Baldwin County, Alabama

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Baldwin County
County
Baldwin County Courthouse Bay Minette June 2013 1.jpg
The Baldwin County Courthouse in Bay Minette
Baldwin County al seal.jpg
Seal
Map of Alabama highlighting Baldwin County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Alabama
Alabama in United States.svg
Alabama's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°39′39″N87°44′59″W / 30.66097°N 87.74984°W / 30.66097; -87.74984
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Alabama.svg  Alabama
FoundedDecember 21 [1] , 1809 [1]
Named for Abraham Baldwin
Seat Bay Minette
Largest city Daphne
Area
[2]
 • Total2,027 sq mi (5,250 km2)
 • Land1,590 sq mi (4,100 km2)
 • Water437 sq mi (1,130 km2)  21.6%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total231,767
 • Estimate 
(2023)
253,507 Increase2.svg
 • Density110/sq mi (44/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district 1st
Website baldwincountyal.gov
 
  • County Number 05 on Alabama License Plates
  • Largest County by population not shuffled to top 4 on Alabama License Plates

Baldwin County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, on the Gulf coast. It is one of only two counties in Alabama that border the Gulf of Mexico, along with Mobile County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 231,767, making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama. [3] The county seat is Bay Minette. The county is named after the founder of the University of Georgia, Senator Abraham Baldwin. [4]

Contents

Baldwin was Alabama's fastest-growing county from 2010 to 2020, with 4 of the top 10 fastest-growing cities in the state in recent years. [5]

The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metropolitan statistical area.

It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay. Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River, a brackish distributary river.

History

Baldwin County was established on December 21, 1809, [1] ten years before Alabama became a state. Previously, the county had been a part of the Mississippi Territory until 1817, when the area was included in the separate Alabama Territory. Statehood was gained by Alabama in 1819. [6]

There have been numerous border changes to the county as population grew and other counties were formed. Numerous armies have invaded during the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and Civil War. [7]

In the first days of Baldwin County, the town of McIntosh Bluff on the Tombigbee River was the county seat. (It is now included in Washington County, northwest of Baldwin County.) The county seat was transferred to the town of Blakeley in 1820, and then to the city of Daphne in 1868. In 1900, by an act of the legislature of Alabama, the county seat was authorized for relocation to the city of Bay Minette; however, the city of Daphne resisted this relocation.

To achieve the relocation, the men of Bay Minette devised a scheme. They fabricated a murder to lure the sheriff and his deputy out of the city of Daphne. While the law was chasing down the fictitious killer during the late hours, the group of Bay Minette men stealthily traveled the seventeen miles (27 km) to Daphne, stole the Baldwin County Courthouse records, and delivered them to the city of Bay Minette, where Baldwin County's county seat remains. A New Deal mural, completed by WPA artists during the Great Depression, depicts these events. It hangs in the Bay Minette United States Post Office. [8]

During the American Civil War, 32 men hailing from Baldwin County enlisted with a Union unit mustered in Pensacola, Florida, called the 1st Florida Cavalry Regiment. In 1860, Baldwin County was the least populous of Alabama's 52 counties. Half of the population were enslaved. There was also a large population of Muscogee (Creek) in the northern portion of the county. [9]

During the Cold War, the vice president of Foley-based Gulf Telephone Company, John Mcclure Snook, formed a private militia to resist a potential Communist invasion from the Gulf of Mexico. [10] Due to this militia being armed with automatic weapons from Snook's personal collection, the federal government seized the weapons as part of an order during a 1964 libel proceeding. Although Snook paid the taxes imposed on the manufacture of automatic firearms, he sued for a refund on the basis that his militia served as auxiliary deputies for the Baldwin County Sheriff. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit rejected this argument in a 1971 decision as his militia never performed services where use of those weapons were deemed necessary. [11]

Due to its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, Baldwin County frequently endures tropical weather systems, including hurricanes. Since the late 20th century, the county has been declared a disaster area multiple times. This was due to heavy damages in September 1979 from Hurricane Frederic, [12] July 1997 from Hurricane Danny, [13] September 1998 from Hurricane Georges, [14] September 2004 from Hurricane Ivan, [15] August 2005 from Hurricane Katrina [16] and September 2020 from Hurricane Sally. [17]

