574151
Age
18–24 years old59408
25–29 years old62355
30–39 years old663212
40–49 years old534620
50–64 years old465332
65 and older405923
Race
White 306866
Black 96429
Race by gender
White men267235
White women346331
Black men93611
Black women98217
Education
High school or less445620
Some college education465036
College degree524628
Advanced degree583916
Party ID
Democrats 98237
Republicans 89143
Independents 514321
Ideology
Liberals 861423
Moderates 742531
Conservatives 158345
Children under 18 in your home?
Yes564235
No495065
Are sexual misconduct allegations against Moore:
Definitely True97226
Probably True821526
Probably False39527
Definitely False79315
When did you decide your vote?
Last few days385712
Earlier in December47509
In November534621
Before November534657
Area type
Urban851420
Suburban475138
Rural366242
Source: CNN [450]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In February 2017, Strange was appointed by Governor Robert J. Bentley to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Jeff Sessions, who had been nominated to be U.S. attorney general.

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  13. ↑ Berenson, Tessa (November 10, 2017). "All the Ways Alabama Republicans Are Defending Roy Moore". Time. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
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  37. ↑ Sell, Mary (April 17, 2017). "Ed Henry says he'll run for US Senate seat". Decatur Daily. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
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  39. ↑ "Aderholt not running for Senate seat". Decatur Daily. April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
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  220. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Terkel, Amanda (September 27, 2017). "Man Who Put KKK Behind Bars Will Now Try To Stop Roy Moore From Reaching Senate". HuffPost .
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  222. ↑ "AL & AZ-Sen: Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D. IL) Goes All In To Help Pull Off Two Huge Upset Victories". Daily Kos.
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  228. ↑ "AL-Sen: Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D. NV) Gives Doug Jones (D) A Boost In Beating Roy Moore (R)". Daily Kos. October 30, 2017.
  229. ↑ "AL-Sen: Sen. Jeff Merkley (D. OR) Helps Former KKK Prosecutor Doug Jones (D) Take On Roy Moore (R)". Daily Kos.
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  257. ↑ Barber, Rev Dr [@RevDrBarber] (November 10, 2017). "AL auditor's bizarre read on the Holy family reveals twisted logic of #slaveholderreligion. If you read the Bible to justify hurting the ppl Jesus loved, you can no longer see the good news for anyone" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  258. ↑ Pillion, Dennis (November 25, 2017). "Charles Barkley: Roy Moore should have been disqualified 'way before this woman stuff came up'". AL.com. Retrieved November 25, 2017. [I]f I lived here, I'd vote for Doug Jones.
  259. ↑ Begala, Paul [@PaulBegala] (November 7, 2017). "Every Virginian who worked and walked; every American who phoned and donated; every progressive who put unity over division, you did this. Let's do it again soon. In Alabama on Dec. 12, then in all 50 states in 2018!" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  260. ↑ Bell, W. Kamau [@wkamaubell] (November 9, 2017). "Also... Alabama, I spend a lot of time defending you. Don't make me a jerk outta me by turning Roy Moore into a Senator. On December 12 vote for @GDouglasJones!" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  261. ↑ Best, Adam [@adamcbest] (September 26, 2017). "If Roy Moore wins today, we must help Doug Jones beat him. An anti-LGBTQ birther who totes a gun on stage doesn't belong in the US Senate" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  262. ↑ Cardona, Maria [@MariaTCardona] (October 23, 2017). "WOWZA!!! And this is a FOX NEWS POLL!!! Fox News Senate poll: Doug Jones, Roy Moore are tied" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  263. ↑ Carville, James [@JamesCarville] (October 4, 2017). "MUST READ from Bama experts on AL Sen @JohnAnzo and @ZacMcCrary I'm not for the Tide but I'm for @GDouglasJones" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  264. ↑ Cheadle, Don [@DonCheadle] (October 30, 2017). "Alabama residents: you have less than a month to register to vote! Register today/support @GDouglasJones for #ALsen!" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  265. ↑ Cherny, Andrei [@AndreiCherny] (October 23, 2017). "Hard to imagine a more stark choice between Doug Jones and Roy Moore" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  266. ↑ Clinton, Chelsea [@chelseaclinton] (October 31, 2017). "Republican Alabama Senate candidate" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  267. ↑ Collins, Misha [@mishacollins] (December 12, 2017). "If you have a friend in Alabama, call them right now & tell them to get out & vote for @GDouglasJones! http://votefordoug.com" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  268. ↑ Jones, Doug [@GDouglasJones] (December 10, 2017). "Thank you to great Alabamians Mike Cooley and @drivebytruckers for your support and endorsement! #VoteDec12 #GOTV4Doug" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  269. ↑ Cox, Laverne [@Lavernecox] (November 14, 2017). "As someone who was born and raised in Mobile, Alabama, who went to high school in Birmingham I implore the citizens of my home state to vote for #DougJones for the U.S. Senate. Please show the country who we really are" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  270. ↑ Daughtry, Leah D. [@LeahDaughtry] (October 23, 2017). "I'll be going to #Alabama to campaign for Doug Jones, who prosecuted ages old 16thSt Baptist bombing case and won" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  271. ↑ Dworkin, Scott [@funder] (September 27, 2017). "If u were wondering if we're gonna push for Doug Jones to win in Alabama, the answer is absolutely- yes" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  272. ↑ Ferguson, Jesse [@JesseFFerguson] (November 4, 2017). "Longtime Republican, former Jeff Sessions-staffer, supporting Doug Jones for Senate" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  273. ↑ Fuller, Bonnie [@BonnieFuller] (October 23, 2017). "Doug Jones for senator in Alabama: come on Alabama do what's right for your state & your families!" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  274. ↑ "Browse Individual contributions". FEC. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  275. ↑ Jones, Doug [@GDouglasJones] (December 10, 2017). ""Please go out and vote, vote for Doug Jones on Tuesday. Do it, it's the right thing to do" Jason Isbell" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  276. ↑ Jones, Doug [@GDouglasJones] (November 3, 2017). "Honored to have the support of @chicmadesimple and all Republicans crossing over to ensure a better future for Alabama!pic.twitter.com/rpKqQAM0ue" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  277. ↑ Jean-Pierre, Karine [@K_JeanPierre] (December 12, 2017). "Dear Alabama:Polls are now open! Let's send a resounding loud message against bigotry & sexual assault. We believe in you!VOTE Doug Jones!!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  278. ↑ Jeffery, Clara [@ClaraJeffery] (November 3, 2017). "Doug Jones is all that stands between us and a future with Roy Moore as a Senator: Read @pemalevy" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  279. ↑ Kelly, Michael [@michaeljkellyjr] (October 21, 2017). "Watch this video, follow this man @GDouglasJones, & let's tell all our friends in #Alabama that this is the direction our Country can go" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  280. ↑ Kessler, Jim [@ThirdWayKessler] (October 20, 2017). "Roy Moore isn't just a kook. He's a crook" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  281. ↑ Key, Keegan-Michael. "Thank you Keegan-Michael Key for your support!" . Retrieved December 9, 2017– via Facebook.
  282. ↑ Samuels, Brett (December 11, 2017). "Kimmel donates to Doug Jones in Alabama Senate race". The Hill.
  283. ↑ King, Shaun [@ShaunKing] (December 10, 2017). "Progressives. I share every position you do from Medicare For All, on down. If you say you won't vote for Doug Jones in Alabama because he doesn't support 82 out of 82 of your positions, that's dumb AND privileged. Rethink that" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  284. ↑ Kristol, Bill [@BillKristol] (October 18, 2017). "1. Doug Jones would be a better U.S. senator than Roy Moore. Moore as a senator would be a constant embarrassment to the GOP" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  285. ↑ Lavin, Talia B. [@chick_in_kiev] (October 30, 2017). "god i hope doug jones wins" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  286. ↑ LeGate, William [@williamlegate] (November 20, 2017). "Priorities rn for anyone who cares about our country: 1. Kill #GOPTaxScam 2. Call FCC to demand they keep net neutrality (vote is over Thanksgiving holidays to try to sneak it through) 3. Get Doug Jones elected to Senate" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  287. ↑ Sean, McElwee [@SeanMcElwee] (September 26, 2017). "Doug Jones will run against Roy Moore in December. Let's replace white nationalist Jeff Sessions with the man who prosecuted the KKK" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  288. ↑ Messing, Debra [@DebraMessing] (September 28, 2017). "Support this decent man!" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  289. ↑ Milano, Alyssa [@Alyssa_Milano] (September 22, 2017). "I love Alabama. And I also love @GDouglasJones" (Tweet). Retrieved October 28, 2017– via Twitter.
  290. ↑ Greenwood, Max (November 21, 2017). "GOP operative: 'I just donated to a Democrat for the first time' in Alabama Senate race". The Hill. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  291. 1 2 3 Shelbourne, Mallory (December 6, 2017). "GOP strategist donates to Alabama Democrat". The Hill. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
  292. ↑ O'Reilly, Holly [@AynRandPaulRyan] (November 10, 2017). "She worked for Republicans: Luther Strange Jeff Sessions Haley Barbour But she's voting for Doug Jones on December 12. Thank you, @chicmadesimple, and every Republican who will vote their conscience" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  293. ↑ Oswalt, Patton [@pattonoswalt] (November 12, 2017). "If everyone who followed ME gave @GDouglasJones $1, we could all wave bye-bye to #RoyMooreChildMolester" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  294. ↑ Painter, Richard W. [@RWPUSA] (September 27, 2017). "Alabama: Unless you want a man who talks like the Taliban representing you in the Senate Doug Jones is your man" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  295. ↑ Parkhomenko, Adam [@AdamParkhomenko] (November 4, 2017). "Russia is actively trying to change the perceptions of voters to favor GOP candidates in Alabama & Virginia. Where the hell is the outrage?" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  296. ↑ Parnell, Archie [@Archie4Congress] (September 28, 2017). "Pay attention to the #ALSen race, & support @GDouglasJones. Doug Jones can win this special election w your support" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  297. ↑ Perabo, Piper [@PiperPerabo] (November 12, 2017). "I believe in Doug Jones and I believe in Alabama, and I donated" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  298. ↑ Reiner, Carl [@carlreiner] (December 12, 2017). "Doug Jones, I meant Doug Jones, I'm 95* 8 mos and I am forgetful.....don't vote for the sexual predator, Moore, vote JONES!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  299. ↑ Reiner, Rob [@robreiner] (December 12, 2017). "Today decency, Democracy, Donald Trump are on the ballot. If Alabama votes Doug Jones, it will have a huge impact on preserving our Republic" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  300. ↑ "Opinion – If Republicans can't oppose Roy Moore, they're headed for extinction". The Washington Post . Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  301. ↑ Sanders, Symone D. [@SymoneDSanders] (November 21, 2017). "Today, Tim Miller did the right thing. Be like Tim" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  302. ↑ Schmidt, Steve [@SteveSchmidtSES] (November 10, 2017). "Every Alabama Republican who processes an ounce of decency will vote for Doug Jones on December 12th. Every GOP member of Congress with an ounce of decency will 1. unendorse 2. demand no party money is spent. 3.refuse to caucus with Moore 4. Call for Moore to drop out" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  303. ↑ Steve Schmidt: 'Roy Moore Is A Pedophile' – All In. MSNBC. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017– via YouTube.