2016 flag controversy

Baldwin County attracted national attention after the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting as the only county in the United States to refuse to lower its flags to half-staff. Both President Obama and Alabama governor Robert Bentley had ordered all flags to be lowered immediately following the attack, which was believed to have specifically targeted the LGBTQ community. Citing the U.S. Flag Code, Baldwin County commissioner Tucker Dorsey stated that while his "heart certainly goes out to the victims and their families," the incident "doesn't meet the test of the reason for the flag to be lowered." [18]

Geography

Baldwin County's beaches Morning at Gulf State Park.jpg
Baldwin County's beaches

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,027 square miles (5,250 km2), of which 1,590 square miles (4,100 km2) is land and 437 square miles (1,130 km2) (21.6%) is water. [19] [2] It is the largest county by area in Alabama and the 12th-largest county east of the Mississippi River. It is larger than the US state of Rhode Island.

Adjacent counties

Regions

Environmental recognition

Two separate areas in Baldwin County have been designated as "Outstanding Alabama Water" by the Alabama Environmental Management Commission, which oversees the Alabama Department of Environmental Management. As of April 2007, only two other areas in Alabama have received what is the "highest environmental status" in the state. A portion of Wolf Bay and 42 miles (68 km) of the Tensaw River in northern Baldwin County have received the designation. Officials believe the "pristine water" will become an important eco-tourism destination. [20]

National protected area

Transportation

Major highways

Airports

There are numerous private airports and heliports in Baldwin County. Considerable military airspace overlies much of the county and adjacent bay and coastal waters.

Commercial, scheduled service is from Mobile Regional Airport, Mobile Downtown Airport, or Pensacola International Airport.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1810 1,427—
1820 1,71320.0%
1830 2,32435.7%
1840 2,95127.0%
1850 4,41449.6%
1860 7,53070.6%
1870 6,004−20.3%
1880 8,60343.3%
1890 8,9413.9%
1900 13,19447.6%
1910 18,17837.8%
1920 20,73014.0%
1930 28,28936.5%
1940 32,32414.3%
1950 40,99726.8%
1960 49,08819.7%
1970 59,38221.0%
1980 78,55632.3%
1990 98,28025.1%
2000 140,41542.9%
2010 182,26529.8%
2020 231,76727.2%
2023 (est.)253,507 [21] 9.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [22]
1790–1960 [23] 1900–1990 [24]
1990–2000 [25] 2010–2020 [3]

2020 census

Baldwin County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [26] Pop 2010 [27] Pop 2020 [28] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)120,868152,200186,49586.08%83.50%80.47%
Black or African American alone (NH)14,35716,96618,00110.22%9.31%7.77%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)7531,1461,2910.54%0.63%0.56%
Asian alone (NH)5311,3402,0290.38%0.74%0.88%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)37791220.03%0.04%0.05%
Other race alone (NH)1042457750.07%0.13%0.33%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)1,2992,29710,3680.93%1.26%4.47%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)2,4667,99212,6861.76%4.38%5.47%
Total140,415182,265231,767100.00%100.00%100.00%

As of the 2020 census, there were 231,767 people, 93,116 households, and 64,222 families residing in the county. [29] The population density was 145.8 inhabitants per square mile (56.3/km2) There were 124,148 housing units.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 182,265 people, 73,180 households, and 51,151 families residing in the county. The population density was 110 people per square mile (42 people/km2). There were 104,061 housing units at an average density of 54 units per square mile (21 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 85.7% White, 9.4% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 4.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 73,180 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.46 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,250, and the median income for a family was $47,028. Males had a median income of $34,507 versus $23,069 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,826. 10.10% of the population and 7.60% of families were below the poverty line. 13.10% of those under the age of 18 and 8.90% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, 21.4% were of American, 12.5% English, 11.4% German and 9.9% Irish ancestry.

In 2000, the largest denominational groups were Evangelical Protestants (with 38,670 adherents) and Mainline Protestants (with 16,399 adherents). [30] The largest religious bodies were the Southern Baptist Convention (with 27,789 members) and the Catholic Church (with 10,482 members). [30]

Education

Baldwin County contains three public school districts. There are approximately 32,500 students in public K-12 schools in Baldwin County. [31] Prior to the 2019–2020 school year, there was only one school district, overseen by the Baldwin County Board of Education. The city of Gulf Shores has since set up its own school system, following a city council vote in 2017. In the spring of 2022, the city council of Orange Beach also voted to breakaway from the county school system. [32]

There are Catholic elementary schools in the county, including Christ the King (Daphne), St. Patrick (Robertsdale) and St. Benedict (Elberta). Beginning in 2016, there is also a Catholic high school, St. Michael Catholic High School, located just east of Fairhope.