  304. ↑ Papenfuss, Mary (November 11, 2017). "GOP Strategist Says Lincoln Is Rolling In His Grave Over Roy Moore's Defenders". HuffPost. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  305. ↑ Sellers, Bakari [@Bakari_Sellers] (November 7, 2017). "First things first. Not 2018 but Alabama! Go here. Contribute. $5, $10, whatever you can. I'll be in Bama soon" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  306. ↑ Sinyangwe, Samuel [@samswey] (November 9, 2017). "If Alabama elects Doug Jones to the Senate on 12/12, he'd be seated by 12/15 and effectively *shut down* the GOP legislative agenda.*By next month.*" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  307. ↑ Skolnik, Michael [@MichaelSkolnik] (December 12, 2017). "Dear Alabama, We believe in you!! Vote for Doug Jones! Sincerely, America" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  308. ↑ Spiro, Topher [@TopherSpiro] (November 11, 2017). "Republicans already stole a Supreme Court seat. Now they're trying to steal a Senate seat by rescheduling the election (!). You know what to do" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  309. ↑ Takei, George [@GeorgeTakei] (September 26, 2017). "Tonight, AL Republicans nominated anti-LGBT anti-immigrant Roy Moore to be their Senate candidate. Let's help elect Dem Doug Jones instead" (Tweet). Retrieved November 12, 2017– via Twitter.
  310. ↑ "Twitter". Twitter.
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  312. ↑ Wallace, George [@MrGeorgeWallace] (December 11, 2017). "People of Alabama, 'Tis I, George Wallace. Do as I, George Wallace, say and vote for Doug Jones. I only want the best for Alabama, as I am George Wallace. Roy Moore hates you & Auburn & the Crimson Tide too. I'm George Wallace & I approved this message & whatnot" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  313. ↑ Jones, Doug [@GDouglasJones] (December 12, 2017). "Thank you @kerrywashington for your support and endorsement! Don't know where to vote? Go to http://VoteForDoug.com pic.twitter.com/fdv5q9Rbo9" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  314. ↑ "Doug Jones Can Beat Roy Moore. But There's One Big Problem ..." Politico. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  315. ↑ Will, George F. (November 13, 2017). "Roy Moore is an embarrassment. Doug Jones deserves to win". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  316. ↑ "George Will: Democrat Doug Jones deserves to win over Roy Moore". MSNBC. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  317. ↑ Willis, Oliver [@owillis] (November 21, 2017). "this doug jones ad is good. its also like a lot of ads that hrc ran and im still pessimistic about alabama" (Tweet). Retrieved November 23, 2017– via Twitter.
  318. ↑ Jones, Doug [@GDouglasJones] (December 12, 2017). "Thank you, @BellamyYoung for your kind words and endorsement! Have voting questions? http://VoteForDoug.com pic.twitter.com/e57fPXEvls" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  319. ↑ "EDITORIAL: It's time for voters to put an end to Moore's antics. The Auburn Plainsman's Editorial Board endorses Democrat Doug Jones for Senate". The Plainsman. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  320. 1 2 3 "Our view: Alabama voters must reject Roy Moore; we endorse Doug Jones for U.S. Senate". al.com. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
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  410. 1 2 WT&S Consulting (R)
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  447. ↑ Nelson, Louis (December 28, 2017). "Roy Moore loses lawsuit seeking new election". Politico. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  448. ↑ Johnson, Bob. "Folsom claims lieutenant governor". The Decatur Daily News. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  449. ↑ Chan, Tara Francis (December 13, 2017). "The last Democrat to win an Alabama Senate race later became a Republican — and did not vote for Roy Moore". Business Insider . Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  450. ↑ "Alabama Senatorial exit poll". CNN . Retrieved January 16, 2023.

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