Coastal Alabama Community College has several campuses in the county. The United States Sports Academy is a private university focused on sports and located in Daphne.

Districts

School districts include: [33]

Government

United States presidential election results for Baldwin County, Alabama [34]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2020 83,54476.17%24,57822.41%1,5571.42%
2016 72,88376.55%18,45819.39%3,8744.07%
2012 66,01677.22%18,42421.55%1,0511.23%
2008 61,27175.26%19,38623.81%7560.93%
2004 52,97176.42%15,59922.50%7501.08%
2000 40,87272.37%13,99724.78%1,6112.85%
1996 29,48762.58%12,77627.11%4,85610.31%
1992 26,27056.52%12,19526.24%8,01117.24%
1988 25,93372.85%9,27126.04%3941.11%
1984 24,96475.55%7,27222.01%8092.45%
1980 18,65265.78%8,44829.80%1,2534.42%
1976 13,25657.72%9,19140.02%5202.26%
1972 15,10482.20%2,92315.91%3481.89%
1968 2,15411.87%1,82110.04%14,16778.09%
1964 10,87081.12%00.00%2,53018.88%
1960 4,81245.24%5,64753.09%1771.66%
1956 4,29351.02%3,87846.08%2442.90%
1952 3,17948.04%3,38651.17%520.79%
1948 76722.26%00.00%2,67877.74%
1944 69525.49%2,00273.41%301.10%
1940 61717.62%2,68176.58%2035.80%
1936 43414.63%2,33878.80%1956.57%
1932 54419.57%2,09875.47%1384.96%
1928 1,38851.05%1,31748.44%140.51%
1924 54927.76%1,02351.72%40620.53%
1920 55628.70%1,23063.50%1517.80%
1916 21618.95%76667.19%15813.86%
1912 374.00%62367.28%26628.73%
1908 10917.06%43968.70%9114.24%
1904 12620.52%45473.94%345.54%
1900 39643.00%44448.21%818.79%
1896 40434.21%72661.47%514.32%
1892 38227.64%91265.99%886.37%
1888 54743.04%72456.96%00.00%

Baldwin County was one of the earliest counties in Alabama in which the old-line Southern Democrats began splitting their tickets, even going so far as to vote for Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1956 re-election bid. Today, it is one of the most solidly Republican counties in Alabama. No Republican has failed to win a majority in the county since 1968, when it was easily carried by George Wallace running on a segregationist third-party ticket. The county has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since 1960.

The county is governed by a four-member county commission, elected from single-member districts. A sheriff, coroner, and revenue commissioner are elected in at-large positions countywide. The sheriff of Baldwin County is Hoss Mack (R). [35]

The commissioners are as follows:

District 1: James E. Ball (R)

District 2: Joseph Davis III (R)

District 3: Billie Jo Underwood (R)

District 4: Charles F. Gruber (R)

The coroner is Brian Pierce (R) and the district attorney is Robert Wilters (R).

Emergency Services

The Baldwin County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency for unincorporated areas of Baldwin County. The current sheriff is Huey H. Mack, who joined the Sheriff's Office in 1989 as a criminal investigator. The first sheriff, Benjamin Baldwin, was appointed on December 21, 1809. [36]

Several local police departments are the primary law enforcement agencies in their respective jurisdictions, as well as fire protection in Baldwin County is provided by various local fire departments.

Emergency medical services are provided by MedStar, with the exception of some cities, where the local fire department staffs ambulances.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated place

Unincorporated areas

Ghost town

County subdivisions

Historical census county divisions of Baldwin County
Baldwin County, Alabama census divisions, 1930-1950.tif
Approximate divisions used in the 1930–1950 censuses. Similar to those used from 1910 to 1920.
Baldwin County, Alabama census divisions, 2020.tif
Current divisions as of the 2020 census. Similar to those used from 1970 to 2010.

The United States Census Bureau divides counties into county subdivisions. In Baldwin County, these are currently in to form of census county divisions. The county's historical subdivisions and their populations in the decennial censuses are as follows:

1870

Subdivision1870
[37]
Township 1 south160
Township 2 south278
Township 3 south480
Township 4 south480
Township 5 south640
Township 6 south1,120
Township 7 south640
Township 8 south320
Township 9 south320
Township 1 north320
Township 2 north480
Township 3 north320
Township 4 north446
County total6,004

1880

Subdivision1880
[38]
Beat 11,489
Beat 25,976
Beat 31,138
County total8,603

1890–1900

Subdivision1890
[39] 		1900
[40]
Precinct 1, Montgomery Hill 2,0352,268
Precinct 2, Stockton 9431,387
Precinct 3, Perdido Station 4701,075
Precinct 4, Bay Minette 1,0221,593
Precinct 5, Halmons [sic]492632
Precinct 6, Sibleys Mill 294939
Precinct 7, Courthouse
(including Daphne)		6411,099
Precinct 8, Battles Wharf 1,3141,837
Precinct 9, Lowell 506696
Precinct 10, Helton 346490
Precinct 11, Shell Banks 310769
Precinct 12, Camp Powell 568409
County total8,94113,194

1910–1950

Subdivision1910
[41] 		1920
[42] 		1930
[43] 		1940
[44] 		1950
[45]
Precinct 1, Blackshear [sic]1,2931,0769451,042643
Precinct 2, Montgomery Hill and Latham 764864704692638
Precinct 3, Stockton and Deans 1,4321,8801,8701,7822,140
Precinct 4, Bay Minette 2,3362,6934,2714,7236,264
Precinct 5, Perdido and Lottie 1,0121,7101,8342,0241,832
Precinct 6, Stapleton and Ducks (1910–1920)
Precinct 6, Stapleton (1930–1950)		9001,0211,0451,3301,437
Precinct 7, Holmans and Gateswood 7571,011519585489
Precinct 8, Daphne 1,5071,6082,1312,7233,814
Precinct 9, Loxley and Robertsdale
(including Silverhill)		1,7852,3014,3804,9816,655
Precinct 10, Fairhope and Zundels 2,0251,9633,6813,9176,505
Precinct 11, Summerdale and Marlow 8569931,7661,8081,879
Precinct 12, Seminole and Lillian 4373566051,049964
Precinct 13, Elberta and Josephine 7151,0251,2721,2391,384
Precinct 14, Foley and Magnolia Springs 1,0191,2142,3703,0814,715
Precinct 15, Bon Secour and Palmetto Beach (1910–1940)
Precinct 15, Bon Secour and Canal (1950)		1,3401,0158961,3481,638
County total18,17820,73028,28932,32440,997

1960–present

Subdivision1960
[46] 		1970
[47] 		1980
[48] 		1990
[49] 		2000
[50] 		2010
[51] 		2020
[52]
Bay Minette CCD 10,78813,34717,04018,05821,87723,60425,186
Daphne CCD
(including Spanish Fort)		5,4028,46113,56319,13528,90441,29555,767
Elberta CCD
(including Perdido Beach)		2,3853,0764,2306,34110,47310,95713,668
Fairhope CCD 8,74510,56213,78216,33120,78025,89433,920
Foley CCD (including Gulf Shores,
Magnolia Springs, and most of Orange Beach)		7,78810,41614,13320,68731,27148,08964,862
Perdido CCD 1,675——————
Robertsdale CCD
(including Loxley and Silverhill)		7,8478,2579,99311,84918,85424,31729,160
Stockton CCD 2,8993,4703,7043,5654,1613,8043,745
Summerdale CCD 1,5591,7932,1112,3144,0954,3055,459
County total49,08859,38278,55698,280140,415182,265231,767

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silverhill, Alabama</span> Town in Alabama, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baldwin County Board of Education</span> School district in Alabama

The Baldwin County Board of Education oversees most public schools in Baldwin County, Alabama, and is based in Bay Minette, Alabama. The Board serves the entire county. Over 30,000 students are within the supervision of the Board. 3,400 employees including 2,100 classroom teachers, serve the students at its campuses. The Board of Education is the largest single employer in Baldwin County.

References

  1. 1 2 3 A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama: Containing the Statutes and Resolutions in Force at the end of the General Assembly in January, 1823. Published by Ginn & Curtis, J. & J. Harper, Printers, New-York, 1828. Title 10. Chapter III. Pages 81-82. An Act to divide Washington County, and for other purposes therein mentioned.--Passed December 21, 1809.
  2. 1 2 "2023 Gazetteer Files for Counties: Alabama" (text). United States Census Bureau . Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  3. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  4. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN   9780806305448.
  5. ↑ Archibald, Ramsey. "Alabama's 10 fastest growing cities from 2019 to 2020". al.com. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Various Historical Compilations about Baldwin County, Alabama". Baldwin County, Alabama. Archived from the original on August 28, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
  7. ↑ "ADAH Historical Markers—Baldwin County: A County Older than the State". Texts of historical markers placed by Alabama Historical Society. Alabama Department of Archives & History. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2007.
  8. ↑ "History-Compilations". Co.baldwin.al.us. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  9. ↑ Marsh, Sharon D. (2016). The 1st Florida Union Cavalry Volunteers in the Civil War : the men and the regimental history, and what that tells us about the area during the war (1st ed.). pp. 4–5. ISBN   9780692793589.
  10. ↑ Sheriff and Vice President of Gulf Telephone, inspecting the company's home guard which is filled by women. Arthur Schatz. The Chronicle Collection.
  11. ↑ John Mcclure Snook, Plaintiff-appellee, v. United States of America, Defendant-appellant 451 F.2d 329 (5th Cir. 1971). Justia.
  12. ↑ "Alabama Disaster History". FEMA website. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
  13. ↑ "Special Title I Assistance to Victims in Presidentially Declared Major Disaster Areas - Alabama, Vermont, Washington State and Michigan". hudclips.org. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
  14. ↑ "Designated Counties for Alabama Hurricane Georges". FEMA website. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
  15. ↑ "Designated Counties for Hurricane Ivan". FEMA website. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
  16. ↑ "Alabama Hurricane Katrina". FEMA website. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2007.,
  17. ↑ Robbie Berg; Bard J. Reinhart (April 14, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Sally (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  18. ↑ Deena Zaru. "Alabama county refuses to lower flag to honor Orlando victims". CNN. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  19. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  20. ↑ Gary Busby, "Wolf Bay Listed as Outstanding Alabama Water", The Mobile Register,Baldwin Register, April 24, 2007, page 1
  21. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023" . Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  22. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  26. ↑ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Baldwin County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  27. ↑ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Baldwin County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  28. ↑ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Baldwin County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  29. ↑ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  30. 1 2 "County Membership Reports". thearda.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  31. ↑ "Search for Public School Districts - Baldwin County, AL". National Center for Education Statistics . Institute of Education Sciences . Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  32. ↑ Sharp, John (March 15, 2022). "Orange Beach votes to create city school system". AL.COM . Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  33. ↑ "2020 Census - School District Reference Map: Baldwin County, AL" (PDF). United States Census Bureau . Retrieved August 28, 2022. Text list.
  34. ↑ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" . Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Association". Alabama Sheriffs. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  36. ↑ Baldwin County Sheriff's page
  37. ↑ Ninth Census: The Statistics of the Population of the United States. Vol. 1. 1872.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  38. ↑ Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census. 1883.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ Report on the Population of the United States at the Eleventh Census. Vol. 1. 1895.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  40. ↑ Twelfth Census of the United States: Population, part 1. Vol. 1. 1901.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. 1912.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ Fourteenth Census of the United States: Population. Vol. 1. 1921.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  43. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States: Population. Vol. 1. 1931.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Sixteenth Census of the United States: Population. Vol. 1. 1942.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  45. ↑ A Report of the Seventeenth Decennial Census of the United States: Census of Population. Vol. 1. 1952.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  46. ↑ 1960 Census of Population: Advance Reports: Final Population Counts. Vol. 1. 1960.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  47. ↑ 1970 Census of Population: Characteristics of the Population: Number of Inhabitants. Vol. 1. 1972.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  48. ↑ 1980 Census of Population and Housing: Number of Inhabitants:Alabama. 1982.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ 1990 Census of Population and Housing: Summary Population and Housing Characteristics: Alabama. 1991.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ "DP1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000". United States Census Bureau.
  51. ↑ "P1: Total Population: 2010". United States Census Bureau.
  52. ↑ "P1: Race: 2020". United States Census Bureau.

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